Boating Test (State of Florida)
Drinking alcohol before or while operating a vessel:
Slows your judgement and reaction time
In Florida it is illegal to operate any vessel at a speed that:
Endangers the life and/or property of another person
Who must wear a life jacket while on a personal watercraft (PWC)?
All of the above
Which action may cause the loss of steering ability in a PWC?
Letting off the throttle control
It is illegal for anyone under _ to rent a PWC in Florida
18
According to Florida law, what must be aboard a vessel?
Whistle or horn
What must a livery instruct its renters on?
All of the above
The following are ways to be a courteous personal watercraft operator EXCEPT:
Circle around boats with people fishing from them
Florida law prohibits anyone under the age of _ from operating a personal watercraft (PWC):
14
Any person born on or after January 1, 1988, who operates a vessel with a motor of 10 horsepower or more must have one of the following:
Proof of boating safety education
Since they are relatively small and fast, personal watercraft are:
difficult to see on the water
Children under _ years of age must wear a life jacket while on a boat less than 26 feet in length while underway.
6
How does alcohol use affect boat operators or passengers?
Physical reactions become slower
What is the primary cause of boating fatalities?
Falling overboard and drowning
The engine cutoff switch lanyard is important for the operator to wear because:
It is required by law for all personal watercraft operators
The Florida Boater Education Temporary Certificate is valid for 12 months from the date of the test and must be carried on board the vessel along with your:
Photo identification
The purpose of the safety lanyard on a vessel is to:
Shut off the engine if the operator falls overboard
Which of the following is an example of safe personal watercraft operation?
Keeping a safe distance away from other vessels
Which is a common first indicator of bad weather approaching?
A buildup of dark clouds
The following are examples of “reckless operation” EXCEPT?
Operating a PWC in the rain
Two vessels (A and B) are operating too close to each other and collide. The operator of vessel A should:
Help the injured person and report the incident
When you are in a speed zone posted as “slow speed, minimum wake,” your vessel should:
Be completely settled in the water
When crossing paths, what is the give-way vessel’s responsibility?
Slow down or change course
What do the red and green markers indicate?
The edge of a safe channel
When you see a red flag with a white diagonal stripe (divers down flag), you must:
*Slow to idle speed if you must come within 100 feet of the flag in a channel
*Go no faster than idle speed when operating within 300 feet of the flag in open water
anyone born after _ must have proof of boater safety education
January 1 1988
an example of not operation a pwc defensively is
being careful when you spray other vessels
the engine cutoff lanyard or “kill switch” is important to wear and is
required by law for all pwc operators
when being passed or overtaken by another vessel you are required to
maintain your speed and direction
if two vessels (A&B) collide and driver b is injured driver a should
help the injured person and driver b report the accident
constant awareness is required
on all boats at all hours
if you back off the throttle on a pwc
you will lose steering
the main cause of boating fatalities is
falling overboard and drowning
when you see a red buoy returning from the open sea you
keep the red buoy on your right
an example of safe pwc operation is
keep a safe distance from other vessels
when operation in shallow water or sea grass and you see a mud trail behind you
stop your vessel and walk or pole it out of that area
in florida it is illegal to operate a vessel at a speed that
endangers the life or property of another person
who must wear a personal flotation device while riding
everyone riding or being towed by a pwc
who is required to wear a life jacket at all times on any vessel under 26ft long
all children under 6yo
courteous pwc operation doesn’t include
circling fishing boats
while operating a pwc and the engine shuts off for any reason
the vessel will lose steering and you will continue in the direction you are moving
if you and a friend are riding pwcs and he stops abruptly
you must use the throttle to turn and avoid collision
when crossing paths with another vessel, the give way vessel shiuld
slow down or change course
pwc are small and fast
so they are difficult to see
florida law prehibits anyone under the age of _ to operate a pwc
14
you don’t have to report a boating accident when the damage is less than
$1000
the most critical part of boating is
staying alert
red and green markers indicate the
edge of a channel
if two powered vessels approach each other in a head on situation
both should stay right and prepare to give way
ways to avoid having a collision include
not riding too close to a boat to jump wakes
the safety lanyards purpose is to
shut the engine off if the rider falls off
slow speed/ minimum wake means your vessel should be
completely settled in the water
florida law requires a _ on all vessels
whistle or horn
when you see a driver down flag (red square with white diagonal line) you must go idle speed
if you are within 100ft of a flag channel and also if you are within 300ft in the open ocean
when you see a boat approaching from your right the action you should take is to
slow down and give way to that boat
the florida boater education temporary certificate is good for
12 months
when crossing paths the give way vessel is responsible to
slow down and change course
a boater is considered under the influence at
0.08 blood alcohol level
drinking alcohol before operating a vessel will
slow your judgement and reaction time
to revised a pwc if you fall of you should roll over in the direction
shown on the label on the back of the vessel
a way to cause a collision is
riding too close to a boat in order to jump its wake
letting off the throttle on a pwc will cause
loss of steering ability
a first indicator of bad weather is
a build up of dark clouds
the primary cause of boating accidents is
careless operation
an operation that is okay and not reckless is
operating a pwc in the rain
what is indicated by a white marker with an orange crossed diamond and “Swim Area” in black lettering?
an area where vessels are prohibited and only swimming allowed
as you enter a harbor from the open sea, you see a red nun buoy. how should you pass it?
keep it on your starboard (right) side
what is indicated by this white marker with an orange circle and a black lettering?
a controlled area where a boater must proceed at a speed no greater than that which will maintain steerage and headway
what is the best way to find out about hazards on a local waterway?
consult a nautical chart
what should you do if you see a mud trail in your wake indicating you are in a seagrass area?
stop your vessel, silt the motor, and pole or walk the vessel out of the sea-grass bed.
boaters operating in rivers, inlets, or navigation channels must make a reasonable effort to stay certain distance from a divers-down flag or buoy.
100 feet
what should a vessel operator do to make sure everyone knows what to do in case of an emergency?
conduct an emergency drill with the passengers.
what apperas on the capacity plate of a powerboat and, by Florida law, must not be exceeded?
maximum weight, persons, horsepower
according to Florida law, what must a vessel operator do when entering a “no wake” area?
slow down to idle speed
when should a life jacket be discarded and replaced
when it is slightly torn
what is one part of a regular vessel and engine maintenance program?
checking the oil level before ever outing
what should you do, at a minimum, before leaving for a daytime outing on the water?
contact a responsible person and tell him/her where you will be boating and when you plan to return
how much line should you let out when anchoring?
7 to 10 times as much line as the water depth
what should you do before allowing someone also to operated your vessel
make sure they meet the minimum age and education requirements for operation
what should you do if your vessel capsizes and remains floating uside down?
climb onto the bottom of the overturned vessel
if you are operating a PWC and see a powerboat approaching from the right, what should you do?
you are the vessel on the left and so you should give way and allow the other vessel to pass
how can you prevent transporting nuisance species (plants or animals) with your vessel from one waterway to another?
remove aquatic plants and mud from your boat and trailer before moving your boat from one waterway to another.
what should a vessel operator do to keep a proper lookout
watch for navigational hazards.
what is the main purpose of the lateral system of red and green buoys and markers?
to mark the edges of safe water areas
what should PWC operators always do as a courtesy to other boaters and people on shore?
be aware of excessive noise that PWCs can create and avoid operating in the same area too long.
which of the following is a good safety procedure when fueling your vessel?
after refueling, open all windows, doors and openings and turn on the ventilation system
if your inboard/outboard boat runs aground, what action should you take in additions to shifting the weight away from the point of impact?
stop the engine and lift the out-drive
what type of sound-producing device must all vessels carry on board?
whistle or horn or some mechanical means of making a sound signal
at night, the red sidelight indicates which side of of a vessel
port (left) side
when operating a vessel powered by a motor of 10 horse power or greater on Florida waters, which requirements must be met by a person born on or after January 1, 1988?
the person has completed an approved boating safety course or equivalency exam and has on board his or her Boating Safety Education ID Card and photographic identification card
which of he following is true of a marine sanitation device (MSD) on board a vessel on Florida waters?
the “Y” valve on a Type I or II MSD must be secured to direct waste to the MSD
what is the minimum age allowed to operate a PWC in Florida?
14
what should anglers and hunters do when they are fishing or hunting from a boat?
wear a life jacket at all times.
to which of the following is it illegal to attach your vessel?
a) a lateral buoy or non-lateral marker
b) a mooring buoy
c) a pier
d) a fueling dock
a lateral buoy or non-lateral marker
why should a vessel operator keep a proper lookout?
avoid collision
what should you do if you are caught in a storm in a boat?
reduce speed and have everyone put on a PFD and make sure its secure
who is responsible for avoiding a collision between two vessels
the operator of the “give-way” vessel
why is carbon monoxide gas dangerous?
it is colorless, odorless, tasteless, and can be fatal
a vessel operator is involved in a boating accident that involves injuries and must be reported. According to Florida law, what must the operator do before leaving the scene?
give assistance to the injured person
a person is lawfully arrested for an alleged violation of boating under the influence (BUI) and refuses to submit to a breath test. What is the penalty for refusal?
a civil penalty of $500
an area where vessels are prohibited and only swimming is allowed
What is indicated by a white marker with an orange crossed diamond and “Swim Area” in black lettering?
keep it on your starboard (right) side
As you enter a harbor from the open sea, you see a red nun buoy. How should you pass it?
a controlled area where a boater must proceed at a speed no greater than that which will maintain steerage and headway
What is indicated by this white marker with an orange circle and black lettering?
consult a nautical chart
What is the best way to find out about hazards on a local waterway
stop your vessel, tilt the motor, and pole or walk the vessel out of the seagrass bed
What should you do if you see a mud trail in your wake indicating you are in a seagrass area
100 feet
boaters operating in rivers, inlets, or navigation channels must make a reasonable effort to stay a certain distance from a divers-down flag or buoy. What is this distance?
conduct an emergency drill with the passengers
What should a vessel operator to do make sure everyone knows what to do in case of an emergency?
maximum weight, persons, and horsepower
what appears on the capacity plate of a powerboat and, by Florida law, must not be exceede?
slow down to idle speed
According to Flordia law, what must a vessel operator do when entering a “no wake” area?
when it is slightly torn
when should a life jacket be discarded and replaced?
checking the oil level before every outing
what is one part of a regular vessel and engine maintenance program
contact a responsible person and tell him or her where you will be boating and when you plan to return
what should you do at a minimum, before leaving for a daytime outing on the water
7-10 times as much as the water depth
how much line should you let out when anchoring
make sure they meet the minimum age and education requirements for operation
what should you do before allowing someone else to operate your vessel
climb onto the bottom of the overturned vessel
what should you do if your vessel capsizes and remains floating upside down
You are the vessel on the left and so you should give way to allow the other vessel to pass
If you are operating a PWC ans see a powerboat approaching from the right, what should you do?
remove aquatic plants and mud from your boat and trailer before moving your boat from one waterway to another
How can you prevent transporting nuisance species with your vessel from one waterway to another?
Watch for navigational hazards
What should a vessel operator do to keep a proper lookout?
to mark the edges of safe water area
What is the main purpose of the lateral system of red and green buoy markers?
be aware of excessive noise that PWCs can create and avoid operating in the same area too long
what should PWC operators always do as a courtesy to other boaters and people on shore?
After refueling, open all windows, doors, and openings and start the engine
Which of the following is a good safety procedure when fueling your vessel?
stop the engine and lift the outdrive
If your inboard/outboard boat runs aground, what action should you tak ein addition to shifting the weight away from the point of impact?
bell or radio or some mechanical means of making a sound signal
What type of sound producing device must all vessels carry on board?
port (left ) side
at night the red sidelight indicates which side of a vessel
This person has completed an approved boating safety course or equivalency exam and has on board his or her Boating Safety Educatiob ID Card and a photographic identification card
When operating a vessel powered by a motor of 10 horsepower or greater on Florida waters, which requirememnts must be met by person born on or after January 1, 1988?
The Y valve on a Type I or II MSD must be secured to direct waste on the MSD
Which is true of marine sanitation device (MSD) on board a vessel in Florida waters?
14
What is the minimum age allowed to operate a PWC in Florida?
Wear a life jacket at all times
What should anglers and hunters do when they are fishing or hunting from a boat?
a lateral buoy or non-lateral marker
To which of the following is it illegal to attach to your vessel
to avoid collisions
Why should a vessel operator keep a proper lookout
Reduce speed and have evryone put on a PFD and make sure it’s secure
What should you do if oyu are caught in a storm in a boat?
the operators of both vessels
Who is responsible for avoiding collision between two vessels?
It is colorless, odorless, tasteless, and can be fatal
Why is carbon monoxide gas dangerous
give assistance to th einjured persons
A vessel operator is involved in a boating accident that involves injuries and must be reported. According to Florida law, what must the operator do before leaving the scene
civil penalty of 500 dollars
a perosn is lawfully arrested fro an alleged violation of boating under the influence (BUI) and refuses to submit to a breath test. what is the penalty for refusal?
increases likelihood of accidents
what effect does alcohol have when you are operating a vessel
shut the engine off before allowing the person being towed to reboard the vessel
what should you do when towing a water-skier or someone on a tube or kneeboard?
turn off the engine when passengers are boarding
How can propeller strike accidents be avoided?
dark clouds and shifting winds
which of these provides a warning that dangerous weather is approaching
stop the boat
what should you do if a fire dstarts while you are underway?
you will lose ability to steer the PWC and will maintain the same direction as the time of shut-off
what happens if your PWC engine returns to idle or shuts off during operation?
a large ship in a channel
which of these vessels is the “stand-on vessel” when it encounters a recreational powerboat regardless of the encountering situation
The child is on avessel that is less than 26 feet in length and underway
What does Florida law state as the condition requiring a child under 6 years of age to wear a Type I, II, III, USCG approved PFD
keep centered in the boat
What should you do to reduce the risk of falling overboard?
at least 18 years old
How old must you be to rent a PWC in Florida
where to find the PFDs and visual distress signals
What should the vessel operator tell everyone on board before departing
0.02 or higher
Accoridng to FL law, what is the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) at which a boater under 21 years of age cannot legally operate a boat?
Boat B
When Boat A is overtaking Boat B which is the stand-on vessel?
a white light visible from all directions
What must you display if you anchor or moor away from a dock at night or in restricted visibility?
a fine of up to 50,000 dollars and/or up to 1 year of prison
What is the penalty for harassing, hunting, capturing or killing any marine mammal
you are the give-way vessel and should slow down and let the other vessel pass
what describes your vessel’s role wen encountering another vessel at night and you see a white and red light?
when behind a vessel equipped with a wide-angle rearview ski mirror
In which of these situations is it legal fro a water skier to ski on Florida waters?
Certificate of registration
What must be n board and available for inspection by a law enforcement officer whenever a vessel is being operated?
passenger’s body weight and chest size
What is most important when selecting the right PFD for a passenger
they pose hazards both above and below
What should you keep in mind when approaching a low-head dam?
toss the victim a throwable Type IV device
what should you do if someone on your boat falls overboard?
into the wind or current, whichever is stronger
how should you approach a dock when docking your vessel?
visibility conditions
What determines if a speed is safe for your boat
Remove the divers-down warning device from the water or boat
If scuba-diving or snorkeling, what should you do when all divers and snorkelers are back in your vessel?
the vessle operator
Everyone on board a vessel should understand basic safety practices. Who is responsible for ensuring this?
at least 4 minutes
If your boat has a power ventilation system, how long should you turn it on for after fueling and prior to starting the engine?
You have enough time to avoid a collision
How do you know when you are operating your vessel at a safe speed?
reduce speed to the minimum needed to stay on course
Visibility is restricted due to fog. What should the vessel operator do to avoid the risk of a collision?
type B
what type of fire extinguisher should you use on a gasoline fire?
U.S Coast Guard-approved visual distress signals
When boating on federally controlled waters in an 18-foot boat, what equipment are you legally required to have on board?
much greater effect while boating
How does the effect of alcohol consumed while boating compare to the effect on land?
keep a low center of gravity and three points of contact
What should paddlers do to protect against capsizing their canoe or kayak?
ridng on a sailboat
In florida, for which activity is it legal to wear an inflatable life jacket(PFD) ?
well away from the boat ramp
where should your trailer be located while you prepare to launch your vessel?
2,000 or more
what amount of property damage requires you to report a boaring accident under Florida law?
avoid explosions by removing flammable gases
what is the purpose of an inboard engine’s ventilation system?
Both vessels should keep to the starboard ( right)
what should operators of two powerboats or PWCs do when they are meeting head-on?
Aim at the base of the flames and sweep back and forth
What is the proper way to use a fire extinguisher?
number of people on board
What determines how many wearable PFDs you need on your vessel at any given time?
stop the engine
What should a vessel operator do when someone is being pulled into the boat from the water?
Which of the following will most reduce the chances of fatalities while on or around the water?
Wearing a properly fitted life jacket at all times
Why is it important to always be wearing a personal flotation device (PFD) when in or around the water?
A PFD takes some time to fit properly, especially in an emergency
Which of the following is the proper washing procedure for your Personal Flotation Device (PFD)?
Mild soap and water
How many fire extinguishers must be carried onboard motorized boats, with installed fuel tanks, that are between 26 and 40 feet in length?
Either two B I or a single B II
Where would the GREEN navigation light be located on the following powerboat?
Starboard (right) side
Which of the following marine distress signals would be most effective when operating after dark or during restricted visibility?
Flares
Which of the following terms is used to describe severe weather conditions?
Small craft advisory
Which of the following is a characteristic of low head dams?
They pose a hazard below and above the dam
How often should you change the oil in your boat’s engine?
At least once every boating season
How do you keep the weight evenly distributed on a trailered boat?
Tie down any loose items or equipment in the boat
Which of the following is an important safety precaution when fueling your vessel?
Do not smoke or have any open flames around the fueling area
Which of the following actions should you perform as part of a pre-departure checklist?
Inform all passengers of fire extinguisher locations
How can operators avoid damaging Submersed Aquatic Vegetation (SAV) beds that are usually found in shallow areas of water?
Reducing to ‘No Wake’ speed
A motorboat is easier to maneuver in which of the following conditions?
When travelling against the current
Which of the following is an example of showing courtesy towards other boaters and property owners on the water?
Discuss safe operation with anyone who operates your boat
In accordance with Homeland Security measures, recreational boaters should do which of the following?
Remain at least 100 yards from US Naval vessels
Which of the following is the responsibility of a boat operator?
Ensuring the vessel is in good working order
Because of the fatiguing effects of the sun, wind and motion of the boat, having one drink on the water is like having how many on shore?
3
Consuming alcohol or drugs before operating a boat increases the chances of which of the following?
A boating accident
Drugs and alcohol have which of the following effects on boat operators?
Diminished coordination
Which of the following is a rule of operator responsibility?
Always stay alert
In areas of heavy boat traffic, how can the operator reduce the chances of a collision?
Assign a responsible passenger to act as a second lookout
Which of the following is a legal requirement for boat operation?
Operators must use every available means to determine the risk of a collision
If approaching an area of high traffic density, what should a boat operator do?
Slow down
Which of the following is the most important factor when determining a safe speed?
Wind, water conditions and currents
When two vessels are in a crossing situation on the water, the vessel that must take early and substantial action to avoid a collision (Vessel A) is called which of the following?
Give-way vessel
Which of the following conditions would be best defined as “reduced visibility”?
Fog, rain or mist
Which of the following actions is required of Boat A while overtaking Boat B in darkness or reduced visibility?
Go around on either side
Which of the following is an information marker?
Square Marker
What does the following orange diamond non-lateral marker indicate?
Hazard – marks isolated hazards such as shoals and rocks
When docking your boat, you will have more control if the wind is coming from which direction?
In your face
When choosing an area to anchor your vessel what factors should you keep in mind?
Allow a 360-degree area of movement around your vessel
Which of the following actions can quickly lead to carbon monoxide poisoning?
Teak surfing behind any motorized vessel
In which of the following situations is it important to be aware of the propeller?
When swimming near a vessel
What should you do if you see a distress signal but cannot offer assistance without putting your vessel at risk?
Notify the nearest authorities who can assist
Which of the following is the major cause of fatalities involving small vessels?
Drowning from falls overboard
Of the following safe boating options, which is the best possible method to prevent drowning from a fall overboard or a capsizing?
Wearing a lifejacket at all times
Which of the following is an action that can help prevent a capsizing?
Take corners at a safe speed and angle
In cold water immersion, boaters who are not wearing a life jacket often drown as a result of which of the following?
Swimming failure
There are three things that a fire needs in order to start: (1) heat (like a match or spark); (2) oxygen; and (3) which of the following?
Fuel
Which of the following events will most likely occur if an operator encounters marker buoys indicating shallow water and thinks that they spot a sandbar up ahead?
The vessel could run aground
What is the purpose of having a safety lanyard onboard a personal watercraft (PWC)?
To stop the engine if the operator falls overboard
Since most personal watercraft (PWCs) do not have brakes, what must be done in order to avoid an obstacle?
Apply throttle and quickly steer
What Federal regulation must Personal Watercraft (PWC) operators adhere to just like all other powerboat operators?
Register the PWC with the state where it is operated
How should a ski boat operator approach a skier who has fallen?
On the operator’s side of the vessel
Which of the following precautions should be taken when operating near anglers or hunters?
Keep a lookout for boats near shore and keep a safe distance
According to a study of paddle sport accident statistics from 1995-2000, approximately half of all victims of canoeing and kayak related fatalities were doing what at the time?
Fishing
What useful information can be found on a capacity plate?
The maximum number of persons you may safely carry on your boat
Which of the following is a disadvantage of Type III: Flotation Aid Personal Flotation Devices (PFD)?
They may not turn an unconscious person face-up
A Personal Flotation Device (PFD) that is easily located and retrieved without searching, delay or hindrance is said to be which of the following?
Readily accessible
In the State of Florida, all passengers onboard a personal watercraft (PWC) MUST do which of the following?
Wear an approved personal flotation device (PFD) designed for the activity
In the State of Florida, what is the minimum Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) level in order to be considered “under the influence”?
0.08%
In the State of Florida, if not directly involved in diving activity when operating on rivers, inlets or navigation channels, vessels must travel at no wake speed when within how many feet of diver down flags?
100 feet
‘Teak surfing’ is strongly discouraged in the state of Florida, what is one of the main safety concerns involving this activity?
Carbon monoxide exposure
In the State of Florida, operators of personal watercraft (PWCs) equipped with an engine cutoff must do which of the following?
Attach the lanyard to their person
A boat operator less than 21 years of age is in violation of Florida law if their blood alcohol content is at or above what percentage?
0.02%
A Law Enforcement Officer may require an operator to submit to which of the following?
Breath and field sobriety tests
In the State of Florida, which of the following is required to operate a vessel?
Carry your Certificate of Registration onboard
In the State of Florida, a boating accident must be reported if which of the following is present?
Property damages are greater than $2,000
Who is responsible for the safety of the boat and the people onboard (i.e., ensuring all the required equipment is onboard)?
Operator/owner
What is the risk when a PWC passes too closely behind another boat?
The other boat may create a blind spot for the PWC operator
Vessel operators involved in a reportable boating accident must report the accident by the quickest means possible to:
all the above
A boat’s capacity plate gives the maximum weight and/or number of people the boat can carry safely in certain weather conditions. What are the conditions?
good weather
When you see a red flag or body with a white diagonal stripe ( divers down symbol), you must:
both A and C
Any person born on or after January 1,1988, who operates a vessel with a motor of 10 horsepower or greater must have the following:
proof of approved boater safety education
What is the purpose of a lanyard attached to an engine cut off switch?
to shut off the engine if the operator falls overboard
our boat capsizes but remains afloat , what should you do ?
hang onto to the boat or climb
When boating in shallow areas or seagrass beds, you see a mud trail in your wake where your boat has churned up the bottom, if you see this trail you should:
stop your vessel and pole or walk it out the area
What three ingredients ignite a fire?
heat,oxygen,fire
You are traveling upstream on a river. You see a red triangular daymark, why should you do?
keep the marker on your starboard (right side)
Which symbol on a regulatory marker is used to mark a swimming area?
range crossed diamond
A powerboat is operating at night. Which of these lights must be shown ?
white masthead light
A motor boat and a pic are approaching head-on. What action must be taken?
Both vessels should turn to the starboard (right) .
What should the operator of a stand on vessel do when encountering a giveaway vessel?
maintain course and speed unless the give way vessel does not take action
According to Florida law, what should be done with a badly discolored USCG-approved PFD with a torn strap.
discard and replace it
Where is the best place to put PFDs while you are out on your boat?
in an open bin near the passenger seats
Who is required to keep a proper lookout while boating?
operator
Which of the following is legal when operating a PWC?
Attaching the lanyard cut off switch to the operators PFD
Under Florida law, anyone riding on a PWC must wear what item?
USCG- approved non-inflatable PFD
Florida law prohibits anyone under the age of __ from operating a personal watercraft (pwc) ?
14
Which operation on a PWC requires more than idle speed ?
steering
What happens when a PWCs steering control is turned to the right?
The back of the PWC is pushed to the left, and the PWC turns right.
What is the best way to rebound a PWC?
from the rear of the PWC over the stern
What is the primary cause of boating fatalities?
Falling overboard and drowning
Boaters under 21 years of age who are found with a measurable breath alcohol level of _ or higher are in violation of Florida law.
0.02
What should you do to avoid colliding with another boat?
look in all directions before making any turns.
State Law requires that scuba divers and snorkelers display a divers down warning device whenever they are :
IN THE WATER
Florida Law requires a person born on or after January 1,1988 who is operating a boat powered by a motor of 10 horsepower or greater on florida waters to:
successfully complete an approved boating safety course and to obtain and have on board a florida boating safety education id card and photographic Identification card.
What piece of equipment on a boat is most important in preventing propeller strike injuries?
:Engine cut-off switch lanyard
What should you do if the motor on your boat catches fire?
shut off the fuel supply if possible
When traveling in a known manatee corridors or habitat areas, boaters should be aware and use caution. You should :
All the Above
What does a green can-shaped buoy mark?
The edge of a channel on a boaters (left) side when entering from the open sea or heading upstream.
In addition to an all around white light, which light or lights must power-driven vessels less than 65.5 feet (20 meters) long exhibit when underway between sunset and sunrise?
Red and Green Sidelight
A powerboat is about to cross paths with a sailboat under sail. What should the powerboat do?
Do whatever is necessary to stay clear of the sailboat.
You are approaching another boat . assume that according to the navigational rules, you are the stand-on boat, which exception to the rules means you must give way ?
The other boat has difficulty maneuvering
Florida regulates boat speeds/operation in certain areas to:
All of the Above
According to florida law, during which situation must chidren under 6 years of age wear a USCG-approved PFD (life jacket) at all times?
Cruising on any vessel less than 26 feet in length
PFDs (Life jackets) must be in servicable condition, be the proper size for the intended wearer,and be __.
Readily accessible
Which of these is a factor that determines if a speed is safe for your boat?
hazards in the water
When towing someone with a PWC, one of the requirements is?
An Observer or wide-angle rearview mirror is required
Under Florida Law, which persons on board a PWC must wear a PFD (life jacket)?
Everyone on board
In Florida, what is the minimum age required to sign a rental contract to rent a personal watercraft (PWC)?
18
What is the most important thing when steering a PWC?
you lose all steering control when the engine is idling or shut off.
What happens when a PWC steering control is turned to the right?
The back of the PWC is pushed to the left, and the PWC turns right
Which part of a PWC is dangerous to your hands, feet, and hair?
pump intake area
by florida law, you are involved in a reportable accident with injuries, what must you do before leaving the scene?
provide assistance to injured person
when boating in Florifa, who has the primary responsibility for the safety of all persons aboard a recreational boat?
boat operator
A PWC must operated in a reasonable prudent manner. it is illegal to:
All the above
You see a white marker with an orange crossed diamond and black lettering. What does this marker tell you?
danger or hazards
what is most likely to cause someone to fall overboard ?
moving around the boat while underway
Which side of a boat has a red light at night?
port (left)
gunwale
stern
keel
port.
what should you do to avoid colliding with another boat
keep a sharp watch, and appoint lookout
A motorboat is crossing paths with a PWC. What action should be taken?
the vessel on the port (left) should give way.
All boats operating between sunset and sunrise
Turn on navigation lights
What must you do when anchoring at night?
Turn on an all-around white light
In the United States, what is the safety and distress calling frequency?
VHF Channel 16
HF Channel 16
Mechanical
At a minimum, what should a non-powered canoe or kayak display in reduced visibility?
All around white light
Which is a characteristic of a Type III PFD?
It will not turn most unconscious wearers face-up
When paddling a canoe at night, which piece of equipment should be carried to help avoid a collision?
Flashlight
According to the Navigation Rules, which must be aboard a 22-foot powerboat?
A whistle or horn
If pyrotechnic visual distress signals are used, how many must be onboard?
3
What type of boat requires navigation lights?
All boats operating between sunset and sunrise
The tongue weight of a trailer should be what percent of the Gross Trailer Weight Rating (GTWR)?
5 to 15%
Trailer ratings are based on what?
The total weight of the trailer and boat
What is the best course of action if you see a thunderstorm approaching?
Put your life jacket on, secure crew and gear, and keep a sharp lookout
Tide tables contain which of the following?
The height of the tide
What currents are a result of the movement of the sun and the moon?
Tidal currents
What should you do when operating a boat in large waves and high wind?
Head into the waves at a slight angle and reduce speed
What is an important step in the fueling process?
Ensuring electrical switches are off
In many states, trailers with a GVWR of 1,500 pounds or greater are required by law to have what equipment?
Brakes
When retrieving a boat at a ramp what should be avoided?
Power loading onto the trailer
How much fuel is it illegal to spill overboard?
Any amount that causes a sheen
What should you do when operating in conditions of reduced visibility?
Turn on navigation lights
What is being signaled when you hear 5 short blasts from another vessel’s horn?
They are indicating a dangerous situation exists
A boat less than 12 meters (39.4 feet) in length, must have which of the following aboard?
Sound signaling device
Which statement is true concerning visual distress signals?
Flares are rated for day, night or combined day/night use
Boating safety advocates suggest that adults wear a PFD during what activity?
At all times when on the water
Which of the following is required to have a backfire flame arrestor?
A boat with a gasoline inboard engine
According to the Navigation Rules, which must be aboard a 22-foot powerboat?
A whistle or horn
How often should the inflator on a Type V PFD be checked?
Every time it is worn
Which class of trailer hitch is best suited for a boat and its equipment weighing less than 2,000 pounds?
Class I
When are lights required to be installed on a trailer?
Lights are required on every trailer
Water current has the greatest effect on which type of boat?
Displacement sailboat
What test can be performed to detect a leak after fueling a gasoline-powered boat
Sniff test
Which safety precaution should be taken first by a boat operator when boating in stormy weather?
Make sure all aboard are wearing USCG-approved PFDs
Where should non-essential passengers stand during the fueling process?
Ashore
How many minutes should a blower be operated before starting an engine?
Four
Which one of the following is designated as a mooring buoy?
White buoy with horizontal blue stripe
When is a sailboat the stand-on vessel in relations to a recreational power boat?
Only when under sail alone and is crossing the path of the powerboat
Which of the following is true about the use of alcohol while boating?
It is against the law to operate a vessel while intoxicated
Which of the following is recommended when docking your boat?
Have your fenders and dock lines ready before you approach the dock
When can a Navigation Rule be overlooked?
If necessary to avoid immediate danger
Maintaining a proper lookout using human sight and hearing applies to boats under what circumstances?
All boats at all hours
What is the proper technique for anchoring?
From the bow
What is the term for the disturbed water left behind as a boat moves through the water?
Wake
On a recreational boat, the location of emergency equipment (life jackets, fire extinguishers, visual distress signals, radio, etc.) should be reviewed before departure with which persons?
Everyone aboard
Under the Navigation Rules, in which situation is it OK to break the rules?
hen absolutely necessary to avoid a collision
What should you do if you suddenly find yourself in cold water?
Put on a PFD and get into the HELP position
What should you do if your small open boat capsizes?
Stay with the boat and signal for help
If you run your boat aground, what should you do first?
Calmly assess the situation and get everyone to don PFDs
What type of report must be filed if there is an accident while boating?
Boating Accident Report
How many B1 fire extinguishers must motorboats between 26 and 40 feet have aboard?
Two
In general, what are dry chemical fire extinguishers designed to do?
Smother the fire
What should you do if your boat capsizes?
Stay with the boat
If you run aground in an outboard boat and you are not taking on water, what is the first step in attempting to free your vessel?
Stop the engine and lift it
Which one of the following is a Coast Guard requirement for fire extinguishers?
Must be maintained in a fully charged usable condition
What does the letter “B” on a B-1 fire extinguisher indicate??
The type of fire it is designed to extinguish
What must you do to maintain steerage on a personal water craft?
You must apply the throttle
Other than a PFD, what two things must be aboard every personal watercraft?
Fire extinguisher and emergency signaling devices
Personal water craft are considered what type of motor vessel?
Class A
When passing through a lock, which light means “approach the lock under full control?”
Amber
When loading a small open boat, which of the following is important?
Do not exceed any of the recommended limits as found on the capacity plate
What is the leading cause of PWC accidents?
Striking an object
The U.S. Coast Guard considers personal watercraft what kind of boat?
Class “A” Inboard Boats
Carbon monoxide poisoning is sometimes mistakenly identified as what?
Seasickness
Which of the following can help detect a carbon monoxide build up?
A carbon monoxide detector
Which of the following is a symptom of carbon monoxide poisoning?
Nausea
What should sportsman always consider when hunting from a boat?
Most accidents happen in open motorboats 16 feet or less
What does a slashing hand motion over the neck mean by a waterskiing participant?
Cut the motor or stop
What do courteous PWC operators always do?
Control speed, noise and wake
Which of the following is a recommended practice for PWC operation?
Using courtesy and common sense at all times
Which of the following is required equipment for personal watercraft?
Fire extinguisher, emergency signaling devices and PFDs
Which is a recommended water-skiing safety practice?
Holding up a ski after falling
Which of the following is a symptom of carbon monoxide poisoning?
Drowsiness and nausea
what special care must you take with your hull identification number (HIN)
Be careful not to remove or destroy this number
When is the best time for cleaning your boat to stop the spread of aquatic nuisance species?
Before you leave the ramp area
A cathedral hull allows a boat to do what?
Get up on a plane quicker
What is true of a no discharge zone or NDZ?
Discharge of sewage is illegal
Which of the following is a requirement for PFDs?
Must be properly sized for the intended wearer
Which of the following is a legal requirement for a PFD?
Must be in good, serviceable condition
Which of the following is required to be carried aboard a 25 foot powerboat when operating at night?
Approved visual distress signals
Which of the following items are required on a 12 foot inflatable dinghy?
A PDF for each person on board
Which of the following is a characteristic of an overloaded boat?
Handles Poorly
What must a Type III Sanitation Device have when boating on inland waters?
Closed and secured Y valve
What does a marine pump out station do?
Pumps out waste from holding tanks
On power-driven vessels, which of the following is true of navigation lights?
Must be turned on during periods of restricted visibility
If another boat signals their intention to pass you from astern, what should you do?
Answer with the same signal if in agreement and maintain course and speed
Which of the following indicates an emergency situation aboard?
Orange Smoke blowing from a boat
In the United States, what is the VHF radio safety and distress calling channel?
16
Why is the height of a VHF radio antenna important?
VHF radio works by the line of sight principle
What should you do with a torn PFD?
Discard and replace it – do not attempt to fix it
Which if the following is required to have a backfire arrestor?
A boat wit a gasoline inboard engine
Inboard gasoline boats built after July 31st, 1980 must have what type of ventilation system?
Mechanical
Which of the following is required on federally-controlled waters for boats less than 39.4 feet?
Sound producing device
USCG regulations require that a 14 foot powerboat carry which of the following items between sunset and sunrise?
Navigation Lights
By law, what must you do if oil or fuel spills into the water?
Report it to the U.S. Coast Guard National Response Center
In Navigation Rules, what must give-way boats do?
Keep clear of stand-on boats
According to the Navigation Rules, which of the following is true?
An overtaking boat always gives way to the boat being overtaken.
When approaching a mooring buoy, which of the following should you do?
Approach slowly
What information is most important when passing near a lighthouse?
water depth
When a sailboat overtakes a powerboat, which vessel is the stand-on vessel?
Powerboat
When returning from sea, a green navigation buoy should be passed in what manner?
always kept on port side
What does a regulatory buoy with a diamond symbol indicate?
Danger
When returning to homeport from seaward and you see a red buoy, how should you respond?
Keep the buoy on your starboard side
What should a boater do with a float plan?
Give it to a friend or relative ashore
The state of visibility should be a determining factor when deciding what?
A safe operating speed
What is the requirement for Coast Guard assistance when a vessel is aground?
When the grounded vessel or crew are in immediate danger
What is the best way to avoid running aground?
look at the nautical chart
What is the primary responsibility for a vessel operator assisting a boat in destress?
Keeping his/her vessel and him/herself out of danger
Which is the major cause of fatalities involving small boats?
falling overboard and drowning
where should you aim a fire extinguisher’s stream when extinguishing a fire?
At the base of the fiire and use sweeping motion
What does a red flag with a diagonal white stripe mean?
diver in water
What must be visible to law enforcement personnel while operating a PWC?
Registration numbers
Which is characteristic of low head dams?
They poze hazards both above and below dams
Florida law states that a boater is considered to be under the influence if he or she has a blood or breath alcohol concentration of
.08 or greater
In Florida, skiing and towing activities may only take place when?
1/2 hour before sunrise to 1/2 hour past sunset
People born on or after January 1, 1988 who operate a powerboat of atleast what horsepower (hp) are required to carry a Florida boating education card?
10
Every person watercraft is required to wear what in Florida?
Connect it to the operator at all times
How old must a person be to operate a personal watercraft in Florida?
14
How old must a person be to rent a personal watercraft in Florida?
18
port
the left side of a boat looking forward
starboard
the right side of a boat looking forward
bow
the forward part of the boat
stern
the back part of the boat
beam
the width of the boat at its widest point
freeboard
the minimum vertical distance from the surface of the water to the gunwale
draft
The depth of water required for a boat to float freely
keel
The centerline of a boat running fore and aft (front to back); the backbone of a vessel
propeller
A type of fan that transmits power by converting rotational motion into thrust
waterline
The line marked on the hull of the boat that separates the submerged part of the boat from the part above the water level.
cleat
A fitting on ships, boats, and docks to which ropes are tied
gunwale
The top edges of the sides of your boat
motorboat definition
all boats driven by propulsion machinery
What determines the safety equipment you must carry?
the length of your boat and the type of engine
“length overall” (LOA)
the measurement of a boat from the tip of the bow in a straight line to the stern
hull design- displacement vessel
designed to move through the water with minimum propulsion
have a large underwater profile and ride comfortably and slowly
ex. large sailing boat
hull design- planing vessel
designed to rise up and ride on top of the water when powered
more horsepower and speed
hull type- flat bottom boat
can get up on plane easily but tend to give a bumpy ride
less stable and need careful balancing of the cargo and crew
hull type- vee bottom boat
has a sharper entry into the water that provides a smoother ride in rough water; need more power to achieve the same speed.
hull type- round bottom boat
move easily through the water, especially at slow speeds; need a deep keel or stabilizers to stop them rolling.
hull type- multi hull boat
Catamarans, trimarans, pontoon boats and some houseboats use the multi-hull design; wide stance provides greater stability
propulsion type- outboard
motor on the outside of a boat; light, powerful; self-contained propulsion system- includes the engine, transmission, shaft and propeller
propulsion type- stern drive
combines an inboard engine and a lower outboard drive unit attached near the base of the transom
Stern drives are often favored over outboards especially on larger motorboats because the main power supply is like a small automobile engine, easily accessible and more powerful
propulsion type- inboards
The engine is mounted inside the watercraft. It is placed near the center for good weight distribution; most popular on motorboats over twenty-six feet in length
propulsion type- jet drive
Jet drives are usually inboard engines that take in water flowing through an impeller-powered pump. The water is then discharged through a nozzle at high pressure. This propels the boat forward. The nozzle swivels to provide steering to the boat. PWCs are usually equipped with a jet drive unit. These systems do not have propellers that can be dangerous to people in the water and marine life
capacity plate
displays: (1) The maximum persons capacity (number of people or number of pounds) (2) The maximum carrying weight – persons, motor & gear (pounds). (3) The maximum horsepower recommended for the boat
Federal law requires that boat builders put a capacity plate on monohull motorboats less than __ feet in length
20
to determine by hand capacity plate for boats without one that need it:
Determine the maximum number of people for the boat:Boat length (ft.) x boat width (ft.) / 15 = number of people
Determine the maximum horsepower for the boat:
Boat length (ft.) x boat width (ft.) = compare the answer to this chart:
If answer is: 35 or less, 36-39, 40-42, 43-45, 46-52
Maximum HP is:3, 5, 7.5, 10, 15
Too much weight in the bow causes the boat to __
plow through the water
too much weight in the stern will create _
a large wake
In rough seas, bad weather or when operating in congested areas, you should __
carry a lighter load
it is illegal to…
operate a monohull boat of less than 20 feet in length while exceeding the maximum weight, persons, or horsepower capacity as displayed on the manufacturer’s capacity plate
the Registration Certificate and registration number should be displayed where?
on the outside of your boat
The following vessels are exempt from registration:
Non-motor-powered vessels less than 16 feet in length.
Non-motor-powered canoes, kayaks, racing shells or rowing sculls, regardless of length.
Vessels used exclusively on private lakes and ponds.
Vessels used exclusively as lifeboats.
Vessels owned by the U.S. government.
Vessels from out of state that have their state registration in full force and effect that are only in Florida for up to 90 days
All non-exempt vessels must be registered and numbered within _ days of purchase
30
Registration numbers:
Must be displayed on the forward half of your vessel well above the waterline.
Must be painted or applied as a decal, where law enforcement officials can read it.
Must be letters and numbers in BLOCK style, at least 3 inches in height, and must contrast in color with the hull.
Must be letters and number that read from left to right and have a space (FL 4252 AF) or hyphen (FL-3534-AF) to separate letters and numbers.
Registration decals must:
Be renewed upon expiration.
Be within 6 inches of, either in front of or behind, the registration number, on the port (left) side of the watercraft.
Be displayed in line with the numbers.
Show the expiration date.
Be removed when expired.
The hull identification number (HIN)
the boat’s serial number
Boats built after 1972 must have a Hull Identification Number (HIN) permanently attached to the transom on the starboard side above the waterline.
necessary to title and register the boat.
must also be permanently attached in a second unexposed (hidden) location.
The water system simply takes water from the body surrounding the boat, pumps it through the engine to draw out the generated heat and discharges the heated water through the exhaust system. What are the benefits of this discharge?
This discharge has two benefits. It cools the exhaust and also muffles the sound of the exhaust.
When you start your boat, make sure that water is being discharged from the exhaust system. Why?
This indicates that the cooling system is operational
DO NOT START THE ENGINE WITHOUT WATER BEING SUPPLIED TO THE COOLING SYSTEM. Why?
The impeller will burn out quickly without water to cool and lubricate it, and the engine could seize because of overheating
The Refuse Act prohibits what?
the dumping of plastic refuse, and garbage mixed with plastic, into any waters.
Regulations issued under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act require all vessels with propulsion machinery to be able to retain oily mixtures on board. A __ is suitable as a portable means of discharging oily waste on recreational vessels.
bucket or bailer
You must immediately notify the __ if your vessel discharges oil or hazardous substances in the water.
National Response Center
oil placard
The Federal Water Pollution Control Act prohibits the discharge of oil or hazardous substances that may be harmful into U.S. navigable waters. Boats 26 feet in length and over must display a placard at least 5X8 inches, made of durable material, fixed in a conspicuous place in the machinery spaces or at the bilge pump control station, stating the following:
garbage disposal placard
Boats 26 feet and longer must display a “Save Our Seas” Garbage Disposal Placard that outlines the rules of dumping waste offshore.
waste management plan
U.S. recreational boats 40 feet or longer and equipped with a galley and berthing are required to carry a Waste Management Plan if the watercraft operates, or is certified to operate, more than 3 nautical miles from shore.
The Waste Management Plan, identifying the boat’s name and homeport, should be posted and include directives to all passengers and/or crew about:
Discharge of sewage and hazardous substances.
Discharge of garbage and other food waste.
Disposal of plastics, bottles, and cans.
Applicable placards for additional information.
Advising the captain in case of oily discharges or diesel spills.
the “Clean Water Act” means that if a toilet is installed, it must be equipped with a US Coast Guard-approved __ to treat, process and store raw sewage.
Marine Sanitation Device (MSD)
no discharge zone
areas of water that require greater environmental protection and where even the discharge of treated sewage could be harmful.
Generally, all inland waters, freshwater lakes, and rivers are considered No Discharge Zones, and discharge of human waste is prohibited
Pump-out Station
Where you dump your shit, literally. You will need to locate a marina displaying this symbol if you use a portable toilet or Type III MSD holding tank on your boat.
Aquatic nuisance species
non-indigenous species that threaten the diversity or abundance of native aquatic species.
Two such ANS are the Zebra mussel and the Quagga mussel
You can help prevent the introduction and spread of non-native species from one body of water to another by checking, draining, cleaning and drying your boat.
We recommend that you follow these steps:
Thoroughly check the boat and trailer for any plants or mussels.
Drain the water from your motor.
Thoroughly wash the hull of each watercraft.
Drain all water, and dry all areas.
Drain and dry the lower outboard unit.
Clean and dry all live-wells.
how to prevent the introduction and spread of non-native species from one body of water to another
by checking, washing, draining, and drying your boat and trailer.
We recommend that you follow these steps:
Thoroughly check the boat and trailer for any plants or mussels
Drain the water from your motor
Thoroughly wash the hull of the watercraft, the trailer, and all equipment (high-pressure washing at 140° F is recommended)
Drain all water and dry all areas
Drain and dry the lower outboard unit
Clean and dry all live-wells
Empty your bait bucket on land, well away from the water
Allow all equipment to air dry at least 48 hours after it is dry to the touch before launching in another area.
One _ for each person aboard is required and they should be stowed where readily accessible and correctly sized for the persons using them
wearable PFD/life jacket
In addition to a wearable PFD for each person, one __, which should be immediately available, is also required on each boat 16 feet or larger.
Type IV throwable device
about PFDs
Any time you feel in danger or simply apprehensive about a situation remember the following: when in doubt, get it out, and put it on.
According to USCG recreational boating statistics, drowning is the cause of approximately % of all fatal boating accidents. Of those that drowned, around % were not wearing a life jacket.
70 , 90
Type I PFD
OFFSHORE LIFE JACKET, provides the most buoyancy. It is effective for all waters, especially open, rough, or remote waters where rescue may be delayed. It is designed to turn most unconscious wearers in the water to a face-up position
Type II PFD
NEAR-SHORE BUOYANT VEST is intended for calm, inland water or where there is a good chance of quick rescue. This type will turn some unconscious wearers to a face-up position.
Type III PFD
FLOTATION AID, is good for calm, inland water, or where there is a good chance of quick rescue. This PFD type will not turn unconscious wearers to a face-up position.
Type IV PFD
THROWABLE DEVICE, is intended for calm, inland water; It is designed to be thrown to a person in the water
Type V PFD
Special Use Devices, are intended for use during special activities (such as windsurfing, kayaking, or waterskiing) or in specific conditions. Type V PFDs have different designs depending on their intended use.
Inflatable PFDs are not for use when _ is expected, such as when waterskiing, riding personal watercraft, or whitewater paddling
water impact
What characteristics of inflatable PFDs are different than inherently buoyant PFDs?
Inflatable PFDs are not inherently buoyant and will not float without inflation
After you have activated your inflatable PFD, replace the __ and re-arm.
CO2 cartridge
If your PFD is discolored, torn or has torn straps, discard and replace it. A PFD and/or lifejacket become __ if it has been repaired or altered. This means it is no longer usable and must be thrown away and replaced as the floatability may be compromised.
void
Who does your PFD need to be approved by?
USCG
To ensure the proper fit of a PFD, have the wearer put on a PFD and adjust the straps as necessary to ensure a snug fit. Have the wearer raise his or her arms above their head. With his or her arms raised above their head, pull-up firmly on the upper straps of the PFD. What will a properly fitting PFD NOT do?
A properly fitted PFD will not ride higher than the ears or mouth of the wearer and will keep the head and chin out of the water.
Always choose a USCG-approved life jacket that is the correct size for the __ of the person.
weight
Use the __ test to see if your life jacket fits properly. Lift your arms above your head as if calling a “touchdown.” The chest portion of the jacket should not touch your chin when you look left, right or over your shoulder. If the jacket passes this test, it most likely fits.
“touchdown”
A properly fitting jacket should be snug but not _
tight
All straps should be intact and __ at all times.
fastened
When is an inflatable PFD considered “readily available”?
Inflatable PFD are only considered readily available while being worn
Vessels _ feet in length or longer must also additionally carry at least one USCG-approved throwable (Type IV) PFD that is immediately available in case somebody should fall overboard.
16
Children under the age of __ must wear a USCG-approved Type I, II or III PFD while on board a vessel under 26 feet in length while the vessel is underway.
6
Florida state law requires every vessel to carry one wearable USCG-approved PFD for __
each person on board.
sidelights
A red light on the port side and a green light on the starboard side, each displaying a constant beam and affixed in a manner that the light is projected to the front and sides allow you to determine if the oncoming craft is heading towards you or from one side or another.
sternlight
A white light placed as closely as practical at the stern shining constantly, affixed in a manner so that the light will shine out at 135 degrees from the back of the boat and affixed to show the light from aft on each side of a pleasure craft
masthead light
A white light placed over the fore and aft centreline of a pleasure craft shining constantly and affixed to show the light from straight ahead to either side of a pleasure craft.
all round light
A white light shining constantly over the horizon at an arc of 360 degrees
by looking at the _ of the other craft’s navigation lights, you can tell who has the right-of-way when two crafts meet during nighttime navigation.
colour
Power-driven vessels (less than 23 feet long)
Vessels whose maximum speed cannot exceed 7 knots may exhibit an all-around white light (360 degrees) and, if practicable, sidelights instead of the lights prescribed above, in international waters only.
Sailing Vessels (less than 65.6 feet long)
Sailing vessels less than 23.0 feet (7 meters) may carry an electric torch or lighted lantern showing a white light to be displayed in sufficient time to prevent collision. If practicable, the lights required for sailing vessels less than 20 meters should be displayed.
Vessels under oars (kayaks & canoes)
A canoe or kayak may display the lights required for sailing vessels. Otherwise, you must have an electric torch or lighted lantern (flashlight) showing a white light to hand and to be displayed in enough time to prevent a collision.
Anchored Vessels
Power-driven vessels and sailing vessels at anchor must display anchor lights. An anchor light for a vessel less than 50 meters in length is an all-around white light visible for 2 miles and exhibited where it can best be seen.
Vessels less than __ meters are not required to display anchor lights or day shapes unless anchored in or near a narrow channel, fairway or anchorage, or where other vessels normally navigate
7
If you see a green light and a white light:
It means that you are approaching the starboard side of a power-driven vessel
If you see a green light only:
It means that you are approaching the starboard side of a sailing vessel
If you see a red light and a white light:
It means that you are approaching the port side of a power-driven vessel
If you see a red light only
It means that you are approaching the port side of a sailing vessel.
If you see a red light, a green light, and a white light
It means that you are approaching another power-driven vessel head-on.
If you see a red light and a green light, but there is no white light:
It means that you are approaching a sailing vessel head-on. Sailing vessels only have a stern light that illuminates just the back of the boat.
If you see a white light only:
It could indicate that:
you are approaching an anchored craft; or
you are overtaking a power-driven vessel or a sailing vessel (you see the stern); or
you are approaching a vessel under oars or a sailing vessel of less than 7 meters
Navigation lights should be checked when?
before leaving the dock
The letter on the extinguisher (A, B, C, or D) indicates the class of fire. The number is a measure of the capacity of the extinguisher – the larger the number, the _ the capacity of extinguishing material to put out a fire.
greater
Fire Extinguisher A
“A” is for combustible solids like wood
Fire Extinguisher B
“B” is for flammable liquids such as gasoline
Fire Extinguisher C
“C” is for electrical fires
Fire Extinguisher D
“D” is for combustible metals like magnesium
What does the ventilation system do?
The ventilation system removes fuel vapors from the bilge by circulating air through the engine and fuel tank compartments, which will help prevent a fire or explosion from occurring
natural ventilation system
A natural ventilation system consists of at least two ventilator ducts, fitted with cowls or their equivalent:
A minimum of one intake duct installed to extend at least midway to the bilge or at least below the level of the carburetor air intake.
A minimum of one exhaust duct installed to extend from the open atmosphere to the lower portion of the bilge
powered ventilation system
All boats built after July 31st, 1982, that have an inboard engine or installed fuel tanks are required to have a powered ventilation system. A powered ventilation system consists of one or more exhaust blowers. Each intake duct for an exhaust blower should be in the lower one-third of the compartment and above the normal accumulation of bilge water.
ventilation maintenance
Make sure:
Openings are free of obstructions.
Ducts are not blocked or torn,
Blowers are operating properly,
Worn out parts are replaced with equivalent marine type equipment.
Flame arrestors must be in good and serviceable condition.
They must be approved by one of the following organizations:
, , or ___
This is required for all motorboats except outboards and diesels.
U.S. Coast Guard
Underwriters Laboratories (UL1111)
Society of Automotive Engineers Standard (SAE J-1928)
for sound- vessels less than 39.4 feet long
Vessels less than 39.4 feet long: An efficient sound-producing device, such as a horn or whistle is required. The required device for boats of this size must be audible for ½ mile.
for sound- Vessels 39.4 feet long or greater
Vessels 39.4 feet long or greater: A bell is required in addition to a horn or whistle. The required device for boats of this size must be audible for ½ mile
visual distress signals- types of pyrotechnic devices
Red flare (hand-held)
Orange smoke (hand-held or floating) – Day use only
Red meteor flare (launcher)
Parachute flare (launcher)
visual distress signals- non-pyrotechnic devices
Orange distress cloth or flag
Electric distress signal
Arm signal
These vessels are not required to carry day signals but must carry night signals whenoperating from sunset to sunrise:
Recreational boats less than 16 feet in length.
Boats participating in organized events such as races, regattas, or marine parades.
Open sailboats less than 26 feet in length not equipped with propulsion machinery.
Manually propelled boats.
A minimum of __ visual distress signals must be carried. Visual distress signals must be USCG-approved, in serviceable condition, and readily accessible.
3
The following items should be carried aboard:
VHF Radio
Anchor and ground tackle
Bilge pump and or bailer
Boat hook
Charts and navigation publications
Compass
Detectors and alarms
Fenders
Lines
First aid kit
Flashlight and searchlight
Spare parts and tools
distress
is defined as a situation where you or your boat are threatened by grave danger with loss of life or loss of the watercraft being imminent
Channel _ is the hailing and emergency channel
16
Use a maritime VHF radio to signal distress:
If you are in extreme danger (for example, your boat is taking on water and you are in danger of sinking or capsizing), use your VHF radio channel 16 and say “Mayday, Mayday, Mayday.”
If you need help but are not in immediate danger (for example, your motor has died and you cannot reach shore), use channel 16 and say “PanPan, PanPan, PanPan”.
If you find yourself in a difficult situation, to keep up-to-date about the changing weather and the most recent navigation security alerts put out by the authorities (such as a cargo boat navigating in narrow waters that could put your safety at risk) simply call “Coast Guard, Coast Guard, Coast Guard”
Channel _ is the U.S. Coast Guard’s channel
22A
What to tell the coast guard:
Your location or position (make sure you know where you are at all times).
Exact nature of the problem (special problems).
Number of people on board.
Your boat name, registration and description.
Safety equipment on board.
If you are buying a new VHF radio, make sure it has the new _ feature on channel 70. This provides automatic digital distress alerts. VHF channel 70 is only used for DSC (digital) communication.
Digital Selective Calling (DSC)
you may be able to get search and rescue assistance from the nearest Coast Guard Marine Communications and Traffic Service centre by dialling _ on a cell phone,
*16
Using a cell phone is not the best way to issue a distress call, because:
Cell phones can lose their signal or get wet or damaged.
Calling from your cell phone does not alert nearby vessels that you are in distress — they could help you if they hear you.
Some cell phone signals cannot be traced to your location by rescuers.
Not all cell phone providers offer the *16 service. Find out if this service is available for your phone.
Cell phones can lose their signal or get wet or damaged.
Calling from your cell phone does not alert nearby vessels that you are in distress — they could help you if they hear you.
Some cell phone signals cannot be traced to your location by rescuers.
Not all cell phone providers offer the *16 service. Find out if this service is available for your phone.
Pre-Boarding Checklist: PFDs
At least one Coast Guard-approved device per passenger and a minimum of two on board.
An additional throwable device is required if the vessel is 16 feet or longer.
Explain the location and use of all PFDs to passengers and crew that may be new to the vessel.
Pre-Boarding Checklist: Sound Signaling Devices
Must have a horn capable of producing a four-second blast audible for at least 1/2 mile.
If a portable air horn, have a spare can of air or an alternate device (Whistle).
Pre-Boarding Checklist: Navigation Lights
All navigation lights as required.
Instrumental lights working.
If you intend to engage in an activity that requires a day shape, have the required shapes.
Flashlight on-board.
Pre-Boarding Check List: Visual Distress Signals
Accessible flares, day signals, etc., stored in a dry location.
Carry signals at all times even if not required by the Coast Guard.
Inform the crew and passengers of their location and their use
Pre-Boarding Checklist: Tools and Spares
Basic tool box on-board.
Box of spares aboard, e.g., fuel filter, light bulbs, head parts, through hull plugs, etc.
Pre-Boarding Checklist: Ventilation
On any powered vessel or auxiliary powered sailboat, or vessels using LPG for cooking or heat, check that all interior spaces are well ventilated before departure.
If fuel smells are detected before ventilating, check after running the blowers for several minutes before starting.
If odor persists, stop and look for the source of the leak.
Pre-Boarding Checklist: Fire Extinguishers
Accessible fire extinguisher. Do you have at least those required by the U.S.C.G.?
Check to be sure mounts are secure and functional before departure.
Take the time to point out locations to passengers and crew.
Pre-Boarding Checklist: Fuel and Oil
Are your tanks topped-off?
If not, have enough fuel to provide a reasonable margin of safety for your return.
Check the engine oil and coolant level.
Pre-Boarding Checklist: Bilges
Check to be sure bilges are reasonably dry and that pumps are not running excessively.
Clean up any spilled oil or waste in bilges so as to prevent overboard discharge
Pre-Boarding Checklist: Battery
If you have a dual charging system, is the selector switch in the proper position?
Is the power on to the entire vessel?
Spare batteries for accessories such as a handheld radio, flashlight, portable navigational aid, etc.
If they are rechargeable, are they charged?
Pre-Boarding Checklist: Weather Forecast
Did you check the weather forecast?
Radio on board to receive weather updates.
Pre-Boarding Checklist: Boarding and Anchoring
At least one anchor set up and bent-on to your anchor line.
Two or three extra docklines in case of unusual conditions dockside.
Visually inspect the lines you use for chafe or wear.
At least two fenders on-board for docking or towing if required
Pre-Boarding Checklist: Documentation
Have the ship’s papers, radio license, fishing permit, etc. on board.
Have the chart or charts for the area you intend to cruise in, regardless of your level of local knowledge
Before departure, the boat operator should conduct an onboard safety discussion and review the following emergency equipment with everyone on board:
Locate PFDs, explain when to put them on, demonstrate how, and emphasize the importance of proper fit.
Locate fire extinguishers and explain their use if there is a fire emergency.
Locate required flares (VDS) and explain why, when and how they are used.
Point out the location of the first aid kit.
Point out location of anchor and explain briefly how to use and deploy it.
Explain operation of the Marine Radio (if equipped) and explain its use during an emergency.
Have a discussion of weather watching and explain passenger/crew duties and responsibilities in the case you encounter heavy weather.
Prior to docking or undocking, explain fully the procedures for line handling. Use terms describing lines that the passengers/crew can understand or explain the terms you use.
Explain what to do in case of operations emergencies such as losing steering, loosing an engine, etc.
Explain procedures and responsibilities of passengers and crew in case of a crew overboard situation.
Appoint others on board to serve as lookouts for people in the water, marine life, and submerged obstructions (including coral reefs, where applicable).
The trailer must have a load capacity adequate to carry the boat, motor, fuel and all equipment which may be carried in the boat as it is trailered. By law, trailers are classified by the maximum amount they may weigh when fully loaded. It is strongly recommended that you never exceed _ of a trailer’s total capacity
85%
Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR)
Class 1 – GVWR to 2000 lbs. (suggest 1700)
Class 2 – GVWR to 3500 lbs. (suggest 2975)
Class 3 – GVWR to 5000 lbs. (suggest 4250)
Class 4 – GVWR + 5000 lbs. (suggest 85%)
Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR)
describes the minimum tire rating needed for that load
The chains for the trailer hitch should be crossed under the __
trailer tongue
In addition to the trailer’s capacity weight, you must also consider “tongue weight.” The weight of the trailer tongue that attaches to the towing vehicle should not be more than _ of the total weight of the rig.
7% to 10%
What happens if the weight isn’t right
Too much weight on the rear of the trailer will cause the trailer to fishtail and may reduce traction or lift the rear wheels of the tow vehicle off the ground.
Too much weight on the hitch will cause the rear wheels of the tow vehicle to drag and may make steering more difficult.
Safe Towing Preparation
Drain accumulated water from the boat’s bilge.
Lower the tongue socket onto the ball on the trailer hitch and lock together securely.
Connect trailer lights to towing vehicle and check turn signals, brake lights and backup lights.
Attach safety chains from trailer to tow vehicle securely in a criss-cross fashion.
Check tie-down straps and winch and cable.
Make sure wheel bearings run free and are properly lubricated.
Check tire pressure, lug nuts and test brakes.
Make sure to stow drain plug in the boat so any remaining water can drain and it is there when you get to the ramp.
Don’t forget the keys to the boat
To tow a boat safely, you should:
Drive more slowly than normal.
Allow a greater distance to the vehicle in front to give you time to stop if they brake suddenly.
Accelerate slowly.
Remember that the turning radius is much greater. Curbs and barriers must be given a wide berth when you turn corners.
Use extra caution driving in high wind, heavy rain, fog or icy conditions.
Make sure your side view mirrors are large enough to provide an unobstructed rear view on both sides of the vehicle.
Backing up a trailer can be quite tricky but with practice you should get the hang of it. The trailer will turn in the opposite direction to the car so take it slowly and try to avoid oversteering.
Before driving on the open road, practice turning, backing up, etc. on a level, empty parking lot.
Launching a Boat from a Trailer
Do initial launch preparations away from the ramp so you don’t get in the way of other people who are launching.
Raise the outdrive or motor, remove the support bracket and install the drain plug.
Disconnect the trailer wiring. Remove tie down straps and again check the drain plug.
Make any equipment adjustments necessary and check the drain plug.
Connect the fuel tank, check fluid levels and check the drain plug.
Drive to the ramp and back the boat and trailer down the ramp, keeping the tow vehicle’s wheels out of the water.
Engage the emergency brake, shift into Park, and block the wheels.
Someone should get aboard the boat, turn on the blower, lower the motor, look for water entering the boat, sniff the bilge and start the motor.
Make sure you have attached a bow line to the boat, then release the winch and disconnect the winch line.
You should be able to launch the boat with a slight push or by backing the boat off the trailer under power.
Move the boat to an area away from the ramp to load additional equipment and passengers.
Return the towing vehicle to the parking lot as soon as the boat is launched so the next person in line may proceed.
Retrieving a Boat from the Water
Unload the boat away from the ramp if possible.
Get everyone off the boat except the operator.
Back the trailer into the water, keeping the tires of the tow vehicle at water’s edge, not in the water.
Turn off your vehicle’s engine and engage the parking brake.
Maneuver the boat carefully onto the submerged trailer.
Attach the winch line to the bow-eye of your boat and shut off the engine prior to raising it.
Make sure the boat is correctly seated and properly balanced.
Winch the boat onto the trailer and secure it.
Stay away from the direct line of the winch cable. It could break and cause injury.
Pull the trailer and boat well away from the ramp area for cleanup, reloading, securing equipment and safety check.
Be sure to remove any remnants of nuisance species before leaving ramp area.
Connect the trailer lights and make sure they are working.
Remove the drain plug to allow water to drain from the bilge.
Use tie-down straps to secure the boat.
You should never leave the dock without first checking _
the local weather forecast and water conditions.
NOAA Weather Radio
a nationwide network of radio stations broadcasting continuous weather information directly from your local National Weather Service Office. NOAA Weather Radio utilizes seven frequencies in the VHF band between 162.400 and 162.550 megahertz (MHz)
Checking Dangerous Weather Signs
Weather changes generally come from the west, so scan the sky with your weather eye, especially to the west.
Watch for a buildup of dark clouds, vertically rising clouds.
A sudden drop in temperature and change in the wind often mean that a storm is near.
high water
after heavy rainfall, flooding, or tide changes— can hide obstacles in the water that would otherwise be visible
sand bars
are areas of shallow water that can damage your boat
strong currents
will make boat navigation difficult and can make swimming very dangerous
large waves
could swamp your boat. Look out for a heavy-looking sea as a sign of a storm coming
If you get Caught in a Storm
First, make sure everyone aboard is wearing USCG-approved PFDs.
Reduce speed and proceed with caution.
Close all hatches and ports, so the water does not get into the boat.
Head for the nearest shore that is safe.
You should anchor the boat if you are caught in a storm and it is impossible to return to shore safely.
Head into the waves at a 45° angle—this will reduce the chance of your boat being swamped.
You should have __ onboard for all areas where you boat.
charts
You should be aware of any and all of the following:
Hazardous inlets
Shoaling areas or sand bars
Whitewater areas
Dams
Locks
Bridges
Abnormal tides or currents
tide
rise and fall of the water’s surface.
Tides are predictable and you should always consult the tide tables when operating in shallow waters.
Dams are _ both above and below the dam
hazardous
Nautical charts tell you that there is a __ and what the horizontal clearance (width) and vertical clearance (height) are
bridge
Before entering the lock, you should have _ rigged on both sides of the vessel.
fenders
float plan
This plan should outline your boating itinerary including your time of departure and arrival and a time to contact authoritie
Engine/Running Gear maintenance tips include:
Change oil frequently – following manufacturer’s minimum recommendations or once each season.
Check and replace any belts or hoses that appear to be deteriorating.
Check for oil and/or water leaks every time before leaving the dock.
Flush your engine with fresh water after operating in salt water.
Check impellers and pumps to anticipate a failure.
Watch for the beginning of corrosion, especially on battery terminals, and take measures to stop it before it becomes a problem. Clean battery terminals and electrical connections by disconnecting them and removing corrosion with a wire brush.
Check and service transmissions and lower units according to manufacturer’s recommendations.
Change fluids on a recommended schedule or at least once each season.
Keep shafts and props in clean and good working order.
Check all through-hull fittings for leakage and corrosion. Make sure that their valves are operational and can be opened and closed.
Check the condition of the navigation lights.
Check and clean the engine’s back-fire flame arrestor.
Clean and tighten any corroded or loose electrical connections.
Check all water strainers to make sure that they are clean and free of debris
The most important tool you have to diagnose problems in the fuel system is your __. Do the “sniff test” each time you board your boat. If you smell fuel, find the problem
nose
_ vapors are heavier than air and can spread rapidly into enclosed spaces and can cause explosions. Gasoline fumes are most likely to collect in the bilge. The sniff test is the most effective method for detecting fuel leaks.
Gasoline
Safe Fueling Precautions
Secure boat to the dock.
Switch off engine(s).
Extinguish all open flames.
Do not use electrical switches.
No smoking.
Close ports, hatches, and doors.
Portable tanks should be refueled ashore.
Make certain all passengers are ashore.
Determine quantity of fuel required.
Hold hose nozzle firmly against fill pipe opening.
Do not overfill. Prevent fuel from falling into the water during fueling. This can harm the marine environment.
Ethanol fuel can cause your equipment to malfunction. If possible, avoid using it.
Wipe up all spillage.
Open ports, hatches, and doors to ventilate.
Turn blower on for four at least minutes.
Do the sniff test. Check for fuel fumes in the engine and fuel tank compartment.
Start engines(s).
Re-board passengers.
Untie from dock and cast off.
wake
is defined as the waves left behind as your boat moves through the water
courteous boater includes controlling your boat’s noise. All motorboats should be equipped with an efficient _, underwater exhaust or other device that adequately muffles or suppresses the engine’s exhaust
muffler
Here are some examples of behaviors that could be considered negligent or reckless:
Operating a vessel at high engine speed in circular or criss-cross patterns for extended periods of time in the same area.
Operating under the influence of alcohol or drugs.
Jumping waves or the wake of another vessel unreasonably close to that vessel, or so as to cause engine RPM to peak and make unusual or excessive noise.
Weaving through congested traffic at more than slow speed.
Swerving at the last possible moment to avoid collision (playing chicken).
Operating a vessel at a speed higher than is necessary to maintain steerage way when near swimmers, or non-powered vessels
A violation of the _ is also a violation of Florida law
Federal Navigation Rules
Example of reckless operation
Operating a vessel, skis or any other apparatus between a vessel that is towing and the vessel(s) it is towing.
Navigating while intoxicated or under the influence of drugs.
Jumping the wake of another vessel less than 100 feet from that vessel.
Driving your boat at such a speed and so close to another vessel that one or both operators must swerve at the last minute to avoid collision
Florida law requires that anyone convicted of __ non-criminal boating safety offences within a 12-month period must enroll in, attend, and successfully complete a NASBLA/State of Florida-approved boater education course.
2
Homeland security measures set forth by federal, state and local governments. These include, but are not limited to:
Keeping a safe prescribed distance from military and commercial ships.
Avoiding commercial port operations areas.
Observing all security zones.
Following guidelines for appropriate conduct such as not stopping or anchoring beneath bridges or in a channel, and
100-Yard-Approach WARNING!
Do not approach within 100 yards of any U.S. naval vessel.
If you need to pass within __ yards of a U.S. naval vessel to ensure a safe passage in accordance with the Navigation Rules, you must contact the U.S. naval vessel or the Coast Guard escort vessel on VHF-FM channel 16
100
In Florida, if a boater has a blood alcohol level of __ or higher, he/she shall be considered to be under the influence of alcohol.
0.08%
Any person under 21 years of age who is found to have a breath-alcohol level of _ or higher and operates or is in actual physical control of a vessel is in violation of Florida law
0.02%
Vessel
Every craft of any description used or capable of being used on the water
Power Driven Vessel
Any vessel propelled by machinery
Sailing Vessel
Any vessel under sail alone with no mechanical means of propulsion. (A sailboat propelled by machinery is a motorboat.)
Vessel engaged in fishing
Any vessel fishing with nets, lines, trawls or other fishing equipment that restricts maneuverability, but does not include a vessel fishing with trolling lines or other fishing equipment that does not restrict maneuverability
Danger Zone
An arc of 112.5 degrees measured from dead ahead to just aft of the starboard beam
Stand-On Vessel
The vessel that should maintain course and speed
Give-Way Vessel
The vessel that must take early and substantial action to keep clear of the stand-on vessel.
Vessel not under command
A vessel that due to some exceptional circumstance is unable to maneuver as required by the Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel.
Vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver
A vessel that, from the nature of her work, is restricted in her ability to maneuver as required by the Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel
Vessel constrained by draft
A power-driven vessel that, because of her draft in relation to the available depth and width of navigable water, is severely restricted in her ability to deviate from the course she is following
Safe speed means
a speed less than the maximum at which the operator can take proper and effective action to avoid collision and stop within a distance appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions.
To determine safe speed consider all of the following factors:
Visibility: is it clear, overcast, foggy?
The traffic density.
The maneuverability of your vessel. Be sure to consider stopping distance and turning ability in the prevailing conditions.
At night, does the presence of background light from shore affect your vision?
The state of wind, sea and current, and the proximity of navigational hazards.
Your draft in relation to the depth of water.
“Idle Speed – No Wake” Zone:
A vessel must operate at a speed no greater than is necessary to maintain steerage and headway. The vessel should not produce any wake at this speed.
“Slow Speed, Minimum Wake” Zone:
A vessel must be fully off plane and completely settled in the water. Any wake created by a vessel in one of these zones must be minimal. If the vessel is traveling with the bow slightly elevated while in one of these zones, it is not proceeding at “Slow Speed” as required by law
Vessels are required to sound signals
any time that they are in close quarters and risk of collision exists
One short blast means:
I intend to change course to starboard.
Two short blasts means:
I intend to change course to port
Three short blasts means:
I am operating astern propulsion (backing up).
Five or more short and rapid blasts means:
Danger or doubt signal (I don’t understand your intent).
When two power driven vessels are in sight of one another and the possibility of collision exists,
one vessel is designated by the rules as the stand-on vessel and the other is designated as the give-way vessel.
The stand-on vessel should maintain its course and speed.
The give-way vessel must take early and substantial action to avoid collision.
A power driven vessel underway must keep out of the way of the following:
A sailing vessel, under sail only, and vessels propelled by oars or paddles. (Note: when a sailboat has its motor running, it is considered a power driven vessel.)
A vessel engaged in fishing, whose fishing equipment restricts its maneuverability. This does not include a sport fisher or party boat and generally means a commercial fishing vessel.
A vessel with restricted maneuverability such as a dredge or tow boat, a boat engaged in work that restricts it to a certain area, or a vessel transferring supplies to another vessel.
A vessel not under command – broken down.
A sailing vessel underway must keep out of the way of the following:
A vessel engaged in fishing, whose fishing equipment restricts its maneuverability. This does not include a sport fisher or party boat and generally means a commercial fishing vessel.
A vessel with restricted maneuverability such as a dredge or tow boat, a boat engaged in work that restricts it to a certain area, or a vessel transferring supplies to another vessel.
A vessel not under command – broken down.
A vessel engaged in fishing underway must keep out of the way of the following:
A vessel with restricted maneuverability such as a dredge or tow boat, a boat engaged in work that restricts it to a certain area, or a vessel transferring supplies to another vessel.
A vessel not under command – broken down.
When two power-driven vessels are approaching head-on (or nearly so) either vessel can indicate its intent and the other vessel must answer promptly.
In a meeting situation, neither vessel is the stand-on vessel.
It is generally accepted that you should alter course to starboard and pass port-to-port. The accompanying sound signal is one short blast
If you cannot pass port-to-port due to an obstruction or other vessels, you should sound two short blasts to indicate your intention to pass starboard-to-starboard. Make sure the other vessel understands your intent before proceeding. The other vessel should return your two-short-blast signal.
A vessel is deemed to be overtaking when the vessel is approaching the vessel ahead .
in a direction of 22.5 degrees abaft her beam
When two vessels are moving in the same direction, and the astern vessel wishes to pass, it must initiate the signal to pass as shown in the diagram.
Any vessel overtaking any other is the give-way vessel and should keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken. The vessel being passed is the stand-on vessel and must maintain its course and speed. If the stand-on vessel realizes that the course intended by the give-way vessel is not safe, it should sound the danger or doubt signal.
If you are overtaking a vessel, remember that you are the give-way vessel until well past, and safely clear of, the passed vessel. Do not cut in front of, impede or endanger another vessel.
“I intend to pass you on your port side” – 2 short blasts (1 sec.)
“Agreement” – 2 short blasts (1 sec.)
“I intend to pass you on your starboard side” – 1 short blast (1 sec.)
“Agreement” – 1 short blast (1 sec.)
When two power driven boats are approaching at right angles or nearly so, and risk of collision exists,
the boat on the right is the stand-on vessel and must hold its course and speed. The other boat, the give-way vessel, shall maneuver to keep clear of the stand-on vessel and shall pass it by its stern. If necessary, slow, stop or reverse until the stand-on vessel is clear
Sailing craft (not under power) and boats propelled by oars or paddles are stand-on vessels when approaching power driven vessels.
In this situation, the power-driven vessel should alter course to pass behind the sailing vessel
When operating in a narrow channel,
the rules tell you to stay as close to the outer limit of the channel as is practical on your starboard side.
When operating on the Great Lakes, Western Rivers and other designated rivers,
the down bound boat (going with the current) has the right of way over a boat going upstream. This is because a boat going upstream can maneuver better than a one going downstream.
If you approach a bend in a river around which you cannot see,
sound one prolonged blast to alert boats approaching from the other side of the bend that you are there. If another boat is around the bend, it should answer with one prolonged blast. Similarly, if you hear a prolonged blast as you approach the bend, answer with a prolonged blast.
If you must operate around commercial vessels, be aware of the following:
Avoid ship channels. If you must cross, do so at right angles and as quickly as possible.
Be alert. Watch for traffic.
Be seen, especially at night.
Know the sound signals, especially the danger or doubt signal.
Keep your VHF radio tuned to channel 16 and listen carefully.
Order all aboard to wear PFDs.
Be familiar with the area and have current navigation charts.
Don’t be a non-survivor of a collision with a large ship
During times of restricted visibility such as smoke or fog, additional sound signals are required. Any boat underway in or near a restricted visibility area must sound a warning signal every two minutes.
Motorboats must sound one prolonged blast every two minutes.
Sailing boats must sound one prolonged blast plus two short blasts every two minutes.
Boats at anchor shall sound rapid strokes on the bell for 5 seconds at intervals not less than one minute.
Port tack
when the wind is coming over the port side of the boat.
Starboard tack
when the wind is coming over the starboard side of the boat
Windward
in the direction from which the wind is coming (upwind)
Leeward
in a direction away from which the wind is coming (downwind).
Starboard Tack vs. Port Tack
If the boats are on opposite tacks, the boat on the port tack (wind is coming over the port side of the boat) gives-way to the boat on the starboard tack (wind is coming over the starboard side).
Windward vs. Leeward
If the boats are on the same tack, the boat to windward must keep out of the way of the boat to leeward. In other words the boat farthest from the direction from which the wind is blowing has the right-of-way.
The Lateral Navigation System
uses a system of buoys or beacons that indicate the port and starboard sides of the preferred and safest routes.
U.S. Lateral Markers almost always follow the 3-R rule:
“Red, Right, Returning”. This means you should keep the red markers on the right (starboard) side of the vessel when you are returning from sea
Starboard buoy
Buoy that marks the starboard (right) side of a channel or where a danger is located. It must be kept on the starboard (right) side of a vessel when heading upstream. It is painted red. Its top is cone-shaped and if it is numbered, it bears an even number.
Starboard lighted buoy
If the buoy has a light, the light is red.
Starboard nun buoy
These cone-shaped buoys are always marked with red markings and even numbers. They mark the edge of the channel on your starboard (right) side when entering from open sea or heading upstream.
Starboard day beacon
Starboard day beacon are permanent red signs attached to structures, such as posts, in the water.
Port buoy
Buoy that marks the port (left) side of a channel, or where a danger is located. It must be kept on the port (left) side of a vessel when heading upstream. It is painted green. Its top is flat. If it is numbered, it bears an odd number.
Port lighted buoy
If the buoy has a light, the light is green.
Port can buoy
These cylindrical-shaped buoys are always marked with green markings and odd numbers. They mark the edge of the channel on your port (left) side when entering from open sea or heading upstream
Port day beacon
Port day beacon are permanent green signs attached to structures, such as posts, in the water.
Junction markers indicate
the preferred channel at points where the waterway splits or branches off in another direction. If you are returning from sea and see a junction marker that is red over green, to stay in the main channel you would consider the marker as if it were a red marker and keep it on your right
Safe Water Marker
white with red vertical stripes and indicate unobstructed water on all sides. They mark mid-channels or fairways and may be passed on either side
Safe water buoy
The first buoy you see when entering from sea is the open, or safe water, buoy. A lighted buoy flashes at night and during restricted visibility
Port buoy
The next buoy you see as you enter this waterway is the port buoy. It is Green, has the number 1 on it, and it Flashes Green once each 4 seconds
Junction buoy
When entering from seaward you may find two channels which separate and go in different directions. A junction buoy uses its top color to show you the primary channel. You use the top color and shape as if it were a stand alone buoy if you want to follow the primary channel. In this case keep the green junction buoy on your left.
Starboard nun buoy
The next buoy you see as you enter this waterway is the Red Nun buoy with an even number on it
Green Can buoy
On your port side, you see a green can buoy with an odd number on it.
Regulatory or informational markers
used to advise you of situations, dangers, or directions. They may indicate shoals, swim areas, speed zones, etc. They can be easily identified by the white color with orange geometric shapes
Exclusion buoy
Explanation may be placed outside the crossed diamond shape, such as dam, rapids, swim area, etc.
Danger buoy
The nature of danger may be indicated inside the diamond shape, such as rock, wreck, shoal, dam, etc.
Control buoy
Type of control is indicated in the circle, such as slow, no wake, anchoring, etc.
May show white light and/or may be lettered
Information buoy
For displaying information such as directions, distances, locations, etc.
Mooring Buoys
These are white with a blue horizontal band. They are usually placed in marinas and other areas where vessels are allowed to anchor. These are the only buoys you may legally tie up to.
Swimming buoy
It marks the perimeter of a swimming area
The Intracoastal Waterway System (ICW)
runs parallel to the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts from New Jersey to Texas at the Mexican border
how do you know which way is returning on The Intracoastal Waterway System (ICW)?
Generally, if you are travelling south, from New Jersey to Texas, you will have red markers on your right and green markers on your left
Aids to navigation marking the Intracoastal Waterway (ICW) display unique yellow symbols to distinguish them from aids marking other waters
Yellow triangles indicate aids that should be passed by keeping them on the starboard side of the vessel. Yellow squares indicate aids that should be passed by keeping them on the port side of the vessel
Western Waterway Marking System
Found only on the Mississippi River and its tributaries, these aids to navigation are not numbered as in IALA-B system. Numbers indicate mileage from the river’s mouth.
When aboard a boat, ropes are no longer called ropes, they are called lines. At least three, preferably four, lines should be carried aboard for docking:
A bow line to secure the bow.
A stern line to secure the stern.
At least one spring line to reduce fore-and-aft movement.
Docking and undocking procedures are the most difficult boating maneuvres because you need to take all the following factors into account:
The direction of wind and current, which will dictate how you approach the dock.
The traffic in the area, to avoid risking an accident with surrounding vessels.
The size of your boat, as you will need to choose a dock with enough space for your vessel.
The depth of the water, to make sure you do not hit the bottom.
Before casting off:
Keep your boat moored while you warm up the engine.
If your boat has enclosed engine compartments, run the ventilation system for a minimum of four minutes before you start the engine.
Ensure everyone on board is seated and that their hands and feet are inside the boat.
Ensure everyone on board is wearing a life jacket.
Go through your pre-departure check list, including checking the gas level and oil pressure.
Ensure there is no traffic in the departure area.
Wind or current is pushing your boat away from the dock
Cast off bow and stern lines and pull in fenders as the wind blows you away.
When clear and safely away from the dock and other boats, shift to forward and gradually turn your boat away from the dock.
Make sure you are safely away and that the stern will not hit the dock as you motor forward and turn.
Move slowly away from the dock, continuing until you can safely increase your speed.
Once you are clear of the dock, stow lines and fenders so they will not get in the way.
Wind or current is pushing your boat toward the dock
Cast off all lines except an after bow line. This line will keep you from moving forward and allow the stern to pivot away from the dock.
You may want to use a fender forward to cushion the bow of the boat against the dock.
Turn the motor or rudder to the direction necessary to push the stern away from the dock.
Shift into forward at idle speed. Slowly, very slowly.
The stern will swing away from the dock. When it is clear of all obstacles and traffic, cast off the bow line and back away from the dock.
Move slowly away from the dock, continuing until you can safely increase your speed.
Once you are clear of the dock, stow lines and fenders so they will not get in the way
Remember: A boat does not steer like a car
When moving forward, a boat pivots on its axis at a point roughly one-third back from the bow
Before docking:
Make sure all passengers are safely and securely seated with their hands and feet inside the vessel.
Bow and stern docking lines should be secured onboard.
Fenders are ready.
Slow down to the minimum speed needed to maintain steerage.
Determine the strength of the wind or current to plan your vessel’s approach to the dock.
Docking With No Wind or Current
Approach the dock slowly at a 30-degree angle.
Bring the boat parallel to the dock and within about two feet.
When close enough, a passenger should step onto the shore and secure the bow line.
Secure the stern line and the spring lines.
If the wind is onshore (blowing toward the dock)
Approach the dock slowly at an angle of about 15 degrees.
Bring the boat parallel to the dock and within about two feet.
Allow the wind to blow the boat in.
It can then be secured by bow line, then the stern line, and finally the spring lines.
If the wind is offshore (blowing away from the dock)
Approach the dock slowly at an angle of about 40 degrees.
Pass a bow line ashore and secure it.
Use the engine to bring the stern toward the dock.
The boat can then be secured with the stern line.
If the current is pushing you toward the dock
Approach the dock slowly at an angle of about 15 degrees.
Bring the boat parallel to the dock and within about two feet.
The current will push the boat in.
It can then be secured by bow line, then the stern line, and finally the spring lines.
If the current is pushing you away from the dock
Approach the dock slowly at an angle of about 40 degrees.
Pass a bow line ashore and secure it.
Use the engine to bring the stern toward the dock.
The boat can then be secured with the stern line.
As skipper you should:
Be familiar with the safe handling characteristics of your boat. Know its cruising speed, idle speed, how it turns left and right and its stopping distance.
Always choose a safe course. Do not take any risks that might endanger yourself or your passengers or crew.
Know where you are at all times. Check around you and use landmarks, aids to navigation, charts or any other means possible to pinpoint your location as accurately as possible. If you have an emergency and have to call for help, the first question you will be asked is “Where are you?”
Keep an eye on the wind, current and weather. Will any changes affect you and the course to your destination?
Obey the rules of the road. In specially marked or crowded areas, control your speed.
You should always help other boaters in danger or distress. This could be anything from a stalled engine to a life-threatening event.
When selecting an anchor
its holding power and the type of bottom in which it will be used must be considered
As well, the anchor must be of proper size depending on the size and weight of your boat. It is best to have a heavier anchor than needed, because a lighter anchor will not keep your boat in place during bad weather conditions
Having the right anchor and anchor rode for your boat is important
If you don’t, rough winds and water can cause it to drag, leaving your boat to drift. Make sure that your boat is well anchored and that the swivel is properly locked, and keep watch to detect signs of dragging.
The fluke anchor
Best for clay, sand and mud. Fluke anchors, including Danforth, have difficulty penetrating kelp and weed-covered bottoms, as well as rocky and particularly hard bottoms
The plow anchor
Plow anchors are popular with cruising sailors and other private boaters. They generally work well in all bottoms, but are not exceptional in any of them. It is more effective in harder ground than the Danforth type anchor. Good in sand and stiff mud, grass, and pebble bottoms. It can also hold in coral but is less effective in soft mud or clay. The plow anchor is easy to pull up with a vertical pull.
The mushroom anchor
Mushroom anchors are great at holding boats in place on muddy and weedy bottoms but do not work very well on rocky or sandy bottoms. Mushroom anchors do not have the holding power of a fluke or plow anchor and should only be used on small, lighter-weight boats. They need to be embedded in the bottom before they begin to work well. After embedding they can have a holding power of up to ten times its weight
Anchors must have something to attach them to the boat.
This is called the anchor rode and may consist of a line, a chain or a combination of both. The whole system of gear including anchor, rode, shackles etc. is called ground tackle.
The amount of rode that you have out (scope) when at anchor depends on water depth and weather conditions.
The deeper the water and the more severe the weather, the more rode you will put out.
As a general rule, recreational boaters should put out _ times the depth of the water plus the distance from the water to where the anchor will attach to the bow
7 to 10
How to set the Anchor?
Select an area that offers maximum shelter from wind, current, boat traffic etc.
Never anchor in a busy channel or traffic separation zone.
A proper method for lowering an anchor is from the bow. Never anchor the boat from the stern as waves crashing over the transom could cause the boat to swamp or capsize.
Pick a spot with swinging room in all directions. Should the wind change, your boat will swing bow to the wind or current.
Determine depth and bottom conditions and calculate the amount of rode you will put out.
Anchor with the same method used by nearby boats. Ask the boat adjacent to the spot you select what scope they have out so that you can anchor in such a manner that you will not bump into the neighboring vessel.
Rig the anchor and rode. Check shackles to make sure they are secured with wire tied to prevent the screw shaft from opening.
Lay out the amount of rode you will need on deck in such a manner that it will follow the anchor into the water smoothly without tangling.
Cleat off the anchor line at the point you want it to stop. (Don’t forget or you’ll be diving for your anchor.)
Stop your boat and lower your anchor until it lies on the bottom. This should be done up-wind or up-current from the spot you have selected. Slowly start to motor back, letting out the anchor rode. Backing down slowly will assure that the chain will not foul the anchor and prevent it from digging into the bottom.
When all the anchor line has been let out, back down on the anchor with engine in idle reverse to help set the anchor. (Be careful not to get the anchor line caught in your prop.)
While reversing on a set anchor, keep a hand on the anchor line. A dragging anchor will telegraph itself as it bumps along the bottom. An anchor that is set will not shake the line.
When the anchor is firmly set, look around for reference points in relation to the boat. You can sight over your compass to get the bearing of two different fixed points (house, rock, tower, etc.). Over the next hour or so, make sure those reference points are in the same place. If not you’re probably dragging anchor.
Begin anchor watch. Everyone should check occasionally to make sure you’re not drifting.
How to retrieve the anchor?
Retrieve the anchor by pulling or powering forward slowly until the anchor rode hangs vertically at the bow.
Cleat the line as the boat moves slowly past the vertical. This will use the weight of the boat to free the anchor and protect you from being dragged over the bow.
Once free, raise the anchor to the waterline.
Clean if necessary and let the rode dry before stowing away.
Remember, boats don’t have breaks and an anchor may be your only way to stop the boat’s movement.
Use of anchor as safety device
The anchor may be used as a safety device if an emergency occurs. You may drop the anchor quickly to avoid running aground in the event that the engine breaks down. The anchor may also be used to kedge off. It is a method of pulling a boat out of shallow water when it has run aground. In small boats, the anchor may be thrown in the intended direction of progress and hauled in after it settles, thus pulling the boat in the direction of progress, while a larger boat can use a dinghy to carry the anchor ahead, then drop it and haul the boat.
Carbon monoxide
is an odorless and tasteless gas; enters the bloodstream through the lungs, displaces the oxygen, and can kill a person in minutes.
Exposure can cause:
Nausea
Headache
Dizziness
Mental confusion
Loss of consciousness
The symptoms can be mistaken for seasickness. If someone displays these symptoms, get them into fresh air immediately.
Possible sources of carbon monoxide on your boat include the engine, generators, cooking equipment, and heating appliances
To protect yourself, maintain and inspect the boat’s engine and exhaust system. Keep forward hatches open to provide air flow. Install a carbon monoxide detector. Be aware of other boats near you that may be running a generator or idling for long periods while docked. Their carbon monoxide can get into your boat too
The most common causes of carbon monoxide exposure include:
Teak surfing or platform dragging.
Exhaust from other boats docked or anchored or tied to one another.
Repairing the boat’s engine (working near the engine compartment or engine while it is running).
Slow or idle speeds while traveling downwind, which allows exhaust fumes to accumulate in cabins, cockpits, or other enclosed areas.
A new and dangerous boating fad involves an individual holding on to the swim platform of a boat while a wake builds up, then letting go to surf the wave created by the boat. Known as “Teak Surfing”, this practice is a sure way to get carbon monoxide poisoning. NEVER swim near the stern of your boat with the engine(s) running
To minimize the potential of someone being struck by the propeller take the following precautions:
Make sure everyone on board is seated properly before starting the engine.
Never run the engine while people are boarding or unboarding.
Do not allow passengers to stand, sit on the transom, gunwales, seatbacks or bow while underway.
Do not operate within close proximity to people in the water. This includes swimmers, skiers, divers, etc.
Keep a sharp lookout.
There are devices designed to decrease the potential of “propeller strike”. These include:
Propellers guards, which fully or partially surround the propeller.
Interlocks which, if certain conditions exist, automatically shut off the engine.
Sensors that can be worn by individuals and electronically stop the engine, sound alarms, etc., if they go overboard.
Prevent Boat Theft
Never leave the keys in the boat when unattended.
If you must leave your boat unattended in the water for an extended time period, consider taking the fuel line from the portable tank with you.
Also consider removing the battery.
If your boat is on a trailer, install a trailer hitch lock so the trailer can’t be towed or take one wheel off the trailer and store it in your towing vehicle.
Keep all equipment stored out of sight or take it with you.
Paint the name on the transom of your boat.
Make a record of your HIN and keep it in a safe place.
Most fatal accidents in small boats
are drownings that happen when people fall overboard or the boat capsizes while not wearing PFDs.
U.S. Coast Guard accident statistics show that capsizing and falls overboard
are the leading causes of recreational boating fatalities.
Here are some tips to prevent capsizing:
Small open boats can be unstable. Be sure that the boat is tied securely to the dock when boarding and step into the centerline of the boat running fore and aft.
Maintain 3 points of contact with the boat at all times.
With one hand on the pier and one on the boat, lower yourself down into the center.
Although not required, you should wear a PFD.
All other passengers should follow suit and keep low when moving around in the boat.
You should not attempt to carry items aboard the boat. You should board first and load them one at a time and, again, place them along the centerline of the boat.
Read and take heed of the capacity plate information.
Make sure all passengers and carry-on items are secure and the weight evenly distributed.
Once underway, avoid standing up, riding on the bow or gunwale (side) of the boat, trim the boat so it rides level and avoid making sudden sharp turns.
Capsizing
when a vessel is either on its side or turned completely over
Swamping
when the boat is upright but filled with water.
Capsizing causes
Overloading slows a boat down and reduces the amount of freeboard (area above the waterline). A low freeboard increases the possibility of swamping the boat or taking on water, which will slow the boat even more.
Don’t overload your boat with passengers or equipment.
Improper weight distribution can make the boat even more unstable. You must place passengers and equipment to balance the boat and keep water out. Keep the weight as low in the boat as possible.
Avoid boating in rough water. Waves can be a major factor in capsizing, especially if they are unexpected. Anticipate all waves and aim the bow into them.
Anchoring from the stern could also cause the boat to swamp or capsize. A proper method for lowering an anchor is from the bow.
Responding procedures
Take a head count to make sure everyone is there, don life jackets and check for injuries.
If possible climb up on the overturned boat. It may be safer to stay with the floating boat than try to swim to shore. Staying with the boat also provides an easier object for rescuers to see.
If your life jackets (PFDs) have floated out of range, you can use anything available to keep afloat until you can reach the boat. This could include ice chests, empty soda bottles, etc.
You should conserve energy but begin to signal for help using available equipment such as visual distress signals, horn, hands, etc.
If you can, turn the boat upright and bail it out. Once most of the water is out, climb back in. Or, if close to shore, just climb in the boat and paddle.
Recovering Procedures
Immediately throw a life-saving device or a buoyant heaving line toward the person so they will have some assistance staying afloat. Your type IV throwable flotation device should always be immediately accessible and within reach of the helm.
Whoever first sees or hears someone go overboard should shout “crew overboard (port or starboard).” This person should become the spotter and continually point to the person in the water until the boat is safely alongside. Try not to lose sight of the crew overboard; it is extremely difficult to locate a person in the water.
Turn the bow of the boat quickly toward the side the person fell over and stop the boat. Turning toward the person will push the stern and propeller away.
Slowly turn the boat keeping the person in view.
Approach the person slowly, heading into the wind or current.
Move the boat alongside the person and stop the engine.
Adjust the weight to keep the boat trimmed.
Help the person aboard. Usually over the stern or the side of the boat.
Being immersed in cold water is the greatest danger of developing
hypothermia
Stage 1 of hypothermia – Initial Reaction – Cold Water Shock
A sudden, unexpected entry into cold water may cause a reflexive “gasp” (cold shock) allowing water to enter the lungs. Drowning can be almost instantaneous. When you realize you’re about to fall into the water, cover your face with your hands. Covering your mouth is an attempt to avoid gulping water into your lungs
Stage 2 of hypothermia – Short-term immersion / swimming failure
In the first 10 minutes, you will lose the effective use of your fingers, arms, and legs.
Inability to match breathing rate to swimming stroke.
Loss of coordination in the muscles in your arms and legs as they get cooler, increasing your swimming angle.
Increased swimming angle, requiring more energy to keep your head above water.
Possible drowning.
Stage 3 of hypothermia – Long-term immersion / immersion hypothermia
Immersion hypothermia begins to set in after 30 minutes in the water. Depending on the water temperature, what you’re wearing, your body type and your behavior in the water, you can lose consciousness in as little as one hour. Once unconscious, if not immediately rescued and treated, the person overboard will very probably die due to hypothermia or drowning.
Hypothermia occurs when your body loses heat faster than it can produce heat. The internal organs cool and the body’s core temperature drops. Cold water cools the body 25 times faster than cold air.
Stage 4 of hypothermia : Post-immersion collapse
The effects on your body after you are pulled from the water can include the following:
Loss of hydrostatic pressure from the water causes a sudden drop in blood pressure. This can cause heart or brain failure.
Your heart is cold and cannot pump cold blood effectively to maintain blood pressure.
Your lungs are damaged from the water you inhaled. This can cause a pneumonia-like illness.
Fatal bleeding from injuries may occur as your body warms up and your blood flows more freely. You may have internal injuries or injuries to your head and neck that you and your rescuers are not aware of.
Up to 20 percent of all survivors die during rescue or shortly after.
Hypothermia requires medical treatment. If medical treatment is not immediately available, hypothermia can be treated by
gradually raising the body temperature back to normal.
how to treat someone with hypothermia:
Remove the person from the source of cold and keep him/her warm and dry.
Re-establishing body temperature can be as simple as sharing a sleeping bag or blanket with another individual.
Applying warm moist towels to the individual’s neck, sides of chest and groin.
Remove wet clothes as they reduce heat retention.
A warm bath could be used for mild to medium hypothermia, gradually increasing the temperature.
Keep arms and legs out of the water and do not attempt to raise the body temperature too quickly.
Do not massage the victim’s arms and legs. Massage will cause the circulatory system to take cold blood from the surface into the body’s core, resulting in further temperature drop.
Do not give alcohol, which causes loss of body heat, or coffee and tea which are stimulants (and cause vasodilation) and may have the same effect as massage.
The most important objective for a person in the water is
gaining control over breathing and getting out of the water. To accomplish this and to limit heat loss, limit body movement. Keep your clothes on to retain heat. Don’t swim unless you can reach a nearby boat or floating object. Swimming lowers your body temperature and even good swimmers can drown in cold water.
If you can pull yourself partially out of the water – do so.
signal for help
Stay calm, take the H.E.L.P. (Heat Escape Lessening Posture) position and be ready to signal rescuers at all times
H.E.L.P. position
commonly referred to as the fetal position, permits you to float effortlessly and protect those areas most susceptible to heat loss, including the armpits, sides of the chest, groin, and the back of the knees.
If you find yourself in the water with others,
huddle together facing each other with their arms around each other’s shoulders.
The fire triangle consists of
fuel, oxygen and heat. All three must be present to start a fire and the removal of any one can extinguish a fire.
If underway and a fire starts
stop the boat and position it so the fire is downwind. Order everyone to put on lifejackets. If possible try to turn off the fuel source to the fire. Grab the fire extinguisher and control the fire.
A “grounded boat”
means a vessel that touches the bottom and gets stuck. According to U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) statistics, groundings have accounted for a number of fatalities, injuries, and millions in property damage every year.
The best way to prevent running aground is by knowing your environment.
Respond to Running Aground: Assess the situation
Check the people onboard to make sure no one is injured.
Assess what damage might have occurred.
Is the boat taking on water? If so, find the source of the leak.
Set a kedge anchor to keep yourself from being pushed further aground.
Use a lead line or boat hook to check the water depth around you.
Check your chart for bottom characteristics.
Check the tide tables and determine the next high tide.
When you run aground in an inboard/outboard vessel
you should shift the weight away from the grounded area of the hull, lift the outdrive part-way then shift into reverse.
A kedge anchor can be your working anchor. The kedge anchor should be attached and pulled in from the bow. To set it in deeper water, you can put the anchor in a dinghy and row or motor it out. If you don’t have a dinghy, you may be able to walk or swim it out. Use two or more PFDs or throwables to float the anchor on while you walk or swim it out. Make sure the anchor line pays out smoothly
If you were moving slowly when you grounded and hull damage looks to be minimal, you may be able to simply back off by shifting the weight farthest from the point of impact and using an oar or boat hook to push off. As you start to move, be sure to check again to make sure you are not taking on water from a hole caused by the grounding
Should your hull be severely damaged, stay put and call or signal for help from another vessel or commercial marine towing company. You are not going to sink if you can step off the boat onto dry land.
Your final option, short of waiting for the tide to come in, is arranging a tow.
The following is a minimum inventory of first aid supplies you should carry:
Adhesive bandages in various sizes.
Sterile pads.
Rolled bandages.
Scissors.
Cotton balls.
Antiseptic.
Motion sickness pills or patches.
Aspirin or substitutes.
Latex gloves
Federal law states that if you are involved in a boating accident that includes injury requiring medical treatment, death, disappearance of a person, or property damage, you must:
Stop and give assistance to other people involved, as much as possible without endangering yourself or your passengers.
Give your name and address and vessel identification to the owner of any other vessel involved in the accident, to anyone injured, and to the owner of any property damaged.
File an accident report with the state boating authority and contact the responsible local law enforcement agency.
An accident report must be made to one of the following authorities: the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, the sheriff of the county in which the accident occurred, or the police chief of the municipality in which the accident occurred, by the quickest means possible:
If the accident results in injury beyond immediate first-aid, and in case of death or disappearance.
When total damage to the boat and property is of at least $2000.00.
When the boat is a total loss.
Approximately one-third of all boating fatalities occur
while the victim is fishing
Boats engaged in diving should show a rigid replica of the internationally recognized “Alpha Flag”
This is a blue and white flag with a swallow tail. The alpha flag indicates that the vessel is restricted in ability to maneuver, in this case due to the nature of its work.
“Divers Down” flag should be flown from the boat or from a float over the divers
This red flag with a diagonal white stripe should be easily seen on the water. Stay well clear of this flag.
Do’s that should be observed to make your paddling adventure a safe one
Take a hands-on lesson before attempting your first paddling experience. You will learn balance, safe exit and entry, stabilizing strokes, and rescue and recovery skills. You will also learn about special moving water conditions including unusually high water and operating around low head dams and strainers.
Know how to swim and be able to perform a “self-rescue” in rivers or waters with strong currents.
Wear a properly fitted lifejacket and keep it snug. Make sure that others onboard do the same.
Pay attention to the boat’s capacity plate and stay within the limits.
Don’ts that should be observed to make your paddling adventure a safe one.
Don’ts:
Never paddle alone. There is safety in numbers.
Avoid alcohol. Far too many deaths are recorded each year when Paddle Sport enthusiasts are drinking alcohol before finding themselves in the water.
Avoid paddling in extreme conditions that are beyond your skill level. If extreme weather or water conditions exist, stay off the water.
Do not overload your craft.
Small Boats – Preparation
Check the weather conditions prior to getting on the water.
File a float plan. Let someone know where you are going and when you expect to return.
Put on a properly fitted lifejacket before boarding the boat.
Load all your gear into the boat properly. Make sure gear is secured and distributed evenly from side to side and bow to stern.
Access your boat with 3 points of contact to stabilize it. Do not stand or move about more than necessary.
Keep passengers and equipment low and along the centerline.
Standing or moving about increases the chance of capsizing. Keep your center of gravity as low as possible. The most stable position for a canoeist is kneeling.
Keep your shoulders within the gunwales of the boat. If you must retrieve something from the water, reach with your paddle or get close enough to retrieve the item without leaning over.
Always dress for an unexpected flip, wear appropriate clothing.
Carry required equipment and rescue gear.
Entrapments
Usually happen when a person’s foot gets wedged in a crevice or under a rock. The force of swift water may prevent you from being able to free yourself.
When you find yourself in swift water, float on your back with your feet up and pointing downstream. This position will enable you to fend off rocks while making your way to the shore. It also diminishes the chance of being entrapped. If your paddle craft remains afloat, hold onto the upstream side as you make your way to shore.
Broaches
A broach may occur when your paddle craft gets pushed sideways by the current and gets pinned against a rock.
Preventing a broach starts with avoiding obstacles in the water. You probably won’t be able to miss them all even if you are an experienced paddler. Since being broached is being pushed into a rock by the current, do your best to avoid this situation.
Strainers
Strainers are a common hazard in rivers and streams and may be from a group of rocks, fallen trees or other debris. As the name implies, they have no effect on the flow of water but “strain” out people and paddle craft. Keep an eye ahead and do your best to avoid any strainers that you see.
Low Head Dams
Low Head Dams are serious risks that may be encountered when paddling. Sometimes referred to as “Drowning Machines,” they are dangerous both above and below the dam.
From downstream, you may not realize the danger until it’s too late. From upstream, low-head dams are difficult to detect. In most instances, a low-head dam does not look dangerous, yet can create a life-threatening situation. You should always pay attention to warning signs, markers or buoys and keep well clear of low-head dams.
Skiing should be a team sport.
The team players are the skier, the boat driver and an observer to keep a proper lookout. While the driver watches the traffic, the observer should continuously keep an eye on the skier and relay messages to the driver. The boat should also be equipped with a wide angle rear view mirror so the driver can see the skier.
Observer
Any person who operates a vessel that is towing a person on skis or other aquaplaning device must have an observer on board who shall at all times watch the person being towed or the towing vessel must be equipped with a wide angle rear view mirror. The vessel operator shall at all times watch the traffic pattern in the zone of operation. The observer and the operator must be two different people.
The observer must:
Continuously keep his or her eye on the skier or skiers.
Inform the operator of the boat that is towing the skier or skiers as soon as they are no longer being towed.
Raise the skier-down flag when a person is in the water preparing to ski or to return to the ski boat.
As a team of 3, the boat operator, skier, and observer must learn the skills for safe skiing. You should know the following before heading out:
All persons being towed are required to wear a non-inflatable, USCG-approved personal flotation device (PFD) approved by and used in accordance with the U.S. Coast Guard label.
No one may wear an inflatable PFD.
Water skiing and aquaplaning is only allowed from ½ hour before sunrise to ½ hour past sunset. Water skiing or aquaplaning is prohibited at night.
It is illegal to pass the towline over another vessel, as well as to navigate between the vessel and the person being towed.
It is illegal to tow a skier so close to a fixed object or another vessel that there is risk of collision.
As well as the operator, an observer is required to be on board when a person is being towed, or the operator must have and use a wide-angle rear-view mirror.
No one may ski or use another aquaplaning device while impaired by alcohol or drugs.
Tips for Safe Towing Devices
Check your equipment – make sure the towing cleat or transom eyes are tight and secure. You should also check the towable equipment before each use. Read your owner’s manual for proper inflation and other safety issues relating to the particular piece of equipment.
Select a safe area to tow. There should be a minimum of 100 feet of open water on each side of the boat, 3,000 feet of unobstructed waterway in front of the boat and there should be no in-the-water obstructions such as docks, pilings, rocks, speed signs, etc.
State or local laws may restrict towing areas. Check your State and local laws and ordinances prior to towing.
Make sure anyone being towed is wearing their life jacket.
Make sure there is a designated “spotter” on the towing vessel or the vessel is equipped with a mirror. The “spotter” should continually monitor the towing device(s) and status of the rider(s). He/she should keep the driver updated on the status.
The driver should always be looking at the path of the boat, other boating traffic and potential obstructions.
Choose a safe location to stop your boat and make sure that the towable device is slowing at the same rate as the boat.
Wake surfing is permitted, as long as it is conducted behind a boat with an inboard motor.
Be extremely mindful of the slingshot effect. That is when the boat makes a sudden turn and the towable device continues in the same direction, crosses the wake and may be subject to hitting objects in the water.
A water-jet propelled watercraft
a vessel that uses an inboard motor powering a water jet pump as the primary source of propulsion.
Approximately __ of all injuries from boating accidents are attributed to the use of PWC.
30%
Federal Regulations require that all PWC:
Be registered and display a registration number in accordance with state and federal guidelines.
Have properly fitted, USCG approved PFD for each person on board (in most states they must be WORN by a PWC operator or passenger.).
Have a USCG approved, Class B-1 fire extinguisher aboard the PWC.
Have a lanyard connected to the start/stop switch of your PWC. This will stop the engine if the operator falls off.
The Personal Watercraft Industry Association also recommends that the operator wear eye protection, a wetsuit, footwear, and gloves.
jet drive requires
moving water through the drive nozzle for maneuverability. In other words you must have power to have steering control. If you release the throttle to idle or if the engine shuts off during operation you will lose all steering control
If you are approaching a dock, shore, or other vessel at a speed greater than you can control and you release the throttle to idle or shut off the engine,
you will have no maneuvering capability and the PWC will continue its forward movement.
Operating in reverse can greatly _ the ability to steer.
reduce
Lookout
Look at what other boats around you are doing.
Always look around and behind you before making a turn.
Remember that you must obey all the same rules of operation as motorboats.
Larger boats may not even be able to see you if you are too close and they may not be able to get out of your way in time.
Stability
The hull of a PWC is somewhat unstable while the craft is at rest in the water. PWCs become more stable as they pick up speed. The force of the water being propelled under the PWC and out the back adds some support to the hull during movement. Because typical PWCs utilize mechanical steering devices and directional jet nozzles to turn their craft, their center of gravity and pivot point are far forward and this can create an abrupt tail sliding instability problem.
Load Capacity
Manufacturer’s load capacities differ depending on the size of your PWC. Consult your owner’s manual to determine your PWC’s load capacity. Do not exceed the manufacturer’s recommended load capacities.
Reserve Fuel Tank
PWCs, like most motorcycles, are equipped with reserve fuel tanks that can be switched to if you run out of fuel. With proper planning, you should never have to use your reserve tank. Always plan your outing according to the 1/3 rule to avoid running out of fuel. Use 1/3 of your fuel going out, 1/3 coming back and 1/3 in reserve. (Do not count the reserve tank in this 1/3.)
If you fall off your PWC don’t abandon it. If it has not righted itself, turn it over. Most PWCs carry a label on the hull that indicates the direction the PWC should be rolled. Be sure to right the PWC in the direction that the label indicates. If yours does not have a label, check your owner’s manual.
Approach the PWC from the stern and pull yourself up onto your knees on the boarding platform.
From there continue to pull yourself back up on the seat.
Be sure to attach the kill switch lanyard to the kill switch and to your body or PFD.
Start up and get back underway.
Most complaints to law enforcement officials regarding the operation of PWCs fall into the following categories:
Wake jumping: This extremely dangerous. It is also irritating to boaters attempting to be watchful and maneuver in heavily congested areas.
No wake zones: No wake means the slowest possible speed your boat will go and still provide maneuverability. If you want to get on the wrong side of a responsible boater, disobey no-wake zones. You are likely to find yourself with a ticket, since most boaters and shoreline property owners will not hesitate to report violators of slow-no-wake areas.
High speeds too near shore or other boats: Most states require 100-200 feet of separation between boats and the shore when moving at more than no-wake speeds.
Noise: Excessive noise near shore or near anchored boats is sure to draw negative attention. Be considerate of property owners and other boaters. Consult your state or local government agencies who are responsible for setting legal noise limits.
There are environmental issues that PWC operators need to consider as well:
Pollution: Refuel on land to reduce chances of spillage into the water. Don’t overfill your fuel tank. Check and clean your engine well away from shorelines.
Turbidity: In shallow waters where PWCs can easily operate, the bottom gets stirred up, suspending sediment. This cuts down on light penetration and depletes oxygen. This can affect bird and fish feeding. To avoid this, operate your PWC in deeper water. If you do have to travel in shallow water, run at idle speed.
Vegetation: In coastal areas be aware of low tide. Low water levels expose sea grass beds and other delicate vegetation. Disturbances can cause erosion and long-lasting damage. As a side effect, ingesting seaweed and seagrass or other debris into the drive intake is not good for your engine and can create a hazard by restricting water flow.
Wildlife harassment: A PWC near shore can interrupt feeding and nesting wildlife, and cause animals to deviate from their normal behavior. And that, by law, is illegal. Mammals such as otters, manatees, and whales can be injured by direct contact with a boat, and it is believed that the noise from watercraft can even adversely influence breeding cycles and cause birth defects. So avoid areas of high animal populations.
The U. S. Coast Guard classifies personal watercraft (PWC) as
inboard boats. That means personal watercraft are subject to the same rules and requirements as any other powerboat plus additional requirements specific to PWC.
In addition to the requirements previously stated:
Each person on a PWC or being towed by a PWC must wear a USCG approved PFD type I, II, III or V.
Inflatable PFD are prohibited for personal watercraft use.
The law requires anyone operating a PWC equipped with a lanyard cut-off switch to attach the lanyard to his or her person, clothing or life jacket. Operating a PWC equipped with a self-circling device is prohibited if the device has been altered.
Maneuvering a PWC by weaving through congested vessel traffic, jumping the wake of another vessel unreasonably close or when visibility around the vessel is obstructed, or swerving at the last possible moment to avoid collision is classified as reckless operation of a vessel (a first-degree misdemeanor).
It is illegal for a person under the age of 14 to operate a PWC.
A person must be at least 18 years old to rent a personal watercraft in Florida.
It is unlawful for a person to knowingly allow a person under 14 years old to operate a personal watercraft (a second-degree misdemeanor).
Personal watercraft may not be operated from 1/2 hour after sunset to 1/2 hour before sunrise, even if navigation lights are used. Remember, both federal and state law requires the use of navigation lights from sunset to sunrise.
You may not carry more passengers than the number for which the craft was designed to carry by the manufacturer. When towing someone on a tube or on water skis, the PWC must have the appropriate capacity to accommodate the operator, the observer, and the person being towed.
Manatee awareness
Manatees are protected by state and federal law and are classified as endangered. Boaters should avoid manatee habitats and always be careful when navigating on waters where manatees could be present such as seagrass areas and shallow waters.
It is illegal to harass, hunt, capture or kill any marine mammal, including manatees. Anything that disrupts a manatee’s normal behavior is a violation of law, punishable under federal law by a fine of up to $50,000, one-year imprisonment, or both. Boaters must observe all manatee protection zone requirements.
If you accidentally strike a manatee, you should report the strike to the FWC immediately as immediate care could save the manatees life and is not necessarily a violation if operator was complying with boating regulations and zones.
Contact the FWC if you see an injured, dead, or entangled manatee. Some Manatees have tracking devices attached to their tails that may be spotted on top of the water. These Manatees are not in need of help and should be left alone
Signs of manatees in the water:
Wear polarized glasses; manatee diving causes swirls on top of water.
Seeing the animal’s back, snout or tail break the surface.
Hearing the animal break the surface of the water to breathe.
Seagrass Awareness
Seagrass is a plant that lives underwater, whose leaves are out of the water, but which is rooted in the sediment. Seagrass is the principal food for endangered marine herbivores, such as manatees and green sea turtles; it acts as a natural filter to help purify the water and provides a suitable environment for a wide variety of marine life. Boaters should make all possible attempts to stay within channels when unfamiliar with a waterway and make all available attempts to avoid navigating through seagrass beds, which can cause propeller scars. Navigation charts identify seagrass beds as light green or marked as “grs” on the chart. Mud trails in shallow areas are indicators of the propeller churning up the bottom and cutting seagrass roots. Boaters should avoid anchoring in seagrass areas and know their boat’s operating depth.
It is a violation of Florida law to damage sea grass beds in some areas within state waters. Some areas will have signs posted that state Aquatic Preserve. Destruction of Seagrass in Aquatic Preserves is a violation of Florida law and carries a penalty of up to $1,000.
Sea Turtles
Florida is home to five of the seven species of sea turtles in the world. All five species are on the endangered or threatened list and are protected by state and federal law. To avoid strikes and collisions, boaters must not approach sea turtles in the water. Boaters must not throw trash or materials in ocean as trash and fishing line can be ingested and are fatal to sea turtles and other marine life. If you see an injured, dead or entangled sea turtle please contact FWC immediately.
Right Whales
Right Whales are critically endangered and only an estimated 300 are left in the North Atlantic. The only calving grounds are located off the east coasts of Florida and Georgia. It is a violation of federal law to approach within 500 meters. Additionally, it is very important to immediately call USCG VHF 16 or FWC if you spot an entangled Right Whale. If you see a Right Whale please call FWC with location for data and relaying purposes or 1-888-97-WHALE
The port side of a vessel is the _ side.
Left
The stern of a vessel is the _ of the vessel.
Rear
Basic types of vessel hulls can be described as _.
a) moving and non-moving
b) displacement and planing
c) rough and smooth
d) narrow and wide
b) displacement and planing
Name three basic hull shapes.
I) Round Bottom
II) Flat Bottom
III) Vee Bottom
What are the four length classes of vessels?
I) Less than 16 feet
II) 16 to less than 26 feet
III) 26 to less than 40 feet
IV) 40 to less than 65 feet
List the four basic types of engines.
I) Outboard
II) Inboard
III) Stern Drive
IV) Jet Drive
Stern drive and inboard engines are _.
a) marinized outboard engines
b) specially designed and built engines
c) automotive engines adapted for marine use
d) jet drive engines
c) automotive engines adapted for marine use
The U.S. Coast Guard considers personal watercraft to be _.
Inboard Vessels
Personal watercraft are not subject to the laws and requirements of other vessels.
True / False
False
An _ is a device used to pump and force water under pressure through a steering nozzle at the rear of the vessel.
Impeller
What information is displayed on the capacity plate of an outboard powerboat?
I) Capacity in pounds or number of people
II) Recommended maximum horsepower
List three things that should be included on your float plan before you embark on an extended outing.
I) Vessel’s description; give number, size, make, etc.
II) Number, names, and addresses of passengers
III) Trip plan
Name three things that you should do while filling the fuel tank of your vessel.
I) Keep the nozzle in contact with the tank opening
II) Fill tank slowly and avoid spilling
III) Never fill to the brim
A rule of thumb to prevent running out of fuel on a PWC is _ out, in, and __ in reserve.
1/3 out, 1/3 in, and 1/3 in reserve
If the combined weight of the vessel and its engine is more than _ of the recommended load capacity of the trailer, you should get the next larger trailer.
90%
“Tongue weight” is the amount of the loaded trailer’s weight that _.
Presses down on the towing hitch
Two strong safety chains should be _ to support the trailer’s coupler in case it becomes disconnected from the towing vehicle.
Crisscrossed
Where should you prepare your vessel before launching it from the trailer?
Well away from the boat ramp
Name three engine maintenance tips.
I) Keep well tuned
II) Check oil levels
III) Change oil
IV) Check batteries
V) Grease and lubricate
VI) Check for anything loose
If the wind or current direction is toward the dock, you should cast off the _ first when leaving the dock.
Stern Line
The _ is required to take early and substantial action to avoid a collision by stopping, slowing down, or changing course.
Give-way Vessel
The stand-on vessel must _ unless _.
Maintain its course of speed unless it becomes apparent the give-way vessel is not taking appropriate action.
If you are driving a powerboat or PWC and meet another powerboat or PWC head-on, you should keep to the _.
Right
If you are overtaking another vessel, you are the stand-on vessel.
True / False
False
If you see a red and a white light ahead when boating at night, you should maintain course and speed.
True / False
False
If you see only a green light while boating at night, you may be approaching a _ and you must _.
Sailing vessel and you must give way
_ are the “traffic signals” that guide boaters safely along their course.
Buoys and markers
The phrase “R___ R___ R___” reminds vessels of the correct course in the lateral system of U.S. Aids to Navigation.
Red Right Returning
A green can buoy marks the edge of the channel on a boater’s _ side when entering from the open sea or heading upstream.
Left
The regulatory marker indicates _.
Danger
The regulatory marker indicates areas that are _ to vessels.
Off-limits
A good rule of thumb is that the anchor line should be at least _ times the depth of the water.
7-10
You should never anchor from the _ of the vessel as that can make the vessel unstable.
Stern
To maintain steering control of a PWC, you must never allow the engine to _ or _.
Return to idle or shut off
The most common complaints boaters have against PWC operators are _ and _.
Wake jumping and riding too close
As a courtesy to other boaters and people on shore, PWC operators should _ the operating area.
Vary
Name a safety device that shuts the engine off if the operator is thrown from the proper operating position.
Emergency Ignition Safety Switch
To avoid propeller strike accidents, make sure _ when passengers are boarding or disembarking a boat.
The engine is shut off
The _ is a number assigned and imprinted by the vessel manufacturer and is unique to your vessel.
Hull Identification Number
Allowing passengers to ride on the _ or ___while underway is reckless operation.
Bow or gunwale
If your blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is above the legal limit, it is illegal to _ a vessel.
Operate
In order for a PFD to be legal, it must be -approved, in condition, and _ accessible.
U.S. Coast Guard approved, in good and serviceable condition, and readily accessible
Name the five types of PFDs.
I) Offshore life Jacket
II) Near-shore Vest
III) Flotation aid
IV) Throwable device
V) Special-use device
These Type _ PFDs are _ devices, and most states require at least one of these to be on board vessels 16 feet in length or longer.
Type IV PFDs are throwable devices
PWC operations, no matter what age, must wear an approved _ whenever underway.
Personal Flotation Device (PFD)
Fire extinguishers should be placed in an area that is _ and not near the _.
Accessible and not near the engine
It is recommended that you wait at least _ minutes after turning on your vessel’s blower (if so equipped) and before starting your engine.
Four
For an 18-foot-powerboat, required navigation lights include a red light on the , a green light on the , and _.
Red light on the port (left), a green light on the starboard (right), and a white light
A 16-foot canoe away from dock after dark must have on hand at least a _ or _.
Flashlight or lantern
Name two visual distress signals (VDSs) for use at night.
I) Red flares
II) Red meteors
III) Electric Light
Describe the appearance of a divers flag.
Red flag with white diagonal stripe
If an observer is on board when pulling a skier behind a vessel, the vessel should be rated to carry at least _ people.
Three
Water-skier(s) may be towed at night with proper lighting.
True / False
False
It is illegal to discharge , , or _ into federally controlled or state waters.
Waste, oil, or trash
You must report on any accident you are in if it results in , , or _.
Death, serious injury, or significant property damage
In a typical boating fatality, life jackets are _ but are not _.
On the boat but are not being worn
Name three boating stressors that make you tire more rapidly when on the water.
I) Glare and heat of the sun
II) Motion
III) Noise and Vibration of the Engine
To prevent dehydration while on the water, you should drink some water at least _.
Every 15-20 minutes
One-_ of the amount of alcohol that makes a person legally intoxicated on land can be enough to make someone equally intoxicated when on the water.
Third
_ is a major contributor to boating accidents and fatalities.
Alcohol
An easy way to remember priorities for rescuing someone who has fallen into the water is , , and _!
Reach, Throw, Row and Go!
If you capsize, immediately swim to shore to ensure your safety.
True / False
False
What are four things you should do if a fire erupts on your boat while underway?
I) Stop the vessel and put on a PFD
II) Keep fire downwind
III) Shut off fuel supply
IV) Aim extinguisher at base of flames
The condition called _ occurs when the body loses heat faster than it can produce it.
Hyptohermia
The primary danger that occurs immediately upon being immersed in cold water is _.
Involuntary gasping, resulting in water inhalation and drowning
The position you should assume if trapped in cold water, “HELP,” stands for:
“H” – Hear
“E” – Escape
“L” – Lessening
“P” – Posture
Name four symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning.
I) Irritated eyes
II) Headache
III) Nausea
IV) Weakness
V) Dizziness
Bleeding usually can be controlled by applying _ to the wound.
Direct pressure
As the operator of a vessel, you are responsible for ensuring that your passengers understand _ and _.
Basic safety practices and laws
Before allowing anyone to operate your PWC, you should remind them that power is _.
Required for steering control
To protect the environment, you should practice the three “Rs” – R___, R___, and R___.
Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle
If you capsize in a canoe, kayak, or raft, you should stay on the _ side of the craft.
Upstream
What are three river hazards that paddlers should avoid?
I) Low-head dams
II) Rapids
III) Strainers
When picking up a skier, always keep them in view and on the _ side of the boat.
Operator’s
In addition to a displayed diver-down flag, what indicates that a diver may be below the water’s surface?
Bubbles
When passing under power lines and bridges, sailboat operators need to be aware of the _.
Masthead clearance
Hunters who use vessels to get their hunting spot should always wear their _.
Life jackets (PFDs)
When your vessel is being passed (overtaken) by another vessel you are required to _
Maintain Your Speed And Direction.
Constant awareness is required _______________to avoid collisions and accidents. Look all around you to stay safe, not just in front of you.
On All Boats At All Hours
If you back off the throttle on a PWC __
You Will Lose Steering.
When operating in shallow water or seagrass and you see a mud trail behind you __ that means to get off and walk the jet ski to deeper water to keep from sucking up sand or seagrass into the engine.
Stop Your Vessel and Walk or Pole It Out Of The Area
_ are required by law to wear a life jacket at all times on any vessel under 26 feet long
All Children Under 6 Years Old
While operating a PWC the engine shuts off for any reason _
The Vessel Will Lose Steering And Continue To Move In The Direction You Are Moving.
If you and a friend are riding PWC’s, he is in front of you and stops very abruptly – you must _ This is example of why you should not be too close to other vessels.
Use The Throttle To Turn And Avoid The Collision.
You DO NOT have to report a boating accident when the damage is _
Less Than $1000.
The most critical part of boating is __
Staying Alert
If two powered vessels approach each other in a head-on situation __________That means to pass each other port to port, or left side to left side, just like cars on a highway.
Both Should Stay Right And Prepare To Give Way.
Ways to avoid having a collision include________ You should never get too close to any vessels while riding.
Not Riding Too Close To A Boat To Jump Wakes
When you see a boat approaching from your right the action you should take is to _______as they have the right-of-way.
Slow Down And Give Way To That Boat
When crossing paths the give way vessel is responsible to _______That means if the other boat has the right-of-way then you are the give way vessel and must slow down to avoid the other vessel.
Slow Down And Change Course
a __ is considered “Under The Influence” in Florida at 0.08 blood alcohol level, just like an automobile driver.
boater
To re-board a PWC if you fall off you should roll it over in the direction _ on the back of the vessel. There is a label on the back near where you climb on board that shows you to roll it clockwise or counter clockwise to avoid causing damage to the engine.
shown on the label
A way to CAUSE a collision is__________
Riding Too Close To A Boat In Order To Jump Its Wake.
the primary cause of boating accidents is________
careless operation
How many feet away must boaters that are operating rivers stay away from “divers-down”?
100
Under Florida law, what must be on-board a boat while towing a water skier?
throw rope made of polypropylene
What is the the maximum penalty for harassing, hunting, or killing any marine mammal such as a manatee?
$50,000 in fines
During which activity must a child under 6 yrs old wear a USCG-approved life-vest at all times?
cruising on any boat less than 26 ft in length
If involved in a boating accident with injuries, what must be done before leaving the scene?
give aid to injured persons
In Florida, which of the following provides natural habitats for marine life?
sea grasses
Under Florida law, when entering a “no wake” area, what action must boaters take?
reduce speed to idle
FL law states that boater is considered to be under the influence if he/she has a blood alcohol of
0.08
In Florida, what is the minimum legal age (in years) to operate any PWC?
14
As of January 2010 Florida, what is legal requirement for person born on or after January 1988
has completed an approved boating safety course