What is the distance a worker needs to maintain from power lines?
10ft
What does the severity of electric shock depend on?
Path of current, amount of current, duration of exposure
True or false: electrical current as low as 75 milliamps can cause death?
True
What are some examples of surcharge loads?
Spoils pile and equip being too close to walls
What is the correct extension cord for construction?
3 wire type designed for hard or extra hard use
True or false: Exposed metal parts of equipment should be grounded
True
How does a gfci protect against electrical shock?
Detects the difference in current between the black and white wires
How can overloaded circuit hazards be controlled?
Through the use of electrical protective devices
What are some examples of electrical protective devices?
Gfcis, fuses, circuit breakers
What is static electricity?
An electric charge that cannot move
How wide must the platform of a scaffold be?
18 inches
The platform of a scaffold must be capable of supporting its weight and __ times the maximum load.
Four
The ropes or wires used in suspension scaffolds must be capable of supporting __ times the load.
Six
What should be used to restrain supported scaffold platforms from tipping?
Guys, ties, or braces
What is Fall Prevention?
The process, equipment, and methods used to actually prevent a fall from occurring.
What is fall protection?
The process, equipment, and methods used to protect a worker once a fall has occurred.
The top edge height of a guardrail should be _ in. above the walking/working surface.
42 +/- 3
What are some common hazards associated with hot work?
-Health hazards (air contaminants from welding operations [iron oxide, zinc, beryllium, copper], burns, burns to the eyes from flashes)
-Physical hazards (tripping from hoses)
-fires and explosions (igniting gases, improper storage)
What are some controls for the hazards created when performing hot work?
Protect or remove fire hazards in the area, confine heat, sparks, and slag, fire extinguishing equipment available, ventilation
What are some common electrical hazards?
Exposed electrical parts, overhead power lines, inadequate wiring, defective or damaged cords and wires, improper use of flexible cords, improper grounding, overloaded circuits
What are some controls utilized for electrical hazards?
What are some common hazards associated with excavations?
Weight (nearby vehicles/equipment), vibration, underground utilities, water and soil erosion.
What is a surcharge load?
The spoils pile and the equipment being too close to the vertical walls of the trench.
What are some common controls used to mitigate excavation hazards?
Sloping, shoring, shields, rpe designed protective systems, soil classification.
What are some common hazards associated with working at heights?
slipping, unsafe access, lack of fall protection, scaffold collapse, bad planking, unguarded edges,
What are some controls to mitigate hazards when working at heights?
Fall prevention equipment, guardrails, positioning device system, warning line systems, controlled access zone, safety monitoring system, personal fall arrest system, safety net system
What are some common hazards associated with working in confined spaces?
What are some common hazards associated with material storage?
Improperly stacked materials, poor housekeeping, slips trips and falls, falling material, sliding material, weight limit or height limit exceed
What are some common controls to mitigate material storage hazards?
observe height limits, remove all nails from used lumber, stack lumber, store pipe in racks, stack loose bricks no more than 7 ft in height
The platform of a scaffold must be fully planked or decked with no more than _ in. gap.
1
What are some common hazards associated with housekeeping?
tripping over loose objects on floors, stairs and platforms, being hit by falling objects, slipping on greasy, wet, or dirty surfaces, striking against projecting, poorly stacked items or misplaced material, cutting, puncturing, or tearing the skin of hands or other parts of the body on projecting nails, wire, o steel strapping. fuel for fire
What are some common controls to mitigate poor housekeeping practices?
dust control, clear clutter, store materials properly, replace damaged flooring, keep aisles and exits clear, install mirrors and warning signs, clean up spills, store combustible materials in the work area in small amounts and keep in safe storage
What are some common hazards associated with powder actuated tools?
inadvertent firing, failure to fasten properly, failure to operate properly when loaded, fires, injury to bystanders, tool jam, material spills
What are some controls to mitigate the hazards associated with powder actuated tools?
Visually inspect prior to use, proper training, use recommended charges, if possible fire a test round, wear proper eye protection, do not refire
What are some common hazards associated with hand and power tools?
misuse and improper maintenance, falling flying abrasive, and splashing objects or exposure to harmful dusts, fumes, mists, vapors, or gases, wooden handles becoming loose and flying off,
What are some controls to mitigate hazards associated with hand and power tools?
Keep all tools in good condition with regular maintenance, use the right tool for the job, examine each tool for damage before use, operate all tools according to the manufacturer’s instructions, provide and use the proper ppe
What are some common hazards associated with asbestos exposure?
inhalation of fibers, insulation, floor tiles, vehicle brakes, – buildup of scar like tissue in the lungs – disability or death
What are some controls to mitigate asbestos exposure?
Employee exposure monitoring, training, regulate areas, control work practices, ppe,
What are some common hazards associated with lead exposure?
Lead dust or fumes cause brain disorders, anemia, nerve disorders, high blood pressure, kidney disorders, reproductive disorders, decreased red blood cells, slowed reflexes. Lead exposure may take place in demo, salvage, removal, renovation, and cleanup
What are some common controls to mitigate lead exposure?
Air monitoring, mechanical ventilation, administrative controls, ppe, respiratory protection
What are some common hazards associated with noise exposure?
chipping, hammering, grinding, drilling, generator, heavy equipment, processes – cause hearing loss, impairment, temporary or permanent
What are some common controls to mitigate hazards created by noise?
Hearing protection, lo/to, training, hearing conservation program, identify hearing protection zones, separate noisy work area, sound absorbing material, limit exposure, avoid metal to metal contact, keep equipment well maintained, identify areas that require hearing protection
What is ionizing radiation?
Radiation with enough energy to detach electrons from atoms or molecules
What is non-ionizing radiation?
A series of energy waves composed of oscillating electric and magnetic fields traveling at the speed of light.
What are some common hazards associated with ionizing radiation?
x-rays, industrial radiography (profile gauge), nuclear power plants, radon in soil,
What are some common controls to mitigate the hazards associated with ionizing radiation?
time, distance, and shielding
What are some common hazards associated with non-ionizing radiation?
Sun, black light, welding arcs, uv lasers, excessive light, furnaces, welding, lasers, incandescent bulbs, ovens, televisions, and some radars
What are some common controls to mitigate non-ionizing radiation hazards?
Solid materials to block the sun, sunscreen, enclosures, filters, distance
What are some common hazards associated with silica exposure?
hazards created when cutting, sawing, sanding, drilling, or crushing concrete, stone, rock, brick, mortar; sanding or drilling into concrete walls, manufacturing bricks, stone counter tops, concrete blocks – kidney disease, silicosis, pulmonary disease, lung cancer
What are some controls utilized to mitigate hazards associated with silica exposure?
What are some common controls to mitigate chemical exposure?
Safe material handling, proper storage, GHS, proper disposal, regular inspection of processes, eliminate the chemicals, move workers away from the area where chemicals are used/stored, provide ppe, lockout tagout equipment that could expose workers to chemicals
What are some common controls for mitigating the hazards create by extreme temperatures?
observance and adherence to the wind chill factor, proper ppe, proper nutrition, fluid replacement, work/rest cycles, layered clothing, buddy system, light clothing, avoid caffeine and alcohol, training, heavies work in coolest part of the day. understand signs and symptoms of heat related disorders, air conditioning, ventilation, fans,
What are some common hazards associated with vibration and impact exposures?
grinders, saws, chipping hammers, sanders, pavement breakers, impact wrenches all can cause hand arm vibration injury. white finger
What are some common controls to mitigate hazards created by vibration and impact exposures?
anti-vibration tools, anti-vibration gloves, rest period, proper tool maintenance, proper tool for the job, continuous exposure
What is the Globally Harmonized System (GHS)?
The ensurement that the hazards of all chemicals produced or imported are evaluated and that information concerning their hazards is transmitted to employers and employees.
How does the GHS transmit information?
Through comprehensive haz com programs, container labeling, and other forms of warning, sds, and employee training
What are the components of the hierarchy of controls?
Elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative, ppe
How can the hierarchy of controls be incorporated into the design of a building?
The designer of the building can attempt to eliminate or minimize the hazards rather than accepting their existence.
What are some risks associated with multiple trades working simultaneously?
space limitations, congestion, communication issues, overlapping of workers, hazard exposure, disagreements, emergency evacuation issues, housekeeping, material storage
What is ergonomics?
The scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data, and methods to design in order to optimize human well being and overall system performance.
What is the NIOSH lifting equation?
RWL = LC x HM x VM x DM x AM x FM x CM
What is the recommended weight limit (RWL)?
The weight of the load that nearly all healthy workers could perform over a substantial period (up to 8 hours) without an increased risk of developing lifting related injury
What is the lifting index?
The ratio between the weight of the object and the RWL
What are some ergonomically safe techniques to apply on a construction site?
Engineer lifting out of operations, bring objects closer to workers, stack materials, vertical storage, safe material handling – get help, mechanical assistance
How often should hard hats be visually inspected?
Daily – for cracks, torn, frayed suspension, deformed cracked or perforated brims or shells, flaking gloss
When should hearing protection be used?
Noise level above 85 dba
When should eye protection be provided?
When there is a potential for injury to the eyes or face from flying particles, molten metal, liquid chemicals, acids, caustic liquids.
True or False: Eye and face PPE shall be clearly marked to facilitate manufacturer identification.
True
What standards must eye protection comply with?
ANSI Z87
What is the permissible exposure limit for noise exposure in an 8 hour twa?
90 decibels
When is hearing protection required on a construction site?
Whenever it is not feasible to reduce noise exposure within the PEL
When should respirators be used?
-where exposure levels exceed the PEL
What is the standard for head protection (criteria)?
ANSI Z89
True or False: Employees working near water must be provided with life vests.
True
How much line needs to be available on the ring buoys present for emergency rescue?
90ft
What does a 4x meter test for?
Hydrogen sulfide, oxygen, carbon monoxide, and lel
What is grab sampling?
It can be performed using direct reading instruments or a known volume of air collected in a container and sent to a lab
What is personal sampling?
An employee wears a sampling device to evaluate worker exposure
What is area sampling?
Sampling device stationary inside a room
What is integrated sampling?
Collecting one or more personal air samples in order to estimate the workers 8 hour time weighted average exposure
How often should portable fire extinguishers be visually inspected?
Monthly
How often should portable fire extinguishers be serviced?
Annually
What are the five classifications of fire?
Class A, B, C, D, K
What is a class A fire?
ordinary combustibles
What is class b fire?
flammable liquids gases, solvents, oil, synthetic, oil based products
What is Class C fire?
electrical
What is class D fire?
combustible metals
What is class K fire?
cooking oils
What are the four classes of fire extinguishers?
Class A, B, C, D
Use a Class A extinguisher for?
ordinary combustibles
Use a class b extinguisher for?
flammable liquids, grease, gasoline, and oil
use a class c extinguisher for?
electrical fires
use a class d extinguisher for?
flammable metals
True or False: Most fire extinguishers will undergo hydrostatic testing every 5 or 12 years.
True
What are the minimum components of emergency action plans?
means of reporting fires and other emergencies, evacuation procedures and emergency escape route assignments, procedures for employees who remain to operate critical plant operations, accounting for all employees after an evac has been completed, rescue and medical duties for employees performing them, the preferred means of reporting name or job titles of persons to be contacted
What are some common elements of response plans for environmental hazards?
True or False: First aid supplies shall be easily accessible when required.
True
T or F: The contents of a first aid kit shall be placed in a weatherproof container with individual sealed pachages for each type of item and checked before being sent out and weekly.
True
In areas where 911 is not available, the telephone numbers of the physicians, hospitals, or ambulances shall be conspicuously posted.
True
Provisions shall be made prior to commencement of the rpoject for prompt medical attention in case of serious injury
True
Employers must ensure that either medical treatment for injured employees is in near proximity or that a person in the workplace is adequately trained to render first aid.
True or False: When an employer is unable to contact an ambulance service, the employer must provide equipment for the prompt transportation of an injured person
True
On worksites where employees may be exposed to corrosive materials the employer is not required to provide suitable facilities for the quick drenching or flushing of eyes.
False
What are some training delivery methods?
Instructor led training, Self-paced learning, structured on the job training
What is instructor led training?
material presented by an instructor typically in the classroom
what is self paced learning?
student learns at their own pace (computer based training modules)
what is structured on the job training?
typically done by a supervisor who acts a coach or guide in the training. Establish clear set of goals and objectives
True or False: Adult learners are autonomous and self-directed, have a foundation of life experiences and knowledge, are goal oriented are practical in nature and need to be shown respect.
True
True or False: A training needs analysis is the first step in developing a training program.
True
True or False: Pretests are administered prior to the presentation of course information and are designed to provide the starting point of knowledge.
True
What does training program development include?
performance analysis, instructional design, materials acquisistion, training delivery, evaluation
What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem, self-actualization
What is Mcgregor’s theory x?
Negative outlook on people. main source of motivation is monetary and then security.
What is maslow’s theory y?
employees are otivated primarily at the esteem and self actualization levels.
Herzberg Motivational Theory
identifying and satisfying needs, desires, and aims. motivation split into hygiene and motivation factors
