You notice a patron that is swimming laps who
suddenly slips under water without a struggle and does not resurface. This person is probably:
b. A passive victim who needs help.
Primary responsibilities of a lifeguard include:
c. Inspecting the pool and rescue equipment
before the facility opens and paying close
attention to patrons in the water by actively
scanning the assigned area. b. Move the victim directly onto a backboard.
What should you do if a man is unexpectedly pushed from behind and falls from the deck into the water and is in distress after you activate the emergency action plan?
d. Extend a rescue tube to him while remaining
on deck, then provide any additional care.
Which of the following is a primary responsibility of a lifeguard?
a. Enforcing facility rules and regulations and
educating patrons about them
What should you do in the case of a head, neck or spinal injury in deep water?
a. Minimize movement of the victim’s head and
neck using the head splint technique.
What steps should you take if you notice a person motionless in the water while scanning your zone?
c. Activate the EAP, enter the water, perform an
appropriate rescue, move the victim to a safe
exit point, remove the victim from the water
and provide emergency care as needed.
What applies to the situation if you are scanning the pool and witness a patron struggling while swimming and then go under?
a. You have duty to act and perform the
appropriate rescue.
What should a lifeguard do if they can no longer see some of the patrons at one side of the swimming area from the station because of glare from the afternoon sun to maintain effective patron surveillance?
a. Adjust his position slightly to remove the glare
spot from his surveillance area.
What should you after you blow your whistle at a patron running running on the deck to enforce the rules and regulations?
c. Telling her she could slip or fall and she must
walk on the deck.
When caring for a suspected head, neck or
spinal injury in water, proper manual in-line
stabilization is provided by:
b. Provided using the head splint technique.
Working with other lifeguards, facility staff and
supervisors as a team is:
b. One of the primary responsibilities of
a lifeguard.
You are a lifeguard on surveillance duty during a
busy family swim session. It is important to scan and carry:
b. Scan all areas in your assigned zone of
coverage and carry your rescue tube with you
at all times.
- A head, neck or spinal injury rarely happens where?
a. In deep water at a supervised facility.
What is required in the event of accidental fecal releases (AFRs)
c. Require water treatment, temporary pool
closure and immediate lifeguard attention.
You are lifeguarding during a family swim session when you notice a swimmer swimming full lengths of the pool under water. What should you do?
c. Immediately stop him from continuing the
activity and explain the dangers of the activity.
After removing a conscious victim you suspect has a spinal injury from the water, you definitely shouldn’t:
c. Dry the victim off and apply the pads of
an AED.
If you are on break while tow lifeguards are on surveillance during during a public swim and one lifeguard actives the facility’s EAP for a submerged passive victim and enters the water, what steps should you take to assist in the rescue?
b. Bring the backboard to the lifeguard and assist
in removing the victim from the water as the
other lifeguard clears the pool.
A lifeguard keeps an eye on the patrons of the pool, checking the bottom, middle and surface of the water. He is demonstrating:
b. Effective scanning.
What steps should you take if a mother and her son walk over to and say that her son fell on the pool deck and hit his head if you notice he has blood and fluid running from his ear and he is feeling dizzy?
d. Provide manual stabilization while the other
lifeguards prepare to backboard him.
The lifeguard supervisor expects the pool to be
very busy in the afternoon. For effective patron
surveillance, she sets up multiple lifeguard stations to reduce the number of patrons watched by each lifeguard. This type of coverage is called:
d. Zone coverage.
To effectively scan, you must:
d. Move your head and eyes as you scan to look
directly at each area rather than staring in a
fixed direction.
When providing care to a conscious person you
suspect of having a head, neck or spinal injury and who was injured from a fall on the pool deck:
d. You do not move the victim unless the scene
becomes unsafe.
A woman collides with another swimmer while
diving into the pool and asks the lifeguard for
help. Without doing an assessment, the lifeguard tells the woman she can continue swimming. The woman leaves the facility and seeks medical attention from a hospital after she begins to feel tingling sensations in her arms and legs. The lifeguard may be:
c. Negligent.
During a weather-related power failure at a facility, you should:
a. Clear everyone from the pool.
During in-service training, lifeguards practice
the steps of recognizing a distressed swimmer,
rescuing an active victim, informing management and speaking with witnesses. The lifeguards are practicing parts of a(n):
b. Emergency action plan.
You enter the mechanical room and find a
maintenance worker lying on his back on the
floor next to a ladder. You check the scene and
determine it is safe to enter. During your primary assessment, you find the victim is unconscious but breathing. You must leave to get help, what should
you do?
a. Move him into the H.A.IN.E.S. position.
Which of the following is true if the manager of
the facility has assigned you as the only lifeguard conducting patron surveillance?
a. You have been assigned to total coverage.
Which of the following pieces of equipment need to be easily accessible for emergency use:
b. Backboard, AED
A technique to minimize movement for a victim
with a suspected head, neck or spinal injury who is face-down, at the surface and in water less than 3 feet deep is the:
b. Head splint technique.
If three lifeguards are on duty, when does emergency back-up coverage take place?
c. When a lifeguard enters the water for a rescue.
Which of the following is the least important for a safe group visit to a pool?
c. Ensuring there are multiple activities planned
for the group
While caring for someone with a suspected spinal injury, what order do you secure the straps on a backboard?
d. Upper chest, hips, thighs
It is the primary responsibility of facility
management to provide all but which of
the following?
d. Educating patrons about and enforcing
facility rules
The hazard communication standard includes
having MSDS information available. What is
included in this information?
b. Contains information about what type of
chemicals that are in use at the facility
If a patron dives into the shallow end of the lap pool, what would make you suspect she has a head, neck or spinal injury?
c. Blood in the ears and nose.
What does RICE stand for?
Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevate
What does SAMPLE stand for?
Signs and Symptoms, Allergies, Medications, Past medical history, Last oral intake, Events leading up to incident
What does LOC stand for?
Level of Consciousness
CPR Should be performed on a victim who is…
In Cardiac Arrest. An unconscious victim with an obstructed airway has similar steps but the process is not called CPR
C.A.B. What does it stand for and when is it used?
Circulation, Airway, Breathing.
Chest compressions (30). Airway (open). Breaths (2)
Used for CPR
Rate of chest compressions during CPR?
100 BPM (Roughly the tempo of the song “Staying Alive” by the BeeGees. Ironically, it is also the tempo of “Another One Bites The Dust” by Queen.
You are performing CPR when a second lifeguard arrives. What is most appropriate for the second lifeguard to do first?
Check to see whether EMS personell have been called.
After an AED says “No Shock Advised,” it is best to…
Perform CPR for about 2 minutes.
Adult chest compressions, how do you position your hands?
Heel of one hand on the center of the chest with the other hand on top.
As the only lifeguard performing CPR on an 7-year old, you would perform cycles of…
30 chest compressions and 2 ventilations.
The cycle of chest compressions and ventilations in two-rescuer CPR for an infant is…
15 chest compressions and 2 ventilations.
Hand placement for CPR for an:
Adult, Child, Infant
Adult and child: Heel of one hand in center of chest (on lower half of sternum) with the other hand on top
Infant: 2-3 fingers on center of chest (just below nipple line)
Process of using AED
Turn on machine. Apply the pads. Plug into machine. Follow instructions. CPR should continue during the setup.
Child is choking (conscious). After activating EAP and getting consent from the parents, what should you do next? What about someone unconscious?
Stand or kneel behind the victim and give 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts.
For unconscious do CPR.
Depth of chest compression for CPR for an:
Adult, Child, Infant
Adult and child: 2 inches
Infant: 1.5 inches
To ensure effective chest compressions during CPR, what should be noted?
The chest is able to fully recoil between compressions.
You are performing CPR on a victim when you notice the chest begins to rise and fall. What do you do first?
Stop CPR and reassess the victim’s breathing and pulse. If the breathing is not regular, continue CPR as though no breathing were present.
When giving a primary ventilation to an adult who is unconscious and not breathing, you notice the chest is not rising. What should you do next?
Re-tilt the head and attempt another ventilation.
You are giving ventilations through a resuscitation mask, and the victim vomits. What should you do?
Turn the victim as a unit onto his or her side. H.A.IN.E.S.
Time it takes to administer a rescue breath?
1 second
Adult is unconscious with a pulse but is not breathing, what rate should you perform rescue breathing at? Child? Infant?
1 ventilation every 5 seconds for adults. 1 every 3 seconds for children and infants.
You pull an adult from the water. After a primary assessment, you conclude the victim has a pulse but is breathing irregularly. What should you do first?
Give 2 initial ventilations. To clear airway of any water.
A victim is having a seizure in the water. What should you do?
Support the victim with his or her head above water until the seizure ends.
How can you protect yourself from possible bloodborne pathogens when treating a victim?
Use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as disposable gloves and a breathing barrier.
What is the universal sign that a person is choking?
Clutching the throat.
Steps of the Chain of Survival?
- Immediate recognition of cardiac arrest and activation of the emergency response system
- Early cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with an emphasis on chest compressions
- Rapid defibrillation
- Effective advanced life support
- Integrated post-cardiac arrest care
You must keep checking a victim’s LOC in a secondary assessment. What does LOC stand for?
Level of Consciousness
When providing care to a conscious infant who is choking, what part of the hand would you use to give chest thrusts?
Two or Three fingers.
When immobilizing an injured patron’s arm…
Leave the arm in the position you find it or in the position the victim is holding it.
A boy clutches at his chest and has problems breathing. After obtaining consent for care, his mom informs you that he has asthma, but he does not have his inhaler nearby. What care should you provide?
Call EMS and place the victim in a position that helps breathing.
A patron cuts her leg on the bleachers and is bleeding severely. You can tell she may be in shock because she may…
Becomes restless and irritable
What should you do when first approaching the scene of an emergency?
Size up the scene, make sure it is safe for you to interact.
You are providing care for a victim having a heart attack. What should you do first?
Summon EMS Personell.
When preparing to place AED pads you see:
medicine patch, piercings, pregnant, chest hair, body too small for pads so risk of pads touching.
What should you do in each situation?
Remove patch using gloved hand. Work around the piercings. Avoid placing pad over baby bump. Shave chest hair. Place pads on the chest and on the back.
A victim has slurred speech, cannot lift their right arm level with the left, is unable to smile and half her face is drooping. What would you assume has happened?
A stroke.
A victim appears to be having a diabetic emergency. What should you do?
Give them something sweet to drink
H.A.IN.E.S. What does it stand for and when is it used?
High Arm IN Endangered Spine. It is used when a victim with a possible spinal injury begins to throw up.
F.A.S.T. What does it stand for and what is it used to ID?
Facial drooping, Arm weakness, Speech difficulties, Time.
Used to ID Stroke
R.I.C.E. What does it stand for and when is it used?
Rest. Immobilize. Cold. Elevate.
Used for musculoskeletal injuries (broken bones, sprained joint)
S.A.M.P.L.E. What does it stand for and when is it used?
Signs and Symptoms. Allergies. Medication. Past medical history. Last oral intake (food, meds, drinks, last thing person ingested), Events leading up to incident.
Used for patient assessment.
How to do head and chin support?
One hand on chin and arm on chest, other hand on back of head and arm under back. squeezing forearms together to secure victim.
How to do in-line stabilization?
Put the victims arms straight up above the head and squeeze together around the biceps
Steps for deep water submerged victim.
- EAP
- “Submerged victim, call EMS, get backboard”
- Compact or stride entry
- release tube
- grasp with one arm, use other to pull yourself up using strap
- put tube between, swim backwards to land
Steps for Active victim
- EAP
- “Active victim on the surface”
- Compact or stride entry
- (forward facing victim) Push tube to victim with both arms, turn around, push forward to land.
- (rear facing victim) Grasp under armpits and over, swim backwards to land.
Steps for Passive Victim
- EAP
- “Passive victim, call EMS, get backboard”
- Compact or stride entry
- (face down) place tube between, grab under armpits and over, roll under victim getting face out of water, swim backwards to land.
- (face up) go under, place tube between, grab under armpits and over, swim backwards to land
- secondary holds hands in a crossed position (victim facing forward) and primary gets out
- put backboard in and flip victim on and remove from water
Steps for Deep Water Submerged Spinal
- EAP
- “Possible spinal, submerged victim, call EMS, need secondary, get backboard.”
- Slide in entry
- Release and completely remove rescue tube
- Put victim into “in-line stabilization”
- Secondary place tube under primary’s arms
- Backboard placed under victim, tubes placed near the legs and head
- Change from in-line stabilization to head and chin support (under the backboard)
- Primary comes to the head and stabilizes victim with two hands on sides of head
- Secondary and Tertiary strap victim down (under arms, over arms, over legs)
- put in head immobilizers
- place backboard on edge.
- primary out, secondary out (only if there are 3 LGs) and pull victim out
(Communication is key!!)
(Everyone should have a tube under them)
Steps for shallow water spinal
- EAP
- “Possible spinal, victim on surface, call EMS, need secondary and backboard.”
- slide in entry
- (face down) in-line stabilization or “head and chin” support, turn onto arm WHILE moving forward.
- (face up) in-line stabilization
- Backboard placed under victim, tubes placed near the legs and head
- Change from in-line stabilization to head and chin support (under the backboard)
- Primary comes to the head and stabilizes victim with two hands on sides of head
- Secondary and Tertiary strap victim down (under arms, over arms, over legs)
- put in head immobilizers
- place backboard on edge.
- primary out, secondary out (only if there are 3 LGs) and pull victim out
(Communication is key!!)