ATI CRITICAL THINKING /CRITICAL THINKING ATI PROCTORED EXAM LATEST VERSION 2022-2023 | REAL EXAM QUESTIONS

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Inference
A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning

interpretation
to understand, comprehend, identify problems, clarify, decipher and decode.

analysis
To examine ideas, analyze arguments, make comparisons, and categorize, organize and prioritize.

Evaluation
To assess the credibility, significance,and relevance of information necessary to support the conclusions; and to asses the information for biases, stereotypes, cliches or inappropriateness.

Self-regulation
to monitor, reflect, question and adjust ones own thinking processes as appropriate.

Interpretation questions:
-Comprehend the information
-Explain the meaning of a statement

Interpretation question 1:

A company’s policy states that employees may take two weeks vacation after they have reached their seventh anniversary with the company. This means that:

a. employees must work for the company at least seven years before they may take two weeks vacation

b. employees who have works for the company at least 7 years take two weeks vacation

c. if the employee take two weeks vacation, they have worked for the company for 7 years

d. all employees take 2 weeks vacation after working for the company7 years.

Correct: A

b is incorrect because it some may not want to

c is incorrect because they may worked longer than 7

d is incorrect because they may want to

interpretation question 2:

Consider the statement: If it is made of glass, it may break. Which statement provides the best interpretation?

a. If it does not break it is not glass.

b. Nothing breaks except glass

c. If it breaks, it is glass.

d. Glass can break.

correct answer is d.

a is incorrect because many things that do not break are not glass

b is incorrect because things do break that are not glass

c is incorrect because many things break that are not glass.

Analysis questions are looking for

anaylaze the pattern, sequence or relationship within the example.
-make comparison
-identify the best comparative relationship

Analysis question 1: Consider the following to determine which is the same as roses are red.

a. tree trunks are brown

b. carnations are white

c. bananas are yellow

d. leaves are green

Correct answer is b.

a is incorrect because a tree is not a flower.

c is incorrect because a fruit is not a flower

d is incorrect because a leaf is not a flower.

Analysis question 2: Consider the following. Which is the logical match? If B3E2H1, then:

a. A9D8G7

b. C1E2G3

c. A4E3H2

d. B7F6C4

Correct answer is a. BECAUSE the alphabet pattern is every 3rd letter and numbers decrease by 1.

b,c,d are incorrect because they don’t follow the pattern

Evaluation questions are asking for you to:
-Asses the credibility of the information source.
-prioritize from best to least
-select the best source of information from several options
-identify possible bias.

Evaluation question 1: You are given a prescription for a new drug to treat a long-standing health problem. How can you best determine the side effects that may be produced by this drug?

a. Take the drug until the side effects occur

b. Ask the physician who prescribed the drug

c. Consult another person who has taken the drug.

d. Read research studies related to the drug in question.

d is the correct answer

a is incorrect because side effects may or may not occur

b is incorrect because they may not be aware of all the side effects

c is incorrect because you aren’t the same as someone else

Evaluation Question 2: A politician states “scientists argue that global warming is occurring. They cite evidence regarding an upward trend in nighttime temps throughout the USA. However, I know that winters in the Midwest have been colder than normal over the past 2 years. Therefore, I say, global warming is not occurring.” The best evaluation of the politicians conclusion is that it:

a. proves there is a relationship between Midwest winters and global warming.

b. considers the importance of two successive cold winters in the Midwest

c. does not consider the relationship between global warming and the Midwest

d. does not consider scientific evidence about nighttime warming trends.

D is the correct answer.

a- no relationship between midwest winters and global warming has been proven

b/c-only Midwest is considered

Inference questions are looking for:

-draw accurate conclusions based on the data
-differentiate between conclusions that are logical and those are probable or possible

Inference question 1: A boy and girl are students. The night before every test, they both study and eat pizza. Which statement is true?

a. If the boy is studying, the girl is eating pizza.

b. If the boy eats pizza, there is a test the next day.

c. If the girl does not study, there is no test the next day.

d. If the girl eats pizza and the boy studies, there is a test the next day

c is the correct response.

a is incorrect because the boy studying does not infer that there is a test the next day

b is incorrect because the boy eating pizza does not infer that there is a test the next day

d is incorrect because the combo by both may not be occurring because their is a test the next day

Inference question 2: A woman concludes, “it is Saturday; therefore, children will be watching cartoons on the television.” Which of the following statements best describe the conclusion of the woman?

a. Good. Cartoons are the only shows available for children to watch on Saturday.

b. Good. Children watch cartoons on television because it is Saturday.

c. Faulty. Cartoons are the only shows children want to watch on Saturday.

d. Faulty. Children may wish to do something other than watch television.

d is the correct answer.

a is incorrect because other shows are available

b is incorrect because the day is not the reasoning of why they want to watch it

c is incorrect because they may want to watch other shows.

Explanation questions are looking for what from you

justify reasoning or conclusion in terms of context and evidnce
-draw conclustions
-make a decision based on facts

explanation question 1: A teacher believes strongly that students should not receive extra credit for written assignments, regardless of how well they are written. However, she gave extra credit to a student who had been ill, but turned in an extraordinary paper. How can this contradiction be best explained? The teacher:

a. felt sorry for the student because of the students recent illness

b. valued the quality of the students work more than her belief

c. was afraid other students would think poorly of her

d. has difficulty upholding her belief system

B is the correct answer.

a is incorrect because feeling sorry does not justify

c is incorrect because being afraid does not justify

d is incorrect because it does not show she is unable to uphold her beliefs

Explanation question 2: It is a hot summer day. A 6 year old child has been playing outside and riding her bike. When she comes in for lunch her face is red and she is warm and fussy. Her temp is normal. Which best explains what is happening to the child. The child:

a. is hungry and tired

b. is showing early signs or illness or infection

c. may be responding to weather and activity.

d. needs immediate medical care

the correct answer is c

a – there is no information to support

b-no information to support

d-no data to support this need

Self-regulation questions are looking for you to:

-examine one views with sensitivity to the possible influence of personal bias or self-interest.

Self-regulation question 1: You are trying to make a decision about the best policy to implement regards sick leave for your staff. In order to make the best decision, you should:

a. implement the policy that most closely resembles that of a nearby company

b. consider the costs and benefits to both the company and employees

c. choose the policy that costs the company the least amount of money

d. find out which policy is favored by the majority of employees

the correct answer is b

a- does not show impartial judgement

c-does not show impartial judgement

d-only shows impartial judgment to employees not company

Self-regulation question 1: 2 students have applied for selection for residency in a college dorm, but there is only one space for one student. In order for the dorm admission to make the best choice, the counselor should:

a. choose the student with an ethnic background similar to those already living there

b. allow students currently living there to pick

c. use past personal experience with similar students to guide them

d. consider each applicant using the same set of selection criteria

correct answer is d

a is incorrect because racial bias

b is incorrect because students will be bias

c is incorrect because personal bias

Six friends are seated in a restaurant across a rectangular table. There are 3 chairs on each side. Adam and Dorky do not have anyone sitting on their right and Clyde and Benjamin do not have anyone sitting on their left. Adam and Benjamin are not sitting on the same side of the table.

If Ethan is not sitting next to Dorky, who is seated immediately to the left of Felix?

a. Benjamin

b. Dorky

c. Adam

d. Cyde

If i go down to the pond today, the only birds I will see are swans. What is the best assumption?

a. There will be no ducks at the pond.

b. All swans are white

c. There will be swans at the pond today.

Correct answer is A.

b-no color is stated

c-does not say there will always be swans.

Scientific studies have discovered a link between chewing gum and better performance when it comes to tests. Research shows that this is because the act of chewing gum correlates with heightened activity in the hippocampus- the region of the brain which handles memory. When activity in the hippocampus is increases, it appears though the ability to recall memories is strengthened. which of the following inferences can be made?

a. Chewing gum causes heightened activity in the hippocampus

b. There is a correlation between chewing gum and better recollection of memories

c. Students who chew gum will perform worse in exams than students who do not.

Correct response is B.

a- insufficient data- correlation/causation

c-there is a link of doing better, no link that it makes you do worse.

At the beginning of Sept 2015, the govt launched a program to improve learning at A-level across the country. The goal w to improve A-level results between A and C students scoring between a C and an A in their A-level rose from50% in 2015 to 75% in 2016. The number of students scoring U had dropped from 15% to 12% and between E and D scored were down from 45% to a meager 13%. which of the following interpretations is true?

a. The govt has been successful in this program

b. The govt’s goals have been achieved or exceeded

c. Students who would’ve likely achieved between a D or an E were now achieving a to C

correct answer is b (goal was met)

a-doesn’t mean the program causes high improvement

c-does not follow- students in different year just may have been more capable

Some objects with four wheels are cars. All cars posses a steering wheel. This object has four wheels but no steering wheel. Therefore:

a. this object is a car

b. this object is not a car

c. this object is a bike

correct response is b.

a-only some object with four wheels is car, and does not meet all the steering wheels

c-bikes have 2 wheels

Should private schools be taxed more heavily to pay for state school pupils meals? Which argument is accurate?

a. Yes-those children are going hungry!

b. No- Big businesses should be taxed instead of private schools. Taxing private schools would reduce their incentive to provide good service, and could lower quality of teaching.

c-No- We live in a free market and therefore private schools deserve the profits they make. That is just the way it is.

d. none

Correct answer none

a-emotional response

b- double standard.

c-descriptive and prescriptive claims.

A doctor gives a man 8 pills and tells him to take one every 3 hours, starting now. If the man does as he is told, how long will it be until he has take all of the pills?

a. 18

b.21

c.24

d.32

What is the 10th number in this sequence? 5,11,17,23,29,35,….

a.51

b.53

c.59

d.61

We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
Argument: Sam offered to buy Lee’s bike for $150 by paying Lee $25 a week, Lee would let Sam keep the bike at her house and ride it when and where she wanted. Both girls accepted.

Conclusion: Until Sam makes her final payment, Lee can ride the Bike.

Is the conclusion strong, weak or little to no evidence?

little to evidence

One hundred young adults in their 20s and 30s paid to participate in a recent speed dating event at a bar in a big city. At this event, education and occupation were the most commonly discussed topics among the speed daters, because young adults today view these topics as the most important for finding an ideal partner.

A majority of young adults had not previously discussed the topics of education and occupation with their previous potential partners.

a. True

b. Probably true

c.Insufficient Data

d. Probably false

e. False

d. Probably False

2500 people gathered to protest a proposed 1% increase in their state’s sales tax. The speakers at the protest spoke about not just lowering the sales tax but also lowering the state’s income tax. Several hundred counter-protesters also came to the protest. Some violent confrontations ensued, resulting in dozens of arrests.

The counter-protesters do not want the state’s income tax to be lowered.

a. True

b. Probably true

c.Insufficient Data

d. Probably false

e. False

b. probably true

Ms. White, who lives in a village in the countryside, was brought before the village’s court for the third time in the past six months due to not picking up after her dog. She pleaded innocence but was found guilty and fined $200, which she paid, as happened the previous two times.

There were two consecutive months during the past six months when Ms. White properly picked up after her dog.

a. True

b. Probably true

c.Insufficient Data

d. Probably false

e. False

Insufficient data

We forecast that the completion of supercomputers’ development will be followed by a shortage of people who know how to make use of all this computing power.

Proposed Assumption:It’s only a matter of time until the development of supercomputers will be completed.

a.assumption made

b. assumption not made

bout 330 marketing professionals attended this year’s Media Innovations Forum. This indicates that social media engagement is a substantial feature of brand marketing plans.

Proposed Assumption: The extent of attendance in professional media forums is not negligible.

a.made

b. not made

made

Ethics committee member: “This person was the proctor at the exam during which the two students were caught allegedly cheating. Yet, she claims to recognize the student who gave the answers but not the student who was getting the answers. Therefore, the proctor’s testimony should be excluded.”

Proposed Assumption:If a proctor claims to recognize both parties involved in cheating, then the proctor’s testimony should be included.

a. Made

b. Not made

All Real Estate assets are either very large or located in central areas but not both. While no apartment is without air-conditioning, all air-conditioned RE assets are substantial.

RE Assets that are located in central areas are not apartments.

a. conclusion follows

b. Conclusion does not follow

Conclusion follows

Bonds and stocks are both securities, which differ in that stockholders bought and own a share in the company, whereas bondholders lend money to company owners. Another difference is that bonds have a defined term, after which the bond is redeemed by the owners, whereas stocks may be outstanding indefinitely. I invested money in company C’s stocks.

I didn’t lend money to company C.

a. conclusion follows

b. conclusion does not follow

conclusion does not follow

All plastic bags make noise. Nevertheless, not all plastic bags are reusable.

Some noisy plastic bags are reusable.

a.conclusion follow

b.conclusion does not follow

conclusion does not follow

In a certain recycling company that generously rewarded workers for each new client they brought in, it was found that 15 percent of the workers brought in three or more new clients last year. Among workers who had bribed clients to get their business, 25 percent brought in three or more new clients last year.

The workers who had not used bribes earned more money than those who did because the bribers also lost money in bringing in clients.

a.conclusion follow

b.conclusion does not follow

conclusion does not follow

No one has ever proven that babies who are slow to gain weight in the first few months of their lives generally don’t catch up to their peers by age 13.

Babies who are slow to gain weight usually catch up with their 13-year-old peers.

a.conclusion follow

b.conclusion does not follow

conclusion does not follow

When I go to work in the morning, I usually leave my house at 7:00 am and take the bus into the city. However, on rare occasions, I stay overnight at my aunt’s house and take the underground to work.

My workplace is in the city.

a.conclusion follow

b.conclusion does not follow

conclusion does not follow

Should the US government welfare program exchange the current food stamps system, which act like cash, for a list of approved foods?

No. While fraudulent schemes using food stamps are well known and can therefore be prevented, the fraudulent schemes that will undoubtedly be used with a list of approved foods are unknown and cannot be prevented.

a. strong

b. weak

strong

Should employees who have over five years of experience in the company be bound by law to give employers advance notice of 60 days upon resignation?

No. Labor laws such as this one that protects employers discourage employees, making them less efficient in the workplace.

a. strong

b. weak

Strong

Should the government close aging and polluting power stations even if the result is more energy imports?

No, importing is highly expensive, and the world-wide financial crisis has had a major impact on the government’s ability to pay for such expensive schemes.

a. strong

b. weak

strong

Statement: James is a human rights activist who was fined £60 on three different days during the past month for smoking in public at his workplace. On each of the occasions, he admitted to the act peacefully, telling policemen that he is unwilling to conform with such a breach of people’s right to privacy. James paid the three fines shortly after receiving them.

Inference: James has spent at least a couple hundreds of pounds in his struggle to oppose violation of civil liberties this year.

True

Probably True

Insufficient Data

Probably False

False

Probably true

Statement: Complaints were raised against the town’s sole French teacher for using her monopoly to charge more than her late predecessor. In fact, however, she does not earn more money on each lesson than she would have before, because she lives out of town and her fee reflects higher transportation costs than those of her predecessor, who lived in town.

Proposed Assumption: Service providers who spend more on transportation are more expensive.

Assumption Made

Assumption Not Made

Assumption not made

Statement: Some citizens pay taxes. Many citizens receive income support.

Conclusion: More citizens receive income support than citizens who pay taxes.

Conclusion follows

Conclusion does not follow

conclusion does not follow

(Citizens = A, pay taxes = B, receive income support = C.According to the premises, (A+B)some, and (A+C)many.
The conclusion states (A+C) > (A+B).)

Text: In the years 2011-12, 32% of pupils entitled to free school meals (an indicator of low socioeconomic status) achieved five GCSE passes at grade C or above. This is compared to 65% of pupils who were not entitled to free school meals.

Conclusion: Most of the pupils who were not entitled to a free school meal achieved five GCSE passes at grade C or above.

Conclusion follows

Conclusion does not follow

Conclusion follows

Question: Should parents put their children in preparation courses for gifted tests, in order for them to reach their full potential?

Argument: Yes; parents are responsible for their children’s future and should do whatever they can to help them succeed in life.

Strong argument

Weak argument

Weak

Josie’s English teacher gives her class a vocabulary quiz every Wednesday, and Josie has never done well on any of the quizzes. What can Josie do to improve her score on the next vocabulary quiz?

a. Look over her past quizzes to see what she missed.

b. Set aside more time during the week to review the material for the quiz.

c. Get to class on early Wednesday and briefly look over the chapters.

d. Get a good night’s sleep.

You read a story online about salary negotiations with public school bus drivers. The drivers have planned a strike for next week. What can you assume from this news story?

a. Parents should find an alternative way to get their kids to school next week.

b. the premiums must be over-priced.

c. Collective bargaining is no longer a feasible solution.

d. Their employers are being unreasonable.

A recent survey showed that residents in Alaska are happier than residents in Hawaii. What reasonable conclusion can be drawn from this evidence?

a. People in Hawaii dislike living on an island.

b. Colder climates induce more happiness than warmer climates.

c. The high scores on the Alaska survey were produced by people who enjoy snow.

d. People in Hawaii should move to Alaska.

What is the root of the problem?

a. Jenny’s credit card was declined at the mall.

b. Jenny’s bank keeps charging her $30 overdraft fees.

c. Jenny’s check bounced when she attempted to purchase a new TV.

d. Jenny spends more money than she makes.

Which of the following is an invalid argument?

a. Lori has thirty cans of soda in a refrigerator in her garage and another fourteen sitting on the counter. Lori does not have anymore cans of soda. Therefore, Lori has 44 cans of soda.

b. The accounting department loves math. My friend works in the accounting department. My friend loves math.

c. Everyone southbound on the freeway yesterday was late to work. Jackie was southbound on the freeway. Jackie was late to work.

d. Adrian lives in either Springfield, California, or Springfield, Illinois. If he lives in Illinois, then he is an American.

Should companies downsize their workforces to decrease expenses and maximise profits?

Yes; downsizing will protect the company from bankruptcy in hard economic times.

a.Strong

b.Weak

weak

Should companies downsize their workforces to decrease expenses and maximise profits?

Yes; companies have no obligation to employ more people than it can handle.

a.Strong

b.Weak

weak

Should companies downsize their workforces to decrease expenses and maximise profits?

No; downsizing leads to demoralisation of the workforce and causes a drop in employee productivity.

a.strong

b.weak

strong

Should companies downsize their workforces to decrease expenses and maximise profits?

Yes, companies which have no control over the size of their workforce will be highly vulnerable to economic climates and market changes.

a.strong

b.weak

weak

Should university-level education be free to all students?

No. Too much education can lead to over-qualification, and therefore unemployment.

a.Strong

b.Weak

weak

should university-level education be free to all students?

Yes, having a highly qualified workforce ensures high levels of employee productivity in organisations

a.Strong

b.Weak

strong

should university-level education be free to all students?

No, research has shown that students that are not required to pay tuition fees slack off more and learn less during their degree.

a. strong

b.weak

strong

Should employers allow all staff the option of flexi-time working hours?

Yes, giving staff greater flexibility will improve their work-life balance, and therefore their productivity.

a.strong

b.weak

strong

Should employers allow all staff the option of flexi-time working hours?

Yes, organisations that value their staff are on average more productive and show lower staff turnover.

a.strong

b.weak

weak

Should employers allow all staff the option of flexi-time working hours?

No, flexi time leads to employees working fewer hours. Working fewer hours will decrease an employee’s exposure to the workplace, making career progression harder and leading to a less experienced workforce.

a.strong

b.weak

strong

Should governments implement a minimum wage, outlining a minimum amount an employee is to be paid per hour?

Yes, the existence of minimum wages is a key part of a civilised society.

a.strong

b.weak

weak

Should governments implement a minimum wage, outlining a minimum amount an employee is to be paid per hour?

Yes, countries that do not have a minimum wage are often impoverished and dysfunctional.

a.strong

weak

Should governments implement a minimum wage, outlining a minimum amount an employee is to be paid per hour?

No, minimum wage leads to under-employment by forcing companies to take on staff part time, as they cannot afford to hire them on a full time basis.

a.strong

b.weak

strong

Should banks and financial institutions be obligated to engage in socially-responsible investing?

Yes, engaging in socially responsible investing leads to a happier and more fulfilled workforce compared to banks which do not engage in socially-responsible investing.

a.strong

b.weak

strong

Should banks and financial institutions be obligated to engage in socially-responsible investing?

No, banks are for-profit institutions and have no obligation to social issues.

a.strong

weak

Should banks and financial institutions be obligated to engage in socially-responsible investing?

No, focusing on social responsibility detracts from the aim of making money, which is the most important endeavour for banks, and leads to a decrease in revenue and profit.

a.strong

b.weak

strong

Should banks and financial institutions be obligated to engage in socially-responsible investing?

No, over-regulation in the financial sector leads to decreased opportunities and therefore lower profits.

a.strong

weak

Should all members of the European Union join the Eurozone and adopt the euro?

No, countries may find it difficult to adapt to a new currency.

Strong Argument

Weak Argument

weak

Should all members of the European Union join the Eurozone and adopt the euro?

Yes, the function of the European Union is to form a single currency union.

Strong Argument

Weak Argument

weak

Should all members of the European Union join the Eurozone and adopt the euro?

Yes, greater economic unity between countries improves foreign relations between those member countries, which in turn makes each country stronger.

Strong Argument

Weak Argument

strong

Should all members of the European Union join the Eurozone and adopt the euro?

No, instability in one Eurozone country could cause the whole Eurozone to become unstable, disrupting the economies of all countries that use the euro.

Strong Argument

Weak Argument

strong

Should governments be engaging in space exploration research?

No, the money spent on these programs could be used to increase funding for education and healthcare, which would lead to increasing the quality of life for a country’s people.

Strong Argument

Weak Argument

strong

Should governments be engaging in space exploration research?

No, countries have collectively spent trillions of dollars on space exploration research already.

Strong Argument

Weak Argument

weak

Should governments be engaging in space exploration research?

Yes, space exploration has led to numerous discoveries and ushered in the space age.

Strong Argument

Weak Argument

weak

Should governments be engaging in space exploration research?

Yes, the findings of these space exploration research and development programmes have been successfully applied to industry, boosting the economies of the host country.

Strong Argument

Weak Argument

strong

The governments of monarchic nations are responsible for setting tax rates on their citizens.

Assumption Made

Assumption Not Made

assumption not made

Republican nations do not have a royal family.

Assumption Made

Assumption Not Made

assumption made

The only types of nation are monarchic and republican.

Assumption Made

Assumption Not Made

assumption not made

Monarchic nations, i.e. those with royal families, differ from republican nations in several ways. An example of this difference is that citizens of monarchic nations pay more tax than citizens of republican nations.
A monarchic nation cannot be a republican nation.
A.
Assumption Made
B.
Assumption Not Made
assumption made

In 2008, the President of the USA promised to prevent the country entering economic depression, but he failed because at the beginning of 2012, over 12 million USA citizens were unemployed.

Unemployment is an indicator of economic depression.

Assumption Made

Assumption Not Made

assumption made

In 2008, the President of the USA promised to prevent the country entering economic depression, but he failed because at the beginning of 2012, over 12 million USA citizens were unemployed.

The number of USA citizens out of work ought to be less than 12 million.

Assumption Made

Assumption Not Made

assumption made

In 2008, the President of the USA promised to prevent the country entering economic depression, but he failed because at the beginning of 2012, over 12 million USA citizens were unemployed.

Presidents should stick to their promises.

Assumption Made

Assumption Not Made

assumption note made

Chilean students were right in 2012 to stage protests demanding that university education in Chile should be made free.

Some Universities outside of Chile are free.

Assumption Made

Assumption Not Made

assumption made

Chilean students were right in 2012 to stage protests demanding that university education in Chile should be made free.

Staging protests will influence the costs of Chilean university education.

Assumption Made

Assumption Not Made

assumption note made

Chilean students were right in 2012 to stage protests demanding that university education in Chile should be made free.

Chilean students cannot afford to pay fees for university education.

Assumption Made

Assumption Not Made

assumption note made

Chilean students were right in 2012 to stage protests demanding that university education in Chile should be made free.

Chilean students want to attend university.

Assumption Made

Assumption Not Made

assumption note made

Charities don’t have to charge VAT to customers, which means charity bookshops can charge lower prices than those charged by second-hand bookshops which are not registered as a charity.

Charities pay less tax than non-charities.

Assumption Made

Assumption Not Made

assumption note made

Charities don’t have to charge VAT to customers, which means charity bookshops can charge lower prices than those charged by second-hand bookshops which are not registered as a charity.

Customers prefer to pay lower prices.

Assumption Made

Assumption Not Made

assumption notmade

Charities don’t have to charge VAT to customers, which means charity bookshops can charge lower prices than those charged by second-hand bookshops which are not registered as a charity.

VAT increases the price customers pay for things.

Assumption Made

Assumption Not Made

assumption made

n an attempt to cut expenses, an organisation disbanded its IT department and outsourced its IT function to a business process outsourcing company. In doing so the company has managed to save 20% on its IT function expenditure.

Outsourcing functions to business process outsourcing companies will cut expenses.

Conclusion Follows

Conclusion Does Not Follow

conclusion does not follow

In an attempt to cut expenses, an organisation disbanded its IT department and outsourced its IT function to a business process outsourcing company. In doing so the company has managed to save 20% on its IT function expenditure.

The aim of this company’s outsourcing was to make the organisation more profitable.

Conclusion Follows

Conclusion Does Not Follow

conclusion does not follow

The outsourced IT function has saved the organisation 1/5th on their IT function expenditure compared to the in-house IT function.

Conclusion Follows

Conclusion Does Not Follow

conclusion follows

Sarah owns a new company. New companies are more likely to fail than well-established companies. Therefore:

Sarah’s company will fail.

Conclusion Follows

Conclusion Does Not Follow

conclusion does not follw

Sarah owns a new company. New companies are more likely to fail than well-established companies. Therefore:

Sarah’s company is more likely to fail than a well-established company.

Conclusion Follows

Conclusion Does Not Follow

conclusion follows

Sarah owns a new company. New companies are more likely to fail than well-established companies. Therefore:

Well-established companies are more likely to succeed than new companies.

Conclusion Follows

Conclusion Does Not Follow

conclusion follows

Statistics have shown that companies selling baked goods, such as cakes and pastries, are more likely to be successful if they are advertised as French or Belgian. Therefore:

French and Belgian products are more expensive.

Conclusion Follows

Conclusion Does Not Follow

conclusion follows

Statistics have shown that companies selling baked goods, such as cakes and pastries, are more likely to be successful if they are advertised as French or Belgian. Therefore:

French and Belgian baked goods must taste better.

Conclusion Follows

Conclusion Does Not Follow

conclusion does not follow

Statistics have shown that companies selling baked goods, such as cakes and pastries, are more likely to be successful if they are advertised as French or Belgian. Therefore:

It is a sound business model to advertise baked goods as French or Belgian as it is more likely to result in successful sales.

Conclusion Follows

Conclusion Does Not Follow

conclusion follows

May 2012 had the highest level of rainfall on record for the preceding fifty years. Predictions of rainfall are rarely accurate. Therefore:

It rained more than expected in May 2012.

Conclusion Follows

Conclusion Does Not Follow

conclusion does not follow

May 2012 had the highest level of rainfall on record for the preceding fifty years. Predictions of rainfall are rarely accurate. Therefore:

The rainfall in May 2012 was greater than in May 2011.

Conclusion Follows

Conclusion Does Not Follow

conclusion follows

May 2012 had the highest level of rainfall on record for the preceding fifty years. Predictions of rainfall are rarely accurate. Therefore:

May is usually dry.

Conclusion Follows

Conclusion Does Not Follow

conclusion does not follow

Facebook was launched on the American stock market in May 2012. However, statistics suggest that other several previously high-performing companies, such as Pandora, Groupon and LinkedIn fell in value after they were launched on the American stock market. Therefore:

It is possible that Facebook will also drop in value after May 2012.

Conclusion Follows

Conclusion Does Not Follow

conclusion follows

Social networking sites perform badly once they become publicly listed on the stock market.

Conclusion Follows

Conclusion Does Not Follow

conclusion does not follow

All companies decrease in value when first launched on the American stock market.

Conclusion Follows

Conclusion Does Not Follow

conclusion does not follow

There are currently three problems facing the financial sector. Firstly, bankers are no longer seen as reliable or trustworthy. Secondly, executives of financial institutions are seen by the general public as being overpaid. Finally, it is difficult to regulate the financial sector. Therefore:

Banks have never been trusted by the general public.

Conclusion Follows

Conclusion Does Not Follow

conclusion does not follow

Reliability is no longer an issue when considering the failings of the financial sector.

Conclusion Follows

Conclusion Does Not Follow

conclusion does not follow

Overpaying financial executives may contribute to problems facing the financial sector.

Conclusion Follows

Conclusion Does Not Follow

conclusion follows

Coley is a company that produces scented candles, using only natural products. Coley is against testing on animals and does not use pesticides in any of its products. Therefore:

The scent from Coley’s candles is made from fruits and berries.

Conclusion Follows

Conclusion Does Not Follow

conclusion does not follow

Coley is a company that produces scented candles, using only natural products. Coley is against testing on animals and does not use pesticides in any of its products. Therefore:

Coley’s products are unlikely to contain man-made setting agents.

Conclusion Follows

Conclusion Does Not Follow

conclusion follows

Coley is a company that produces scented candles, using only natural products. Coley is against testing on animals and does not use pesticides in any of its products. Therefore:

Coley’s products are likely to be more expensive.

Conclusion Follows

Conclusion Does Not Follow

conclusion does not follow

Although it is agreed that China is rapidly modernising its army, there is some doubt surrounding the exact amount it is spending. The research institute ‘PIPPI’, submits that the annual Chinese defence spending has risen from almost $31 billion in 2000 to over $120 billion in 2010. This figure is almost double the official figure published by the Chinese government; who fail to include many other areas such as research and development in the official figure each year. In 2010, the United States government spent around $400 billion on military defence. Based on the current level of military growth, statistics suggest that China’s defence spending could overtake America’s by 2030. In addition to military spending, China’s army continues to enjoy the largest number of people within the ranks of its army than any other country.

The official figures published by the Chinese government in relation to their military spending are thought to be misleading.

True

Probably True

More Information Required

Probably False

False

true

It is known that the Chinese government leave areas such as ‘research’ and ‘development’ from their official figures, however, this would also suggest that other areas of spending may also be omitted from the official figure.

True

Probably True

More Information Required

Probably False

False

prob true

The Chinese government omits several key areas from its official spending figures, in areas such as military spending, agriculture, human rights and law.

True

Probably True

More Information Required

Probably False

False

more info required

If there are any anomalies between the published figures on military spending and the actual figure spent, this is merely a clerical error.

True

Probably True

More Information Required

Probably False

False

false

In 2010 the United States of America spent less on its military defences than the Chinese government.

True

Probably True

More Information Required

Probably False

False

true

Turkey is a surprising addition to the list of rapidly developing economies; with a GDP increase of 8.5% in the year 2011 alone. However, such rapid growth leaves worries regarding possible side-effects. For instance, in 2011 Turkey’s rate of inflation was well above that of its peers. Secondly, there is increasing concern regarding Turkey’s growing dependency on foreign capital. A large portion of the Turkish banking system is part-owned by banks within the Eurozone. As the single currency falters, such a dependency raises questions about the stability of Turkish growth.

There are concerns that Turkey’s development is at risk of faltering in the years after 2011.

True

Probably True

More Information Required

Probably False

False

more info required

As Turkish banks are part-owned by those in the Eurozone, they may suffer if the European banks face financial difficulty.

True

Probably True

More Information Required

Probably False

False

more info required

The Turkish banks are part-owned by European banks as this provides greater variation to the market and extra finance to the economy.

True

Probably True

More Information Required

Probably False

False

more info required

Turkish banks are part owned by European banks as this provides greater economic links with the Eurozone, helping their ascension into the European Union.

True

Probably True

More Information Required

Probably False

False

The Turkish economy was surprisingly stagnant in 2011.

True

Probably True

More Information Required

Probably False

False

false

Some people think that prospective employees should include a photograph with their application form. Such practice has traditionally been criticised for allowing more attractive individuals to get ahead in their career over ‘plain’ colleagues. However, one study demonstrates that this is, in fact, untrue. Ruffle, the creator of this study, attributes his findings to the ‘dumb-blonde hypothesis’- that beautiful women are thought to be unintelligent. Ruffle submits that companies would be better advised adopting the selection model employed by the Belgian public sector, where CVs are anonymous and candidate names, gender and photographs are not allowed to be included on CVs. Such a model allows the candidate to be selected on factors relevant to the role applied for.

The ‘dumb-blonde hypothesis’ says that more attractive women are less capable of being intelligent.

True

Probably True

More Information Required

Probably False

False

false

The model of selecting future employees adopted by the Belgian public sector aims to reduce discrimination based on appearance and gender.

True

Probably True

More Information Required

Probably False

False

prob true

The method of selecting future employees adopted by the Belgian public sector has helped to eliminate discrimination in the Belgian public sector.

True

Probably True

More Information Required

Probably False

False

more info required

The method of selecting future employees adopted by the Belgian public sector has had the effect of increasing discrimination based on appearance within the Belgian public sector.

True

Probably True

More Information Required

Probably False

False

The Tapoloa Club is a Hawaiian-themed night club in central London. Its most popular drink is the Volcano, which emits sparks and flames. The Tapoloa Club also offers a range of cocktails in perverse containers such as pineapples and coconuts, such as the ‘coconut express’ and the ‘pineapple pick-up’ respectively. Therefore:

The ‘coconut express’ is the second most popular drink sold by the Tapoloa Club.

Conclusion Follows

Conclusion Does Not Follow

conclusion does not follow

All themed clubs in London sell unusual drinks.

Conclusion Follows

Conclusion Does Not Follow

conclusion does not follow

The “coconut express” is contained in a pineapple, and the “pineapple pick up” is contained in a coconut.

Conclusion Follows

Conclusion Does Not Follow

conclusion follows

The British National Library has the largest collection of publicly-owned books in the United Kingdom. Therefore:

There might be a larger collection of books in the United Kingdom.

Conclusion Follows

Conclusion Does Not Follow

conclusion follows

The British National Library has the largest collection of publicly-owned books in the United Kingdom. Therefore:

There might be a larger collection of publicly-owned books in the United Kingdom.

Conclusion Follows

Conclusion Does Not Follow

conclusion does not follow

The British National Library has the largest collection of publicly-owned books in the United Kingdom. Therefore:

The British National Library is in the United Kingdom.

Conclusion Follows

Conclusion Does Not Follow

conclusion follows

People with a master’s degree in business administration (MBA) earn an income on average 70% higher than people with just an undergraduate degree. MBA students from top business schools earn an income on average 50% higher than the average income of people with MBAs. structures.

If a person obtains an MBA, their income will increase.

Conclusion Follows

Conclusion Does Not Follow

conclusion does not follow

If a person obtains an MBA from a top business school, their income will be higher than that of the average MBA graduate.

Conclusion Follows

Conclusion Does Not Follow

conclusion does not follw

The average income of an MBA graduate from a top business school is over double that of the average income of a person holding only an undergraduate degree.

Conclusion Follows

Conclusion Does Not Follow

conclusion follows

Hannah has been a solicitor for three years. She works for a law firm in central London and has hopes of being promoted. To be promoted in Hannah’s firm, employees must have at least four years’ experience practising as a solicitor. Therefore:

Hannah cannot be promoted because she doesn’t have enough experience.

Conclusion Follows

Conclusion Does Not Follow

conclusion follows

We cannot know whether Hannah can be promoted or not.

Conclusion Follows

Conclusion Does Not Follow

conclusion does not follow

In 3 years’ time, assuming Hannah has not been promoted, she will be over qualified for her current position.

Conclusion Follows

Conclusion Does Not Follow

conclusion does not follow

1.Consider the statement, “all sick people should see a doctor. An elderly man is ill”. therefore the man
A. Should see a doctor
B. Should see a doctor if he does not get well
C. Is like most ill people
D. May not get well unless he sees a doctor

Consider the statement, “all sick people should see a doctor. An elderly man is ill”. therefore the man
A. Should see a doctor

2.A science student is watching a television debate on the genetic cloning of animals. In order for the student to make a reasoned decision, the student must first
A. Justify the opinions presented in the televised debate
B. Accept the views of the most qualified expert
C. Engage in a debate with others
D. Consider all the points of view

A science student is watching a television debate on the genetic cloning of animals. In order for the student to make a reasoned decision, the student must first
A. Justify the opinions presented in the televised debate

3.Consider the following 1) in ancient times, civilizations recorded their religious and cultural ideas and lifetime records in clay. 2) Both famous and common people were honored in clay. 3) In fact, most of what we know of ancient civilizations come from studying clay pottery. 4) all of the pots and bowls were made of clay. Assuming the preceding statements are true, statements two, three, and four:
A. Prove statement one conclusively
B. Explain why statement one is fake
C. Describe all of the uses for clay
D. Provide support for statement one

Consider the following 1) in ancient times, civilizations recorded their religious and cultural ideas and lifetime records in clay. 2) Both famous and common people were honored in clay. 3) In fact, most of what we know of ancient civilizations come from studying clay pottery. 4) all of the pots and bowls were made of clay. Assuming the preceding statements are true, statements two, three, and four:
D. Provide support for statement one

4.A college student is enrolled in a nuclear physics class. On the first day of class the instructor gives the student a reading assignment containing a long list of unfamiliar terms in order to build a strong knowledge base what should the student do?
A. Ask a friend for help in understanding the terms.
B.Define the terms prior to reading the assignment.
C.Read the assign material in attempt to gain an understanding of each new term.
D. Wait and see if the terms makes sense in the next couple of classes

A college student is enrolled in a nuclear physics class. On the first day of class the instructor gives the student a reading assignment containing a long list of unfamiliar terms in order to build a strong knowledge base what should the student do?
C.Read the assign material in attempt to gain an understanding of each new term.

5.Suppose a study of heroin users shows 70% had used marijuana before they tried heroin. The conclusion of the study States all marijuana users will eventually try heroin the conclusion is
A. Is a hasty generalization
B. is an unclear assumption
C. needs no further support
D. is factual information

Suppose a study of heroin users shows 70% had used marijuana before they tried heroin. The conclusion of the study States all marijuana users will eventually try heroin the conclusion is
B. is an unclear assumption
Assume that whenever spring is late, the birds and the bees are small and hungry. Based on this assumption, which statement must be true?
1.If spring is late, either the birds are small or the bees are hungry
2.If spring is not late, the birds and the bees are neither small nor hungry
3.If the bees are not small and the birds are not hungry, spring it not late
4.If birds are hungry or the bees are small, then spring is late
6.Assume that whenever spring is late, the birds and the bees are small and hungry. Based on this assumption, which statement must be true?

2.If spring is not late, the birds and the bees are neither small nor hungry

An elderly woman has cancer and is given the option of receiving an experimental drug to treat the cancer or receiving pain medication to control excessive pain. The cancer treatment might extend her life for 6 months. However, the woman chooses to use the pain medication as needed. All of the following changes support the women’s choice except?
1.The woman’s cancer therapy may not lengthen life
2.The woman’s desire to live a better quality of life for her remaining days
3.The woman’s family wants her to receive the cancer treatment
4.The woman wants to die without extraordinary medical intervention
An elderly woman has cancer and is given the option of receiving an experimental drug to treat the cancer or receiving pain medication to control excessive pain. The cancer treatment might extend her life for 6 months. However, the woman chooses to use the pain medication as needed. All of the following changes support the women’s choice except?

3.The woman’s family wants her to receive the cancer treatment

The harmful effects of long term alcohol use are well documented. Which course of information best explains the harmful effects?
1.Local hospital and physician reports
2.Statistical data of the identified effects
3.Coroners reports for the last five years
4.Insurance claims from a highly populated state
The harmful effects of long term alcohol use are well documented. Which course of information best explains the harmful effects?

2.Statistical data of the identified effects

Police officers maintain the law. It is illegal to run a stoplight, therefore, police officers
1.Never run stop lights
2.Believe it is illegal to run a stoplight
3.Consider stoplights important
4.May issue a ticket if you run a stoplight
Police officers maintain the law. It is illegal to run a stoplight, therefore, police officers
2.Believe it is illegal to run a stoplight
A woman reads a magazine article about high blood pressure. After talking with her mother, the woman realizes that her mother is experiencing the same symptoms that are described in the article. What is the best course of action?
1.Wait for further signs and symptoms to develop
2.Seek medical guidance based on the signs of high BP
3.Realize these may not be signs and symptoms of high BP
.4Call the doctor and report that her mother has high BP
A woman reads a magazine article about high blood pressure. After talking with her mother, the woman realizes that her mother is experiencing the same symptoms that are described in the article. What is the best course of action?
2.Seek medical guidance based on the signs of high BP
A school has seven classrooms: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7. The principal must choose five students, each from a different classroom, to perform in a special play. Any combination of five students will be appropriate, except if a student from classroom 1 is selected, then no one from class 5 may be chosen. Also, if a student from class 3 is selected, then someone from classroom 5 must also be selected. If someone from classroom 2 is in the play, then a student from classroom 6 must also be selected. Which combination of students meets all of the criteria?
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
1, 4, 5, 6, 7,
2, 3, 4, 5, 7
2, 3, 4, 5, 6
A school has seven classrooms: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7. The principal must choose five students, each from a different classroom, to perform in a special play. Any combination of five students will be appropriate, except if a student from classroom 1 is selected, then no one from class 5 may be chosen. Also, if a student from class 3 is selected, then someone from classroom 5 must also be selected. If someone from classroom 2 is in the play, then a student from classroom 6 must also be selected. Which combination of students meets all of the criteria?
2, 3, 4, 5, 6
An advertisement reads, “Neutrasplash helps prevent lines and wrinkles. Look younger today”. Which statement gives a critical evaluation of this advertisement?
1.This advertisement clarifies that only those that want to look younger should buy the product
2.This advertisement gives several good reasons for purchasing the product
The phrase “help prevent” eliminates any promises about the performance of this product
The name of the product indicated the products contains healthy ingredients
An advertisement reads, “Neutrasplash helps prevent lines and wrinkles. Look younger today”. Which statement gives a critical evaluation of this advertisement?
The phrase “help prevent” eliminates any promises about the performance of this product
A researcher collects information regarding the relationship of drinking orange juice and preventing the common cold. Which method would best assist the researcher in reaching a conclusion?
Drink orange juice when a cold is coming on
Conduct a survey of those who drink orange juice to prevent a cold
Analyze the research data found in the scientific journals
Review the chemical composition of orange juice
A researcher collects information regarding the relationship of drinking orange juice and preventing the common cold. Which method would best assist the researcher in reaching a conclusion?
Conduct a survey of those who drink orange juice to prevent a cold

14 Building L is shorter than building X. Building Y is shorter than building L, but building M is shorter than building Y; therefore Building Y is shorter than building J. What premise must be added to require the conclusion to be true, assuming all of the premises are true?

Building J is taller than M
Building J is taller than L
Building X is taller than J
Building L is taller than J
14 Building L is shorter than building X. Building Y is shorter than building L, but building M is shorter than building Y; therefore Building Y is shorter than building J. What premise must be added to require the conclusion to be true, assuming all of the premises are true?
Building L is taller than J
A grocery clerk believes strongly in telling the truth however he lies to in Intruders who asked him where the store safe is kept. How could this contraindication be best explained? the grocery store clerk
Was afraid of the Intruders and feared for his life
wanted The Intruders to leave quickly
3.obviously has very weak beliefs
believe strongly in his work responsibilities
A grocery clerk believes strongly in telling the truth however he lies to in Intruders who asked him where the store safe is kept. How could this contraindication be best explained? the grocery store clerk
believe strongly in his work responsibilities
Charlie and spot are dogs assume whenever it is hot Charlie and spot are lazy and quiet based on this assumption which statement must be true
If it is hot outside fido is lazy and spot is quiet
If Fido is quiet or spot is lazy. It is hot
if it is hot charlie and spot are neither lazy nor quiet
if spot is lazy but fido is not quiet it is not hot
Charlie and spot are dogs assume whenever it is hot Charlie and spot are lazy and quiet based on this assumption which statement must be true
If Fido is quiet or spot is lazy. It is hot
Consider the statement if anything is a rose then that thing smells sweet which of the following statements provide the best interpretation of the statement
One thing smells as sweet as a rose
if anything smells sweet than it is a roses
things don’t smell sweet unless they are roses
roses smell sweet
Consider the statement if anything is a rose then that thing smells sweet which of the following statements provide the best interpretation of the statement
roses smell sweet
In a scientific study of resources there that fed an iron-rich diet for six months 75% of the horses showed an increase in track speed with a 90 days. This Improvement could have happened randomly or by chance was ruled out with a high degree of confidence if the above statements are true the study of statistical findings confirm
Regulations regarding the type of dietary intake for race horses should be enforced
the horses in the study were raised horses in the findings do not apply to horses in general
iron-rich food feed is associated with an increased track speed and resources
regular non iron-rich feed causes decrease track speed in horses
In a scientific study of horses there that fed an iron-rich diet for six months 75% of the horses showed an increase in track speed with a 90 days. This Improvement could have happened randomly or by chance was ruled out with a high degree of confidence if the above statements are true the study of statistical findings confirm
iron-rich food feed is associated with an increased track speed and horses
Reflect on this statement: “A student received a 50% on a research paper, therefore, that student is a poor writer.” The sentence best describes:
a. An irrelevant explanation for the low score.
b. One of the possible explanations for the student’s score.
c. A reason without a conclusion
d. The only valid explanation for the student’s score.
b. One of the possible explanation for the students score

20.A newspaper advertisement states, “only those seeking hard work and long hours should apply for this job.” Which statement expresses the same idea?
a. You should not apply for this job unless you seek hard work and long hours
b. If you seek hard work and long hours, you should apply for this job
c. You should not seek hard work and long hours except by applying for this job
d. If you apply for this job you should seek hard work and long hours

a. The answer is, You should not apply for this job unless you seek hard work and long hours. The two communicate the same information.
It has been said ” No one grows up in the same family” an explanation for this saying is:
A) Birth order and family circumstances influence each child experience
B) Children compete for their parents attention in every family
C) Parents are naturally biased and favor one child more then another
D) Depending on the birth order, children have different personalities
21.A. No one grows up in the same family means that each children will have different personalities according to the family circumstances and situations.
So according to this option A , birth order and family circumstances influences each child experience.
Reflect on this statement: “Ballet dancers are neither overweight nor clumsy. If someone is not overweight, then that person is graceful.” Which of the following statements is true. if both of the above statements are true?
A. Every ballet dancer is graceful and not clumsy.
B. No graceful dancers are overweight.
C. If someone is a ballet dancer, that person is graceful but clumsy.
D. Ballet dancers are neither graceful nor clumsy.
A

this means that if every ballet dance is not overweight, they can be considered as graceful and being graceful means they are not clumsy. Therefore, their skills are always coordinated and done with elegance for the reason that they are not clumsy and overweight.

A high school biology student studied the effects of sunlight on plant growth for two months. Which method best illustrates the relationship of sunlight to plant growth?
A) A panel discussion including botany experts
B) A pie chart demonstrating the effects of darkness on plant growth
C)A bar graph describing the weekly growth patterns
D)A videotape showing the daily plant growth
C
The correct answer is c. A bar graph describing weekly growth patterns.
In a debate regarding solutions to the rising costs of health care, several points of view are communicated, In order to make an informed decision about the issues, what should a consumer do?
A. Determine why people have so many opinions.
B. Consider the advantages and disadvantages of each solution.
C. Realize that it is impossible to sort through so many viewpoints.
D. Interview each person who has a different viewpoint.
B

This means that the consumer should see both sides of the issue first in order to make sure that the decision he will make is right and purely based on facts.
Thus, looking at the disadvantages and advantages of the issue should be taken into consideration and given a priority in order to have a deeper understanding or awareness of the issue and therefore create an informed decision.

On a school playground, the teacher states, “look at those children running one right after the other. They are so close together that if one of them stops, the next one will run into the other. So, if one stops, they will fall down. Assuming the above statement is true, the main claim of the passage is?
A.Is probably false, but could be true
B.Is probably true, but could be false
C.Could not be true
D. Must also be true
B.Is probably true, but could be false
On a school playground, the teacher states, “look at those children running one right after the other. They are so close together that if one of them stops, the next one will run into the other. So, if one stops, they will fall down. Assuming the above statement is true, the main claim of the passage is
above statement is truebut its not always possible if one child stop so other will stop or fall so it could be false
A congressional candidate you oppose will write a newspaper article proposing new air traffic control regulations. To draw a conclusion about the article you would
A. Consider your past experiences with the candidate
B. Refute opinions presented in the article
C. Focus your attention on the argument being made
D. Identify the personal importance of the regulation
C. Focus your attention on the argument being made(26)
A person sits on a jury that is trying a case for someone suspected of murder. To make a decision about the guilt or innocence of the suspect, what should the jury consider? (had different choices?
A.Personal experiences that relate to crime victims
B. Open mindedness to the evidence and to the law
C. The background of the defense lawyer and the prosecutor
D. The consequences of the jury’s decision
C. The background of the defense lawyer and the prosecutor
A trial jury, also known as a petit jury, decides whether the defendant committed the crime as charged in a criminal case, or whether the defendant injured the plaintiff in a civil case.
so try to checkback ground of defence lawyer and prosecuto
Consider the following to determine the same pattern of letters, if ABCCBA, then
A. CBAABC
B. ZXYYXZ
C. JKLKLJ
D. MNOONM
D. MNOONM
ABCCBA
abc follow inline patter then cba opposite to this
hence it will be seen in option d MNOONM

29.The sky is full of clouds; therefore, it will rain today. Which statement best categorizes the reasoning of the speaker?

A. Good. it cannot rain unless there are clouds
B. faulty . the clouds may not be rain clouds
C. Good. when there are clouds, it always rains
D. Faulty. It may not rain until tomorrow
C. Good. when there are clouds, it always rains
PRESENCE of cloud indicate arrival of rain

In a debate regarding solutions to the rising costs of HealthCare, several points of view are communicated. In order to make an informed decision about the issues what should a consumer do
Determine why people have so many opinions
consider the advantages and disadvantages of each solution
realize that it is impossible to sort through so many viewpoints
interview each person who has different viewpoints
Consider the advantages and disadvantages of each solution
Weighing the benefits and drawbacks can help you make a faster decision, gain a better knowledge of the situation, and avoid decision paralysis.
It helps people to think about alternative points of view and can aid in making a well-informed conclusion.
A chef conducts a cooking class and States this frying pan allows for several cooking methods which statement is the best interpretation of this claim
All frying pans have several cooking methods
not every frying pan uses the same cooking method
the same cooking method is used by several frying pans
there is a special pan that allows for two cooking methods
Not every frying pan uses the same cooking method
A spokesperson for a car manufacturer states, “there are two popular arguments that favor the 55 mph speed limit. First it saves lives, second it saves wear and tear on the car, however millions of people drive faster than the speed limit and their car show no signs of break down so I say there is no sense to the 55mph speed limit ” the speaker’s reasoning is best evaluated as
Good. it shows there is probably no way to increase Auto Safety
faulty. it did not show the importance of the car manufacturers beliefs
faulty. it did not consider arguments about the speed limit saving lives
good. it proves that there is a relationship between speed and car break down
3.Faulty it does not consider arguments about the speed limit saving lives
Every serious accident involves a significant amount of speed.Reduced travel speeds save lives and prevent injuries.Reduced average travel speeds across the network are the most efficient and effective strategy to reduce road trauma and would result in large and immediate improvements in road safety.
After a couple returns from an evening out, they drive the babysitter home. The next day, the wife discovers that her favorite bracelet is missing from her jewelry box. Which statement represents the most reasonable explanation of this situation?
The wife forgot where she placed the bracelet
One of the couple’s children misplaced the bracelet
The babysitter took the bracelet
A conclusion cannot be made based on the evidence
A conclusion cannot be made based on the evidence.
.In this case there is no evidence on where the bracelet is and whether the baby sitter took it .All this information has not been verified. With proof you can now make conclusions.
Consider this statement: “Exceptional students are neither arrogant nor lazy. If a student is not arrogant, he is humble.” Which of the following must be true if both of the previous statements are true?
a. If someone is an exceptional student, that student is lazy but humble
b. No humble students are lazy.
c. Every exceptional student is humble and not lazy.
d. Exceptional students are neither humble nor lazy.
Option c
Exceptional students are neither arrogant nor lazy. If a student is not arrogant, he is humble. This means exceptional students cannot be lazy and since they are not arrogant, they’re always humble.
You have two difficult ‘blind dates’ arranged by your best friend. Your cousin arranges for you to go out with a friend she thinks is perfect for you. Your best course of action is to:
a. Make the decision based solely on your past experiences.
b. turn the date down
c. arrange to talk to the date by phone
d. Accept the date enthusiastically
Option d
I would like to accept all the three dates with full zeal. I won’t judge a person from my past experiences since all the people are different. Moreover I won’t turn the date down as I’m interested in finding a partner.
The idea of talking to the date by phone would not be a great idea as talking on phone and talking face to face are different from my point of view.
An insurance company proposes a new health care policy that would guarantee health care coverage for all citizens. In order to assist policy holders in making a decision, which information should company representatives include in the explanation of the new health care coverage?
a. the company’s position statement regarding the universal health care
b. A pamphlet demonstrating the disadvantages of the other health care coverage
c. The plan of how policy holders could support the new health care plan
d. A statement showing evidence that the benefits will outweigh the costs
option d. A statement showing evidence that the benefits will outweigh the costs will be a convincing way for the citizens to purchase the policy as it’s all about the business of benefits.The other three options won’t be convincing as degrading another company doesn’t mean that your company is good.Explaining the plan of how policy holders could support the new health care plan would also be less convincing as the citizens can consider other ways of doing so and may be in a lesser price

37.The mayor of the city states, “The new highway project has divided our neighborhood. The people on the north do not speak to those on the south. The project has led to name-calling, bickering and hurt feelings. I think the new highway is a big mistake for this neighborhood.” Assuming the supporting statements are true, the mayors conclusion:
a. Could not be false
b. Could not be true
c. Is probably true, but may be false
d. Is probably false, but may be true
37.Option c is correct Explanation:The mayor of the city states, The new highway project has divided our neighborhood. The people on the north do not speak to those on the south. The project has led to name-calling, bickering and hurt feelings. I think the new highway is a big mistake for this neighborhood.Assuming the supporting statements are true, the mayors conclusion: Is probably true, but may be false.

A man goes to the doctor’s office complaining about severe headaches and seeing bright, flashing lights. The doctor orders several tests, however, all of the test results are normal. Which statement provides the best explanation?
A. The man has many physical problems that cannot be explained.
B. The man complains frequently and counseling is recommended.
C. Even though the tests are normal, continual monitoring is needed.
D. The signs and symptoms reported by the man are not real.
ANSWER : OPTION C Even though the tests are normal, continual monitoring is needed.Sometimes diagnosis are not easy, they need continuous monitoring and evaluation. Therefore man has to be told to keep a regular follow up. Severe headache, flashing lights Can be due to migraine which is difficult to diagnose and need some time.

39.Read the following statement: “Only people seeking rest and relaxation should buy a boat. Which statement expresses the same idea?
A. If people want rest and relaxation, they should buy a boat.
B. People can only find rest and relaxation by buying a boat.
C. People should not buy a boat unless they want rest and relaxation
D. people buy a boat, they should seek rest and relaxation
39.C) “People should not buy a boat unless they want rest and relaxation” – this sentence suggest that if a people do not want to relax they should not buy a boat.So the answer is option C) People should not buy a boat unless they want rest and relaxation

Consider the following statement: “not all actors are ready for the plan to open.” this statement expresses the same idea as:
1.None of the actors are ready for the play to open
Someone ready for the play to open is not an actor
All of the actors are ready for the play to open
At least one actor is not ready for the play to open
40.Here not all actor are ready for the play to open means at least one of them are not ready so, option(4) is the correct answer

critical thinking
is a form of analyzing and problem solving that is essential in any profession. Six cognitive measures.

Explanation
Justify the reasoning or conclusion in terms of evidence, concepts, methodology or context.

Evaluation
to assess the credibility, significance and relevance of information to support the conclusion; and to assess the information for biases, stereotype, cliches or inappropriateness.

Self-Regulation
to monitor, reflect, questions, and adjust one’s own thinking process as appropriate.

Inference
to formulate hypothesis and draw conclusions based on pertinent data

analysis
to examine ideas, analyze arguments, make comparisons, and categorize, organize and prioritize variables

Interpretation
to understand comprehend, identify problems, clarify, decipher, and decode.

A company’s policy states that employees may take two weeks vacation after the have reached their seventh anniversary date with the company this means that…
employees must work for the company at least seven years before they may take two weeks vacation.
( this is correct because after the seven year anniversary some employees MAY or MAY NOT take the two weeks vacation.)

Consider the statement: “if it is made of glass, it may break.” which statement provides the best interpretation?
Glass can break ( this is correct because this stamens is straight forward and strictly talk about glass. Other stamens are implying of other objects.)

consider the following to determine which is the same as “roses are red”.
Carnations are white. ( the relationship is that both carnation and the roses are flowers; there are not distinct relationships among the other options.)

consider the following. Which is the logical match? If B3E2H1, then:
A9D8G7 ( the alphabetical pattern is every third letter, the number relationship is that they decrease by 1 {3,2,1 = (9, 8, 7})

you are given a prescription for anew drug to treat a long-standing health problem. How can you best determine the side effects that may be produced by this drug?
Read research studies related to drug questions. ( this is correct because the other three choice do not give the best source of information.)

A politician states ” Scientist argue that global warming is occurring. they cite evidence regarding an upward trend in nighttime temperatures throughout the United States. However, i know that winter in the Midwest have been colder than normal over the past two years. Therefore, i say, global warming is not occurring.” the best evaluation of this politician’s conclusion is that it:
Does not consider scientific evidence about nighttime warming trends. (this answer is correct because the politicians statement is biases and no scientific tests or evidence shows relationships between Midwest winter and nighttime temperature THROUGHOUT THE U.S.)

A boy and girl are students. The night before every test, they both study and eat pizza. Which stamens is true?
If the girl does not study there is not test the next day. ( this is correct because the girl’s lack of study infers that there is no test the next day)

A woman concludes, ” It is Saturday; therefore, children will be watching cartoons on television.” which statement best describes the conclusion of the woman?
Faulty. Children may wish to do something other than watch television. (this is correct because the woman’s statement is only a possible action that the children might do on a Saturday.)

A teacher believes strongly that students should not receive extra credit for written assignments, regardless of how well they are written. However, she gave extra credit to a student who had been ill, but turned in an extraordinary paper. How can this contridicartion be best explained? The teacher…
valued the quality of the student’s work more than her belief. (this is correct because the teacher admired the effort the student put into her writing)

it is a hot summer day. A six-year-old child has been playing outside and riding her bicycle. When she comes in for lunch her face is red and she is warm and fussy. Her temperature is normal. Which best explains what is happening to the child?
The child may be responding to weather and activity. (this is correct because by considering the “hot summer day”, her activities and her temperature being normal those are not in relation to being medical issues but normal human response of weather and activity.)

you are trying to make a decision about the best policy to implement regarding sick leave for your employees. In order to make the best decision, you should:
Consider the cost and benefits to both the company and employees. (this is correct because the decisions is coming from not what you think is best but taking into consideration of what is best for the company and the employees.)

Two students have applied for selection for residency in a college dormitory, but there is only space for one student. In order for the dormitory admission counselor to make the best decision about who to accept, the counselor should:
consider each applicant using the same set of selection criteria (this is correct because using other aspects options may cause biased decisions. using a criteria for each students allows for no biased decisions.

describe critical thinking in nursing
CT is an active, orderly, well thought-out reasoning process that guides a nurse in various approaches to making a nursing judgement. (use knowledge, experience, problem-solving, logic, reasoning and decision making.)

name the components of critical thinking
knowledge, experience, critical thinking competencies, attitudes, and intellectual and professional standards.

Critical thinking evolves through 3 levels. Name the 3 levels
Basic
Complex
Commitment

Reflection
purposefully thinking back or recalling a situation to discover its meaning and gain insight into the event.

Language’s role in CT
Clear, concise language demonstrates focused thinking and communicating unambiguous messages and expectations.

Intuition
Inner sensing that something is so
Intuition should spark the nurse to search the data to confirm or disprove the feeling.

Basic CT
Trust the experts
Results from limited knowledge and experience and inadequate CT experience.

Complex CT
Beginning to express autonomy by analyzing and examining data
Results from an increase in nursing knowledge, experience, intuition, and more flexible attitudes.

Commitment CT
the nurse expects to make choices without the help from others and fully assumes responsibility for those choices.
Results from expert level of knowledge, experience, developed intuition and reflective, flexible attitudes.

Knowledge component of CT
info specific for nursing
Basic nursing education
Continuing Education
Advanced degrees and certifications

Experience component of CT
Decision-making ability derived from opportunities to observe, sense, and interact with clients followed by active reflection.
Understand clinical situations
Recognizes and analyze cues for relevance
Incorporates experience into intuition

Competence component of CT
Cognitive processes a nurse uses to make nursing judgements.

Name CT Skills used in Assessment/Data Collection
Observe
Use correct technique
Differentiate between relevant and irrelevant data
Organize, validate, categorize data
Interpret assessment data and draw a conclusion
Purpose-identify needs and identify additional data to collect based on findings.

CT Skills used in Analysis/Data Collection (Diagnose)
Identify clusters and cues
Detect inferences
Recognize an actual or potential problem or risk
Avoid making judgements
Purpose-interpret collected data and diagnose and provide direction for nursing care.

CT Skills used in Planning
Identify goals and outcomes
Set Priorities
Determine Appropriate strategies and interventions for plan of care and teaching
take knowledge and apply it to more than one situation.
Create Outcome criteria
Theorize
Consider the consequences of implementation
Purpose – Establish priorities and outcomes of care to measure and evaluate. Then, select nursing interventions to inc. in plan of care.

CT skills used in Implementation
Use Knowledge base.
Use appropriate skills/teaching strategies
Test theories
Delegate and supervise nursing care
Communicate appropriately in response to a situation
Purpose – Provide care based on assessment data, analysis, and the plan of care.

CT skills used in Evaluation
Determine accuracy of theories
Evaluate outcomes based on scientific criteria
Determine understanding of teaching
Purpose-Examine a clients response to nursing interventions and form a clinical judgement about meeting goals and outcomes.

CT Attitudes
Confidence
Independence
Fairness
Responsibility
Risk Taking
Discipline
Perseverance
Creativity
Curiosity
Integrity
Humility

Confidence
Feels sure of abilities

Independence
Analyzes ideas for logical reasonin

Fairness
Is objective, nonjudgemental

Responsibility
Adheres to standards of practice

Risk Taking
Takes calculated chances in finding better solutions to problems.

Discipline
Develops a systematic approach to thinking

Perseverance
Continues to work at a problem until there’s a resolution

Creativity
Uses imagination to find solutions to unique client problems.

Curiosity
Requires more information about clients and problems

Integrity
Practices truthfully and ethically

Humility
Acknowledges weaknesses.

Standards
Model for comparing care to determine acceptability, excellence, and appropriateness.

Intellectual Standards
ensure the thorough application of CT.

Professional Standards
Nursing judgement based on ethical criteria
Evaluation that relies on EBP
Demonstration of professional responsibility

Diagnostic Reasoning
process of using the data you gather, forming inferences, and then logically explaining a clinical judgement.
Series of clinical judgements that result in informal or formal diagnoses.

Clinical Decision Making
End point of critical thinking that leads to problem resolution.
Selecting appropriate treatment after forming diagnostic conclusions.
Choosing the options for the best pt outcomes.

scientific method
Foundation for research.
Process that moves from observable facts from an experience to a reasonable explanation of those facts.

Overall Critical Thinking Skills
Interpretation
Analysis
Inference
Evaluation
Explanation
Self-Regulation

ATI CRITICAL THINKING /CRITICAL THINKING ATI PROCTORED EXAM LATEST VERSION 2022-2023 | REAL EXAM QUESTIONS | AGRADE

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