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How should a boat’s registration number and validation decal be displayed?
on both sides of the bow
What are the most important factors in choosing a PFD?
weight and chest size
Information on the capacity plate
number of people, max weight, sometimes max horsepower
Best way to find out about local hazards
nautical chart
Minimum age to operate a PWC
16 years old
Type of PFD that turns most people face up
off-shore PFD (type 1)
Who is responsible for making sure passengers know all safety information?
the operator
Best place to store a fire extinguisher
in an easily accessible place
When should a life jacket be discarded and replaced?
when it is torn
What effect does alcohol have on operating a vessel?
increases the likelihood of an accident
In federally controlled waters, what equipment is required on an 18 foot boat?
USCG approved visual distress signal, PFD, throwable device
sound producing device required on an 18 ft boat in NJ waters
horn or whistle
What factors provide warning of dangerous weather?
dark clouds and shifting winds
part of a regular engine maintenance program
check the oil
With respect to the wind or current, how should you approach the dock?
into the wind
What should you do before fueling?
stop the engine, close all doors/windows/hatches
Where should the trailer be located when loading gear?
well away from the dock
how to avoid propeller strikes when boarding
turn of engine
What is a reason why boat operators would be directed to shore?
not enough PFDs on board
What is the best way of minimizing the risk of drowning?
wearing a life jacket
how to avoid transporting nuisance species
clean hull, clear bilge, clear off zebra mussels
boat operator should tell passengers
basic safety information and the location of safety equipment
function of an ignition safety switch
kills the engine if it comes off
How far away from a marina, dock, or wharf must a power boat be to travel faster than no wake speed?
200 feet
effect of alcohol while boating compared to land
greater while boating
boating while intoxicated in NJ waters
boating in NJ = implied consent for breathilizer
Who is responsible for avoiding collisions?
the operator
What is a safe speed for boats?
a speed at which the operator can avoid collisions
What is the main purpose of the lateral system of red and green buoys/markers?
to mark the edge of safe waters
Is operating at slow/no-wake speed when passing an anchored vessel legal?
yes
When is a sailboat undersail the give-way vessel when encountering a power-driven vessel?
when it is overtaking the power-driven vessel
What should an operator do to make sure passengers know what to do in an emergency?
conduct drills
Other than a vessel operator, who is required to be on board a vessel if it is towing a skier?
a competent observer
white buoy with an orange diamond with a cross through it and black lettering
exclusion (do not enter)
Why is carbon monoxide dangerous?
clear, odorless, tasteless
At what distance away from a military vessel must a recreational vessel slow to minimum speed?
500 yards
What must a vessel owner do before letting others operate their vessel?
make sure the person knows how to operate the boat safely
how to reduce the risk of falling overboard
stay near the center of the boat, low center of gravity
What must the boat operator do when someone is being pulled into the boat from the water?
turn off the engine
first action required of a boat operator who witnesses an accident
provide assistance
When is a boat operator required to report an accident?
when is results in death/disappearance, injury, or damage more than $2000
condition with greatest risk of developing hypothermia
immersed in cold water
What should you immediately do if a boat’s motor catches on fire?
turn off the engine
What do you do if you run aground?
lift the outdrive
action that results in loss of steering control in a PWC
letting off of the throttle
NJ law: How old must you be to operate a boat that is greater than 12 ft but has an engine of less than 10 horsepower?
13 years old
When is it legal to tow a person on waterskis?
sunrise to sunset
What does an operator do to keep a proper lookout?
watch for navigational hazards
How many feet away from the shoreline must a jetski be to operate at a speed greater than minimum headway speed?
100 feet
What hours is it illegal to operate a PWC?
sunset to sunrise
Why should an operator keep a proper lookout?
to avoid collisions
What can paddlers do to avoid capsizing?
low center of gravity, 3 points of contact with boat
anglers/hunters should do this while fishing/hunting from boat
wear a PFD
Children of what age are required to wear a PFD?
12 and under
What is the main factor in determining a safe speed?
visibility
What do you do when two powerboats are approaching head on?
both turn right
When should navigation lights be displayed?
night and when visibility is reduced
What could happen if you anchor from the stern?
the boat could swamp
What do you do if visibility is restricted because of fog?
reduce speed to avoid collisions
What do you do if you fall overboard in cold water?
try to get back into/onto your boat or on something else that floats
1) A capacity plate shows the:
Maximum horsepower and weight allowed
2) What is the minimum height of the state registration numbers that are displayed on a boat?
3″
3) If a boat transfers ownership, is destroyed, lost, stolen or recovered, the owner must notify the agency which issued the certificate within this many days:
15
4) On a federally documented boat, it must have this number permanently affixed in block type, Arabic numerals not lees than 3″ in height, on a clearly visible internal structural part of the boat.
Official number
5) This legal proof of state registration is required to be on the boat whenever it is underway:
Certificate of number
6) Motorized boats must be
registered in the state of principal use
7) A Backfire Flame Arrestor is attached to the air intake of an inboard gasoline engine and is designed to:
Suppress flames
8) Which one of the following boats is required to have a fire extinguisher on board:
Personal watercraft
9) Which of the following boats is required to have a Type IV (throwable) Personal Floatation Device on board under USCG regulations?
16″ bass boat
10) Which of the following is a U.S. Coast Guard approved type of visual distress signaling device:
electric distress signal light
11) All boats less than 39.4 feet in length, must legally carry this item in order to communicate with other boats…
an efficient means of producing a sound signal
12) A U.S. Coast Guard approved installed fire extinguishing system replaces this many portable B-I fire extinguishers?
1
13) With whom should you leave your float plan?
Friend, neighbor, or relative
14) To prevent structural damage, always do this prior to backing your boat into the water.
raise the lower unit (outdrive) or outboard engine
15) When fueling, you should always make certain this item makes contact with the fuel tank opening to prevent static spark.
Fuel nozzle
16) A type IV (throwable) PFD must be kept:
Immediately available
17) This required piece of safety equipment is attached to the carburetor of inboard gasoline engines to suppress flames:
backfire flame arrestors
18) After fueling, and before starting the engine, this item should be turned on for at least 4 minutes.
engine exhaust blower
19) On boats required to carry visual distress signals, the minimum amount is:
3 day/night combination flares
20) Passengers should all wear this item each time the boat gets underway.
life jacket
21) An inflatable Type III PFD may be worn by this boater:
16 year-old operating a ski boat
22) When trailering a boat, which type maneuver requires the widest turning radius?
right hand turn
23) Whenever a boat is taken out of the water, operators should thoroughly clean their boat to prevent these from spreading to other water environments:
aquatic nuisance species
24) When operating on federal waters, boats of this length and above must display the Federal Pollution (oil) Control Act placard:
26 feet
25) All watercraft with inboard gasoline engines and installed fuel tanks are required to have this safety item on board:
USCG approved fire extinguisher or fixed system
26) If a boat operator’s Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) is at or above this level, they are considered to be legally intoxicated by federal (U.S. Coast Guard) statute.
.08
27) The danger signal consists of at least this many short blasts in quick succession:
5
28) At night you observe only a green bow light (no all-round white light) ahead and to your left. This indicates:
a sailing vessel crossing left to right
29) A sailing vessel is usually the stand on vessel when interacting with a power driven vessel, except when the sailing vessel is…
Overtaking another vessel
30) Any vessel overtaking any other vessel shall:
keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken
31) The red sidelight is on this side of a boat:
Port
32) You are driving a power-driven boat and you observe another power-driven boat crossing from your left to right, you should:
maintain course and speed
33) If the compass bearing of an approaching vessel does not appreciably change
There is a risk of collision
34) At night you observe a green bow light and an all-around white light ahead of you. This indicates a boat is moving in this direction:
Crossing from your left to your right
35) The preferred method of putting the anchor over the side is to…
slowly lower the anchor and tie off to a bow cleat
36) Recreational boaters must stay away from Naval vessels because:
it’s the law under Homeland Security measures
37) When fueling, protect the environment by
using sorbent materials
38) Used motor oil should be
retained onboard and be properly disposed
39) Most boating fatalities are the result of:
capsizing or falls overboard
40) The condition in which the human body loses heat faster than it can be produced is called:
Hypothermia
41) A person who has unintentionally fallen out of boat should:
stay with the boat and try to get out of the water
42) To maintain stability in a small boat, everyone on board should:
stay low in the center
43) When travel under a bridge, boat operators should.
know the height of the bridge
44) A PWC, without rudders, will not turn when:
the throttle is released or engine is shut off
45) PWC operators may operate:
according to the state laws where operating
46) If you run aground, and there is damage to your boat’s hull, you should:
put on PFDs, do not move the boat, and radio for assistance
47) The majority of boaters who die in a boating incident die because they:
We’re not wearing a PFD
48) To indicate a person is diving from a boat, use a
blue and white alpha flag
49) To lessen the chance of capsizing, boaters should…
distribute weight evenly and low in the boat
50) The best way to stay informed of boating laws is to
take continuing education classes
51) Which state agency is responsible for enforcing the boating laws in New Jersey?
State police
52) In New Jersey, children under what age must wear a life jacket while boating on all public waters?
12
53) What is the legal minimum illegal intoxication limit for boating under the influence in New Jersey?
.08
54) When is water skiing permitted in New Jersey?
Sunrise to sunset
55) On New Jersey waters, PWC may only be operated during what times?
Sunrise to sunset
56) In New Jersey, what requirement must be met in order to legally tow a person with a PWC?
a competent observe
57) In New Jersey, what minimum size PWC must be used to tow a person?
3 seater
58) In New Jersey, what is the minimum dollar amount of damage to a boat that must be reported?
$500
59) In New Jersey, while pulling or retrieving a skier, when a skier is in the water; or while a towline is in the water, what item must be displayed at least four feet above the highest structure on the boat?
Signal pennant
60) In New Jersey, what is the legal length of a towline?
not less than 35 ft. and not more than 75 ft. in length
What is the age that you MUST wear a PFD at all times?
12 or younger
How old must you be to receive a NJ boat safety certificate?
13 years old
How old must you be to operate a Personal Water Craft
(PWC)?
16 years old
True or False: Anyone age 13 or older can operate a powerboat that is operated by a trolling motor or one horsepower or less or if the the boat is longer than 12 feet it must have less than ten horsepower
True
When should your navigation lights be on?
Sunset to Sunrise or during the day if visibility is restricted
When is it legal to tow someone on a wakeboard or tube?
Sunrise to Sunset
When is it legal to operate a personal watercraft?
Sunrise to Sunset
Is it legal to operate your boat by the launch ramp?
Yes you have to go at slow speed no wake
Where is the best place to transfer gear from your vehicle to your boat before launching?
Away from the boat ramp. Preparation should be done away from the ramp
Can you legally pass an emergency vessel with their lights on?
Yes, but you must go at a slow rate no wake speed
How fast should you go in a lagoon or narrow channel?
Slow speed
Is it legal to operate at a slow speed inside of a marked exclusion area? (diamond with a cross)
NEVER GO IN THIS AREA
What is the distance you should be from any military or service vessel?
500 yards away
If you are within 500 yards of a military vessel how fast should you be going?
Slow, no wake speed
If you are within 100 yards of a military vessel what should you do?
Be stopped
If you are operating at a fast speed how far must you be from a marina, pier, wharf, or dock?
200 feet away
When you are closer than 200 feet away from a marina, pier, wharf, or dock how fast should you go?
No wake speed, slow
Before you leave the dock what should you look at?
Nautical Chart
What is a Nautical Chart?
Contains information such as water depths and the locations of channels, sand bars, rocks and vegetation. Prevents from running aground.
What can prevent you from running aground?
Nautical Chart
Who is responsible for avoiding collision?
EVERYONE
When two boats are approaching head on what should they do?
Each boat must give way to the right to pass
Another boat is approaching your boat from your starboard side, what do you do?
You must stop, slow down, change direction (you are the give-way vessel)
When you are underway and a sailboat is passing you, what must you do?
Maintain course and speed as the sailboat must give-way
True or False: If you are overtaking another boat you must give way
True
What is the primary factor that will affect boat speed?
Visibility
Caught in the fog, What do you do?
Slow down, turn on navigation lights, be prepared to take action to avoid collision
Red buoys: Even or odd numbers?
Even
Green buoys: Even or odd numbers?
Odd
Purpose of Markers?
Identify edges of safe water, the potential for running aground outside them is very high
Running Aground, what must you FIRST do?
Make sure everyone is okay, give assistance
What should you do after you run aground?
Check if everyone is okay, check for leaks, turn the engine off, shift weight in the boat forward, raise the engine and push yourself using a boat hook or an ore
Must you register boat every year?
Yes
Where are validation decals placed?
Next to the registration numbers on both sides of the bow of the boat
Where are registration numbers located on a boat?
Both sides of the BOW of the boat
What is located on the starboard side of the stern or transom of your boat?
HULL identification number
What is a mandatory Coast Guard requirement that you must have on your boat in federally controlled waters?
Approved visual distress signals
What are approved visual distress signals?
Flare, SOS light, red meteors, or distress flags
What is required on all boats?
Life jackets, fire extinguishers, whistle, horn
How fast should you go when approaching a dock?
Slow speed
Should you go towards or away from the current or wind when docking your boat?
AGAINST the wind or current
What should you do before you fuel your boat?
- Get everyone off the boat
- Make sure everything is turned off including all electrical equipment
- Close all windows, doors, ports, and openings
- Remove portable fuel tanks from the boat and fill them on the dock
- Make sure fire extinguisher is handy
What should you do after fueling your boat?
- Open all windows, ports, doors, and openings
- Wipe up any spilled fuel
- Sniff bilge and engine for fuel vapors
- Allow for the boat to ventilate before starting the engine back up (4 minutes)
How to keep invasive species at bay?
Throughly clean off your boat and your trailer and remove plants and animals that you may see (zebra mussels)
If you are out on the water what have you given consent to?
An alcohol or drug test
What happens if you operate a boat under the influence?
Lost boating license for a year and driving for three months
Towing vessels must have _ to watch the person being towed
a competent observer
PWC or boat requires to have at least how many people aboard?
3 people
What are you required to have when you are towing someone?
Ski Tow Flag
Where should the ski tow flag be placed?
4 feet above the highest part of the vessel and must be displayed when towing someone behind your vessel
When must accidents be reported to the NJ state police?
If a person disappears, dies, injury, or property damage is more than $2,000
Slow Speed/No Wake
The speed at which a motorized vessel moves through the water and is able to maintain minimum headway in relation to a vessel or structure being passed and produces the minimum wake possible.
What does a PWC need to steer?
Power
What is minimum headway speed?
The slowest speed at which it is still possible to maintain steering control of a personal watercraft (PWC)
Where is the starboard on the boat?
Right side
Where is the port on the boat?
Left side
What are the 6 types of nautical knots?
- Figure Eight Bend
- Bowline Knot
- Anchor Bend Knot
- Cleating Hitch
- Clove Hitch
- Round Turn and Two Half Hitches
What should you do when fueling your tank?
Use caution and keep the nozzle of the fuel-pump hose in solid contact
True or False: You should fill the fuel tank to the brim
False. Leave room for fuel to expand
Where should green markers be?
On your port side moving towards the open sea
When do green marker numbers increase?
As you are returning upstream from open water
Where should red markers be?
On your starboard side (RED, RIGHT, RETURNING) coming back from the open sea
When do red markers numbers increase?
As you are returning upstream from open water
When should green markers be on your starboard side?
When traveling towards open water
When should red markers be on your starboard side?
When returning from open water
Whats the 3 responsibility’s of every boater?
- Practice good seamanship
- Keep a proper lookout
- Maintain a safe speed
What are the two basic types of boat hulls?
Displacement and planing
What are the common navigation lights?
Side Lights: (red=starboard, green=port)
Sternlight: behind the vessel
Masthead Light: shines forward and to both sides
All-Round White Light: Serves as anchor light when side lights are not working
When must a power-driven vessel give way to?
- Any vessel not under command
- Any vessel restricted in ability to move
- A vessel engaged in fishing
- A sailing vessel unless it is overtaking
When must a sailing vessel give way to?
- Any vessel not under command
- Any vessel restricted in ability to move
- A vessel engaged in fishing
Where is the bow?
Front of the boat
Where is the stern?
Back of the boat
Left side of the boat
Port
Right side of the boat
Starboard
Front of boat
Bow
Back of boat
Stern
Body of boat
Hull
Upper edge of a boat’s side
Gunwale
Maximum width of a vessel
Beam
Distance from water to lowest point of boat where water could come on board
Free board
Depth of water needed to float a vessel
Draft
Main center line (backboard) of a vessel, or the extension of hull that increases stability in the water
Keel
Steering device near the back of the boat / also in sailboats
Rudder
Screen that covers the intake in most PWC
Intake grate
A kind of hull that…
1- moves through the water by pushing water aside and is designed to cut through water with little propulsion
2- go generally slower because they have round bottomed-hull shapes
3- more common on large cruisers and sailboats
4- provide a smoother ride
Displacement hull
The boats __ is the amount of water that moves out of the way of the boat when in motion. This weight equals the weight of the boat.
Displacement
A kind of hull that…
1- Rise up and glide on top of the water
2- have a flat / v shaped bottom
3- faster
4- common on PWC and slower power driven vehicles
5- Drive in 3 different modes
Planing hull
The 3 different modes of a planing hull are…
Displacement, Plowing, Planing
The length of the boats hull excluding all attachments and tip of the bow in a straight line to the stern determine the overall boat __
Length
Class A length class boats are less than __ feet
16
Class 1 length class boats are between 17 and __ feet
25
Class 2 length class boats are between 26 and __ feet
39
Class 3 length class boats are between 40 and __ feet
60
Outboard and inboard are two different types of _
Engines
__ Engines…
1- Are portable
2- Older engines are 2 stroke new engines are 4
3- Steering wheel controlled
Outboard
Another word for steering wheel
Tiller
__ Engines…..
1- All 4-stroke for marine use
2- Mounted inside midsection or transom
3- Steering is controlled by a rudder behind the propeller
Inboard
Stern and jet are two different types of _
Drives
_______…..
1- More quiet and fuel efficient
2- Combine features from both types of engines
Stern Drives
______….
1- Use engine to power strong water pump by forcing jet of water out the back
2- Most common in PWC
3- Designed for shallow water
Jet drives
If steering in a PWC is turned right, the jet of water is pushing water to the _ causing the PWC to turn right
left
Included lines found in a sailboat
Rigging
Line that raises or lowers the sails of a sailboat
Halyards
Lines that control the angle of sails to the wind in a sailboat
Sheets
Attached to a hull of the sailboat which keeps boat from sliding sideways — aka centerboard
Keel
A __________ is located near the steering wheel, indicates mass weight allowed on boat, max number of people, and horsepower rating
Capacity Plate
A ____________ is used as a safety precaution used in case you do not return home from sea. Includes who is on board, a detailed route of where you are going, registration number, length of vessel, make, horsepower, engine type, and license plate
Float Plan
What the boat sits on while on a trailer
Bunks
Part of the trailer that attaches to ball hitch to the towing vehicle. 2 strong safety chains are crisscrossed to support it.
Coupler
A vehicle that takes early action to prevent collisions
Give-way vessel
Vehicle that maintains course and speed unless the give-way vehicle does not make changes
Stand-on vessel
If 2 vehicles are meeting head on, they should both turn to the __
Right
_ always has the right away unless the sailboat cannot get out of the way
Power vessel
_______ ALWAYS have the right-of-way
Sailboats
When a collision cannot be avoided, make sure all passengers are not under or on top of the boat, and they are in the __ part of the boat.
Main
Navigation lights are _ and _
Red and green
The red light is on the _ side of the boat
Left
The green light is on the __ side of the boat
Right
The stern light on all boats is __
White
The masthead, white light is located on the top of all boats _ feet in length or more, and the all-round white light is on boats less than _ feet in length
(SAME NUMBER)
40
Big __ lights show there is a barge or a large load
Yellow
_ short blast means I am passing you on the left side
1
_ short blasts mean I am passing you on the right side
2
_ short blasts mean I am backing up
3
When you give a signal with the horn, the other boat will _ it if they agree
Repeat
1 long blast or 5 or more rapid blast signify…
Danger
On the VHF radio, Channel 16 is the _ channel
Distress
Say __ 3x and then give a description of as much as you can
Mayday
Channel __ is for contact between the coast guard and the public
22
Falling barometer means _ weather is approaching
bad
Another word for downwind is
Leeward
Another word for upwind is
Windward
Green lights and odd numbers are placed on the _ __
Left side
Numbers on markers __ as you head upstream
Increase
Red lights and even numbers are placed on the _
Right side
Red and green colors and lights are placed where a channel __
splits
If green is placed on the top the preferred channel is on the _ If red it placed on the top the preferred channel is on the _
_ / __
Right / Left
Red triangles and green squares are
Daymarks
RRR stands for
Red Right Return
If there is a large number on a marker, that means how many miles you are away from the _ _
Mouth of the river
Square markers give _
Information
Diamond markers warn of __
Hazards
Circle markers mark _ areas
Controlled
Crossed diamond markers represent __ areas
Closed
Safe water markers are white with red _ stripes
Vertical
How many sides can a safe water marker be passed on?
All
A mooring is white with a _ ___ band, and boats are allowed to anchor here
blue horizontal
You can not pass between Inland waters obstruction markers. These are white with _ __ stripes
Black vertical
The most common type of anchor is the -___
plow-style
Plow, fluke, and mushroom are all types of __
Anchors
The smallest type of anchor is the
Mushroom
The anchor should be 7-10 times as long at the _ of the water you are anchoring in
Depth
Never anchor in any channel or from the __ of the boat
Back
Anchor while moving _ the wind
Against
High tide and low tide are exactly __ hours apart
12
Steering compasses show Magnetic __
North
Your hull-identification is 12 digits long, and must be displayed on your boat at at least _ _ in length
3 inches
All titled vessels must be __
Registered
_ _ contain water depths and the locations of channels , sand bars, rocks, and vegetation
Nautical charts
Do not approach within _ _ and slow to minimum speed within 500 yards of any US naval vessel
100 yards
Every boat have at least 1 _ __ per person on board at all times
life jacket
_ _ or younger must wear life jackets at all times
12 years old
On _ all passengers must be wearing a life jacket
PWC
There are _ different types of Life Jackets
5
Type I life jackets are for _
Offshore
Type II are -_ vests
Near-shore
Type III are _ _
flotation aids
Type IV are _ devices
Throwable
Type 5 are _ use devices
Special
What are the 3 different types of fires?
A/B/C
Boats 40-65 feet need _ fire extinguishers
Boats 26-40 need _
Boats less then 26 need _
3/2/1
Type C fires are __
electrical
Type B fires are __
Flammable liquids
Type A fires are combustible _
solids
Gas powered boats must have at least 2 ventilation_______
ducts
VDS stands for …..
Visual Distress Signals
An example of a pyrotechnic VDS is
smoke and flames
An example of a non-pyrotechnic is
Non-combustible
Orange flag, orange or red flares, electric lights etc. are all common examples of a
VDS
Diver down flags are red with a _ stripe or Half white and half
White/Blue
When towing, line has to be more then 35 feet, but less then
75
Must have an _ flag at least 12 inches above the top of the highest point in the vessel
orange
Must stay at least _ feet away from other vehicles, and _ feet away from shore while towing
100/200
No towing or PWC riding between _ and
Sunset/sunrise
The penalty for illegal discharge may be a fine of up to $__,__
10,000
Ocean going vehicles that are 40 feet or more in length with cooking and sleeping facilities must have a written __ Management Plan.
Waste
If boat capsizes, find something to hold onto the floats and DO NOT __ water
tread
If the boat catches on fire, position the boat so the fire is _
downwind
A good way to remember what to do is _ _ _ _
PASS
How many stages are there in Cold Water Immersion?
4
After __ hour in freezing water your body begins to shut down
1/2
The more flags and lights displayed at some place of importance for boating (example yacht club… the __ the weather conditions will be.
worse
The port side of a vessel is the _ side.
Left
The stern of a vessel is the _ of the vessel.
Rear
Basic types of vessel hulls can be described as _.
a) moving and non-moving
b) displacement and planing
c) rough and smooth
d) narrow and wide
b) displacement and planing
Name three basic hull shapes.
I) Round Bottom
II) Flat Bottom
III) Vee Bottom
What are the four length classes of vessels?
I) Less than 16 feet
II) 16 to less than 26 feet
III) 26 to less than 40 feet
IV) 40 to less than 65 feet
List the four basic types of engines.
I) Outboard
II) Inboard
III) Stern Drive
IV) Jet Drive
Stern drive and inboard engines are _.
a) marinized outboard engines
b) specially designed and built engines
c) automotive engines adapted for marine use
d) jet drive engines
c) automotive engines adapted for marine use
The U.S. Coast Guard considers personal watercraft to be _.
Inboard Vessels
Personal watercraft are not subject to the laws and requirements of other vessels.
True / False
False
An _ is a device used to pump and force water under pressure through a steering nozzle at the rear of the vessel.
Impeller
What information is displayed on the capacity plate of an outboard powerboat?
I) Capacity in pounds or number of people
II) Recommended maximum horsepower
List three things that should be included on your float plan before you embark on an extended outing.
I) Vessel’s description; give number, size, make, etc.
II) Number, names, and addresses of passengers
III) Trip plan
Name three things that you should do while filling the fuel tank of your vessel.
I) Keep the nozzle in contact with the tank opening
II) Fill tank slowly and avoid spilling
III) Never fill to the brim
A rule of thumb to prevent running out of fuel on a PWC is _ out, in, and __ in reserve.
1/3 out, 1/3 in, and 1/3 in reserve
If the combined weight of the vessel and its engine is more than _ of the recommended load capacity of the trailer, you should get the next larger trailer.
90%
“Tongue weight” is the amount of the loaded trailer’s weight that _.
Presses down on the towing hitch
Two strong safety chains should be _ to support the trailer’s coupler in case it becomes disconnected from the towing vehicle.
Crisscrossed
Where should you prepare your vessel before launching it from the trailer?
Well away from the boat ramp
Name three engine maintenance tips.
I) Keep well tuned
II) Check oil levels
III) Change oil
IV) Check batteries
V) Grease and lubricate
VI) Check for anything loose
If the wind or current direction is toward the dock, you should cast off the _ first when leaving the dock.
Stern Line
The _ is required to take early and substantial action to avoid a collision by stopping, slowing down, or changing course.
Give-way Vessel
The stand-on vessel must _ unless _.
Maintain its course of speed unless it becomes apparent the give-way vessel is not taking appropriate action.
If you are driving a powerboat or PWC and meet another powerboat or PWC head-on, you should keep to the _.
Right
If you are overtaking another vessel, you are the stand-on vessel.
True / False
False
If you see a red and a white light ahead when boating at night, you should maintain course and speed.
True / False
False
If you see only a green light while boating at night, you may be approaching a _ and you must _.
Sailing vessel and you must give way
_ are the “traffic signals” that guide boaters safely along their course.
Buoys and markers
The phrase “R___ R___ R___” reminds vessels of the correct course in the lateral system of U.S. Aids to Navigation.
Red Right Returning
A green can buoy marks the edge of the channel on a boater’s _ side when entering from the open sea or heading upstream.
Left
The regulatory marker indicates _.
Danger
The regulatory marker indicates areas that are _ to vessels.
Off-limits
A good rule of thumb is that the anchor line should be at least _ times the depth of the water.
7-10
You should never anchor from the _ of the vessel as that can make the vessel unstable.
Stern
To maintain steering control of a PWC, you must never allow the engine to _ or _.
Return to idle or shut off
The most common complaints boaters have against PWC operators are _ and _.
Wake jumping and riding too close
As a courtesy to other boaters and people on shore, PWC operators should _ the operating area.
Vary
Name a safety device that shuts the engine off if the operator is thrown from the proper operating position.
Emergency Ignition Safety Switch
To avoid propeller strike accidents, make sure _ when passengers are boarding or disembarking a boat.
The engine is shut off
The _ is a number assigned and imprinted by the vessel manufacturer and is unique to your vessel.
Hull Identification Number
Allowing passengers to ride on the _ or ___while underway is reckless operation.
Bow or gunwale
If your blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is above the legal limit, it is illegal to _ a vessel.
Operate
In order for a PFD to be legal, it must be -approved, in condition, and _ accessible.
U.S. Coast Guard approved, in good and serviceable condition, and readily accessible
Name the five types of PFDs.
I) Offshore life Jacket
II) Near-shore Vest
III) Flotation aid
IV) Throwable device
V) Special-use device
These Type _ PFDs are _ devices, and most states require at least one of these to be on board vessels 16 feet in length or longer.
Type IV PFDs are throwable devices
PWC operations, no matter what age, must wear an approved _ whenever underway.
Personal Flotation Device (PFD)
Fire extinguishers should be placed in an area that is _ and not near the _.
Accessible and not near the engine
It is recommended that you wait at least _ minutes after turning on your vessel’s blower (if so equipped) and before starting your engine.
Four
For an 18-foot-powerboat, required navigation lights include a red light on the , a green light on the , and _.
Red light on the port (left), a green light on the starboard (right), and a white light
A 16-foot canoe away from dock after dark must have on hand at least a _ or _.
Flashlight or lantern
Name two visual distress signals (VDSs) for use at night.
I) Red flares
II) Red meteors
III) Electric Light
Describe the appearance of a divers flag.
Red flag with white diagonal stripe
If an observer is on board when pulling a skier behind a vessel, the vessel should be rated to carry at least _ people.
Three
Water-skier(s) may be towed at night with proper lighting.
True / False
False
It is illegal to discharge , , or _ into federally controlled or state waters.
Waste, oil, or trash
You must report on any accident you are in if it results in , , or _.
Death, serious injury, or significant property damage
In a typical boating fatality, life jackets are _ but are not _.
On the boat but are not being worn
Name three boating stressors that make you tire more rapidly when on the water.
I) Glare and heat of the sun
II) Motion
III) Noise and Vibration of the Engine
To prevent dehydration while on the water, you should drink some water at least _.
Every 15-20 minutes
One-_ of the amount of alcohol that makes a person legally intoxicated on land can be enough to make someone equally intoxicated when on the water.
Third
_ is a major contributor to boating accidents and fatalities.
Alcohol
An easy way to remember priorities for rescuing someone who has fallen into the water is , , and _!
Reach, Throw, Row and Go!
If you capsize, immediately swim to shore to ensure your safety.
True / False
False
What are four things you should do if a fire erupts on your boat while underway?
I) Stop the vessel and put on a PFD
II) Keep fire downwind
III) Shut off fuel supply
IV) Aim extinguisher at base of flames
The condition called _ occurs when the body loses heat faster than it can produce it.
Hyptohermia
The primary danger that occurs immediately upon being immersed in cold water is _.
Involuntary gasping, resulting in water inhalation and drowning
The position you should assume if trapped in cold water, “HELP,” stands for:
“H” – Hear
“E” – Escape
“L” – Lessening
“P” – Posture
Name four symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning.
I) Irritated eyes
II) Headache
III) Nausea
IV) Weakness
V) Dizziness
Bleeding usually can be controlled by applying _ to the wound.
Direct pressure
As the operator of a vessel, you are responsible for ensuring that your passengers understand _ and _.
Basic safety practices and laws
Before allowing anyone to operate your PWC, you should remind them that power is _.
Required for steering control
To protect the environment, you should practice the three “Rs” – R___, R___, and R___.
Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle
If you capsize in a canoe, kayak, or raft, you should stay on the _ side of the craft.
Upstream
What are three river hazards that paddlers should avoid?
I) Low-head dams
II) Rapids
III) Strainers
When picking up a skier, always keep them in view and on the _ side of the boat.
Operator’s
In addition to a displayed diver-down flag, what indicates that a diver may be below the water’s surface?
Bubbles
When passing under power lines and bridges, sailboat operators need to be aware of the _.
Masthead clearance
Hunters who use vessels to get their hunting spot should always wear their _.
Life jackets (PFDs)
How should a vessels registration number and validation decal be displayed?
On both sides of the bow of the boat
What is most important when selecting the right PFD for a passenger?
A passengers body weight and chest size
What important safety information is found on a boats capacity plate?
The maximum body weight and number of people a boat can hold safely
What is the best way to find out about hazards on a locate waterway?
Consult a nautical chart
According to Alabama law, what age can operators be to have completed an approved boating course in order to operate watercraft?
12 years or older
Which type of PFD will turn most unconscious persons face up in water?
Type I
Everyone on board a vessel should understand basic safety practices. Who is responsible for ensuring this?
The vessel operator
Where is the best place to store a fire extinguisher on a boat?
Mounted in an accessible place
When should a life jacket be discarded and replaced?
When it is slightly torn
What effect does alcohol have when you are operating a vessel?
It is much greater while boating
When boating on federally controlled waters in an 18-foot boat, what equipment are you legally required to have on board?
US Coast Guard approved visual distress signal
What sound-producing devices is required when boating on Alabama waters in an 18-foot powerboat?
A whistle, a horn, or another sound-producing advice
What provides a warning that dangerous weather is approaching?
Dark clouds and shifting winds
What is one part of a regular vessel and engine maintenance program?
Check the oil level before every outing
How should you approach the dock when docking your vessel?
Into the wind or current, whichever is stronger
What should you do before fueling your boat?
Turn off the engine and close all openings
Where should your trailer be located while you prepare to launch your vessel?
Well away from the boat ramp
How can propeller strike accidents be avoided?
Turn off the engine while people are boarding
What is an example of careless operation?
Not having enough PFD’s on the boat
What is the best way to minimize the risk of drowning while boating?
Have everyone where the appropriate PFD at all times
How can you prevent transporting nuisance species (plants or animals) with your vessel from one waterway to another?
Remove any zebra mussels before leaving a body of water
What should the vessel operator tell everyone on board before departing?
Where to find the PFD’s and the visual distress signal
What is the main function of an ignition safety switch?
To turn off the engine if the operator is thrown overboard
In Alabama, how far must a vessel stay from a driver-drown flag?
100 FT.
How does the effect of alcohol consumed while boating compare to the effect on land?
It is much greater, while boating
Which is true about operating a boat in Alabama while intoxicated?
By operating a vessel on Alabama waters, a boater must submit to testing for blood alcohol concentration
When two vessels are operating in the same general area, who is responsible for avoiding the collision?
Both operators
How do you know when you are operating your vessel at a safe speed?
When you have enough time to avoid a collision
What is the main purpose of the lateral system of red and green buoys and marking?
To mark the edges of safe water areas
According to Alabama boating law, what is considered legal?
Operating at less than 5MPH in a “slow, no wake” zone
When is a sailboat under sail the give-way vessel when encountering a power-driven vessel?
When the sailboat is overtaking the power-driven vessel
What should a vessel operator do to make sure everyone knows what to do in case of an emergency?
Conduct an emergency drill
According to Alabama law, what equipment is required when a vessel (other than a PWC) is towing a skier and does not have a capable observer on board in addition to the operator?
A wide-angle rearview mirror
What is indicated by a white marker with an orange crossed diamond and black lettering?
Exclusion, or ‘Keep Out’ area
Why is carbon monoxide gas dangerous?
It is colorless, odorless, tasteless, but can be fatal
A recreational vessel approaching a U.S. naval vessel. At what distance from the U.S. naval vessel must the recreational vessel slow to minimum speed?
500 yards
What must an owner do before allowing others to operate his or her vessel?
Make sure they know how to operate the boat safely
What should you do to reduce the risk of falling overboard?
Keep to the center of the boat
What should a motorboat operator do when someone is being pulled into the boat from the water?
Turn off the engine
What is the first action required of a boat operator who witnesses a boating accident?
To provide assistance
Which condition requires that you report a boating accident to the Alabama marine police division?
Damage to your boat in more than $2000 as the result of a boating accident
Under which condition is a person at the greatest risk of developing hypothermia?
When immersed in cold water
What should you do immediately if a boat motor catches on fire?
Turn off fuel supplies and try to put it out with an extinguisher
If your inward/outward boat runs aground, what action should you take in addition to shifting the weight away from the point of impact?
Turn off the engine and lift the outdrive
Which action may cause the loss of steering ability in a PWC?
Letting off the throttle control
According to Alabama law, what age person who has boater safety certification may operate a personal watercraft without supervision?
14 or above
According to Alabama law during which hours is it legal to tow a person behind a boat on water skis or other devices?
Between sunrise and sunset
What should a vessel operator do to keep a proper lookout?
Watch for navigational hazards
Which of the following is legal operation of a PWC in Alabama?
Crossing at right angles to another vessel when visibility is unobstructed
In Alabama, what are the recommended hours for personal watercraft operation?
Sunrise to sunset {daylight hours}
Why should a vessel operator keep a proper lookout?
To avoid collisions
What should paddlers do to protect against capsizing their canoe or kayak?
Keep a lowcenter of gravity and three point contact
What should anglers and hunters do when they are fishing or hunting from a boat?
Wear a life jacket at all times
According to Alabama law, children of what age are required to wear a properly secured PDF while on a vessel unless the child is in an enclosed cabin?
8 and younger
What determines if a speed is safe for your boat?
Visibility conditions
What should the operators of a PWC and a motorboat do when approaching head-on?
Turn to the starboard side of the boat {right}
When must navigation lights be displayed?
Between sunset and sunrise and when visibility is restricted
What could happen if you anchor a boat from the stern?
You could swamp the boat
Visibility is restricted due to fog. What should the vessel operator do to avoid the risk of a collision?
Minimize to the speed needed to stay on course
What should you do if you fall overboard into cold water?
Try to re-board the boat, even if it is swamped
bow
Front of a vessel
Cleat
Metal fitting on which a rope can be fastened
gunwale
Upper edge of vessel’s side (generally pronounced “gunnel”)
Hull
Body of a vessel
port
Left side of a vessel
propeller
Rotates and powers a boat forward or backward
starboard
right side of a vessel
stern
Rear of a vessel
beam
Maximum width of a vessel
draft
Depth of water needed to float a vessel
Freeboard
Distance from water to lowest point of the boat where water could come on board
keel
Main centerline (backbone) of a vessel or the extension of hull that increases stability in the water
Displacement Hull
move through the water by pushing the water aside and are designed to cut through the water with very little propulsion
If you lower a boat into the water, some of the water moves out of the way to adjust for the boat. If you could weigh that displaced water, you would find it equals the weight of the boat. That weight is
the boat’s displacement.
Boats with _ hulls are limited to slower speeds.
displacement
A round-bottomed hull shape acts as a _______. Most large cruisers and most sailboats have _, allowing them to travel more smoothly through the water.
displacement hulls
Two types of Hulls
displacement and planing
personal watercraft
A small vessel that uses an inboard jet drive as its primary source of propulsion, and is designed to be operated by a person or persons sitting, standing, or kneeling on the vessel rather than inside the vessel
planing hulls are
designed to rise up and glide on top of the water when enough power is supplied. These boats may operate like displacement hulls when at rest or at slow speeds but climb toward the surface of the water as they move faster.
Boats with ______________can skim along at high speed, riding almost on top of the water rather than pushing it aside.
planing hulls
__ and vee-bottomed hull shapes act as planing hulls.
Flat-bottomed
Most small power-driven vessels, including _ have planing hulls, allowing them to travel more rapidly across the water.
personal watercraft (PWC), and some small sailboats
Displacement Mode:
A planing hull, when operated at very slow speeds, will cut through the water like a displacement hull.
Plowing Mode:
As speed increases, a planing hull will have a raised bow, reducing the operator’s vision and throwing a very large wake. Avoid maintaining a speed that puts your boat in this mode
Planing Mode:
enough power is applied so that the hull glides on top of the water. Different boats reach planing mode at different speeds.
flat bottomed hull
Has a shallow draft, which is good for fishing in small lakes and rivers but Rides roughly in choppy waters.
Deep-Vee Hull
Gives a smoother ride than a flat-bottomed hull in rough water but Takes more power to move at the same speed as flat-bottomed hulls. May roll or bank in sharp turns.
Round-Bottomed Hull
Moves easily through the water even at slow speeds but has a tendency to roll unless it has a deep keel or stabilizers.
Multi-Hull
Has greater stability because of its wide beam but needs a large area when turning.
Length overall is measured from the
tip of the bow in a straight line to the stern of the vessel.
_ are not included in the length measurement.
Bowsprits; rudders; outboard motors and motor brackets; handles; and other fittings, attachments, and extensions
length overall
Length of the hull excluding any attachments
rudder
Steering device, usually a vertical blade attached to a post at, or near, the stern of the boat
the U.S. Coast Guard no longer uses these designations to indicate length.
refer to boat lengths as “classes.”
Class A
Less than 16 feet
Class 1
16 feet to less than 26 feet
Class 2
26 feet to less than 40 feet
Class 3
40 feet to less than 65 feet
Outboard
portable, self-contained package of an engine, gear case, and propeller that is attached to the transom of a boat.
A growing number of outboard engines are _____________but many are still conventional two-stroke engines that burn oil as a lubricant along with the fuel.
four-stroke design,
New-technology two-stroke outboards are direct-injection engines and burn over 75% cleaner than
conventional two-stroke outboards.
Outboards have more power per pound of weight than do
inboard engines.
Steering of outboard boats is controlled by a _ that swivels the entire engine to direct propeller thrust.
tiller or steering wheel
tiller
Lever used to turn a rudder to steer a boat
transom
Vertical surface at the back of the hull
An inboard is a
four-stroke automotive engine adapted for marine use and are mounted inside the hull’s midsection or in front of the transom.
Inboard
The engine turns a drive shaft that runs through the bottom of the hull and is attached to a propeller at the other end.
New-technology two-stroke PWC engines are direct-injection engines and burn cleaner than
conventional PWC engines.
Steering of most inboard vessels, except PWC and jet-drive boats, is controlled by a
rudder behind the propeller.
Stern drives are known also as __ because they combine features found on both
inboard/outboards (I/Os)
Stern-drive engines:
Are four-stroke automotive engines adapted for marine use, Are mounted inside the boat and, Are quieter and more fuel-efficient engines.
stern-drive engine is attached through the transom to a __ that is essentially the lower unit of an outboard. The engine turns a drive shaft that is attached to a propeller at the other end.
drive unit (also called an “outdrive”)
Steering of stern-drive boats is controlled by the __ which swivels like an outboard engine to direct propeller thrust.
outdrive
intake
Opening in the hull that draws water toward the impeller
impeller
Device used to pump and force water under pressure through a steering nozzle at the rear of the vessel
intake grate
Screening cover over the intake, which prevents large debris from entering
_ use an engine to power a strong water pump. The pump sucks up water and then forces a jet of water out the back of the vessel to thrust the vessel forward. Directing this jet of water steers the vessel.
Jet drives
______are the most common type of vessels that use a jet drive.
PWC
Jet drives also may power
__ and are used commonly for vessels designed for shallow water conditions. Jet boats can have inboard or outboard jet drives.
larger vessels (jet boats)
Jet-propelled watercraft come in many sizes, but the most common for recreational boaters is the
PWC
The U.S. Coast Guard includes PWC in the group of inboard vessels less than
16 feet in length.
A PWC is subject to all of the same laws and requirements of _ plus a few laws specific to a PWC.
any other vessel
Safety Lanyard
short cord for attaching the ignition safety switch to the operators wrist or personal flotation device
steering control
means of controlling the steering nozzle
drive shaft
The long stem connection between the motor and the impeller
steering nozzle
Device used for directing the stream of water to the left or right at the stern of the PWC, which steers the PWC
halyards
Lines (ropes) used to raise and lower the sails
sheets
Lines (ropes) used to control the angle of the sails to the wind
The hull carries the
passengers and supports the rigging.
The rigging includes many parts of the sailboat, such as
the lines (sheets and halyards), mainsail, headsail (jib), boom, and mast
The _ is attached to the bottom of the hull and keeps the boat from sliding sideways through the water.
keel or centerboard
The _ is used to steer the sailboat, turned by a tiller or steering wheel.
rudder
Federal law requires single-hull boats less than __– to have a capacity plate.
20 feet in length
On outboard boats, the capacity plate also will display the recommended _ rating of the boat. Your boat’s motor should never exceed this rating.
maximum horsepower
capsize
to turn on the side or turn completely over
swamp
to fill with water
National Marine Manufacturers Association (NMMA) requires a capacity plate on all boats less than_________ in order to be certified by NMMA.
26 feet
Number of people =
(boat length (ft.) × boat width (ft.)) ÷ 15
Float Plan for Short Outings
Contact a responsible person before you go out and tell him or her where you will be boating and when you plan to return, Give your contact the phone number for local authorities in case you fail to return when expected, Contact this person again when you return or if you decide to extend your time out on the water.
Float Plan for Extended Outings
describes vessel, including its registration number, length, make, horsepower, and engine type, Includes the description and license plate of the tow vehicle and trailer, Gives the number of passengers, their names and addresses, and a contact in case of emergency, States where you are going, the detailed route, your planned departure time, and your expected return time. Include the location of all stopping points, dates, and times, Gives the phone number for local authorities in case you fail to return when expected. If boating on waters under U.S. Coast Guard jurisdiction, give the phone number of the U.S. Coast Guard.
Before Fueling Your Boat
Tie the boat securely to the fuel dock,
Ask all passengers to leave the boat and go onto the dock,
Do not allow anyone in your group or others at the fuel dock to smoke or strike a match,
Check to see that fuel lines, connections, and fuel vents are in good condition,
Turn off anything that might cause a spark—engines, fans, or electrical equipment,
Shut off all fuel valves and extinguish all open flames, such as galley stoves and pilot lights,
Close all windows, ports, doors, and other openings to prevent fumes from entering the boat,
Remove portable fuel tanks from the boat and fill them on the dock,
Make sure that your fire extinguisher is within reach.
While filling fuel tank
Keep the nozzle of the fuel-pump hose in solid contact with the tank opening to prevent producing a static spark,
Use caution and fill the tank slowly to avoid spilling fuel into the boat’s bilge or into the water, Use an oil-absorbent pad to catch drips or spills,
Never fill a tank to the brim—leave room for fuel to expand,
Wipe up any spilled fuel, and properly dispose of the used paper towels or rags on shore.
bilge
Interior of the hull below the floorboards; lowest part of a vessel’s interior where the sides of the vessel curve in to form the bottom
After Fueling Your Boat
Put the fill cap on tightly to prevent vapors from escaping,
Open all windows, ports, doors, and other openings,
If your boat is equipped with a power ventilation system (exhaust blower), turn it on for at least four minutes before starting your engine. This will help eliminate fuel vapors in the bilge,
Before starting the engine, sniff the bilge and engine compartment for fuel vapors. Continue ventilating until you cannot smell any fuel vapors. Consider installing a gas vapor detection and alarm device,
Start the engine and then reload your passengers.
Evaporating gasoline creates vapors or fumes that are heavier than air. These fumes settle to the bottom of the boat where they could explode if enclosed areas, such as the _ are not ventilated properly to remove fumes.
bilge
Fueling a PWC
-Check the entire fuel system for leaks and inspect fuel system connections frequently. Engine vibrations and the pounding from operating on rough water can loosen connections.
-Avoid fuel spills when fueling in or near the water.
-Do not tip the PWC in order to fill it all the way up. The tank is designed to leave space for the fuel to expand. If the tank is overfilled, the fuel may expand and spill into the water.
-After fueling, open the door of the engine compartment and sniff to check for any evidence of gas fumes. Do this before starting the engine. If you do smell gas fumes, determine the source and make repairs immediately.
The following rule will help prevent running out of fuel:
One-third to get out
One-third to get back
One-third in reserve for emergencies
It is very important to have proper lighting on trailers, including __ Also, make sure you have a jack that fits properly under the trailer—most car jacks are too large to fit under a trailer.
turn signals and tail and brake lights.
The trailer and towing vehicle should be designed to fit your boat:
Look at the load capacity of the trailer stated by the trailer’s manufacturer. If the combined weight of your vessel and its engine is more than 90% of the recommended load capacity, buy the next larger trailer. This is because your gear (fuel, personal flotation devices or PFDs, anchors, lines, etc.) will increase the overall weight by at least 10%.
Check the _ to ensure that your vehicle is rated to tow the combined weight of your vessel, engine, and trailer.
owner’s manual of your towing vehicle
the _ must be appropriate for the loaded trailer.
towing hitch
The __ on a trailer connects to a ball hitch on the towing vehicle.
coupler
A frame-mounted hitch on the towing vehicle is better than a _. If you are using a _, do not exceed the weight rating of the bumper.
bumper-mounted hitch.
Make sure the size stamped on the ball hitch on the towing vehicle is the same size that is stamped on the __. If the ball hitch is too small, a bump in the road could cause the coupler to lift off the hitch.
trailer’s coupler
Make sure the size stamped on the ball hitch on the towing vehicle is the same size that is stamped on _________If the ball hitch is too small, a bump in the road could cause the coupler to lift off the hitch.
the trailer’s coupler.
_ is the amount of the loaded trailer’s weight that presses down on the towing hitch
“Tongue weight”
The tongue weight should be about _.
10% of the combined weight of the vessel and trailer (“gross trailer weight” or GTW).
If the tongue weight is too light,
the trailer will tend to swing from side-to-side (or “fishtail”).
If the tongue weight is too heavy,
the rear wheels of the towing vehicle will be weighted down, making it difficult to steer.
coupler
The part of the trailer that attaches to the ball hitch on a towing vehicle
Two strong safety chains should be crisscrossed to support the __. The chains should be strong enough to hold the combined weight of the vessel, engine, and trailer.
trailer’s coupler if it becomes disconnected from the towing vehicle.
Before Leaving Home With Your Boat and Trailer
Secure the vessel on the trailer and the gear within the vessel.
Secure all gear in the vessel firmly to keep it from shifting. Arrange the gear so that its weight is
balanced side-to-side and front-to-back.
Secure the vessel to the trailer with several tie-down straps and/or safety lines to prevent the vessel from shifting. Use extra tie-down straps in case one fails. Never trust the _ alone to hold your vessel onto the trailer.
bow winch
Put the engine or drive unit in the __ position and secure it.
Attach the safety chains between the trailer and the towing vehicle, crisscrossing them under the trailer tongue.
raised
Inspect and maintain trailering equipment.
Check the pressure of all tires on the towing vehicle and the trailer. Make sure you have a spare tire in good condition for both the vehicle and the trailer.
Tighten the lug nuts/bolts on the wheels of both the towing vehicle and the trailer, and grease wheel bearings.
Make sure that all lights and brakes on the towing vehicle and the trailer work properly.
Examine tie-down straps, lines, winch, safety chains, and hitch for signs of wear. Replace or adjust as necessary.
On the Road With a Trailer
Drive cautiously.
Drive at moderate speeds and avoid sudden maneuvers.
On long trips, pull over every hour or so to check the towing vehicle, trailer, tires, trailer coupling, and gear in the vessel.
Allow for the added length and weight of the trailer.
Make wider turns at corners and curves.
Allow extra time and distance for stopping and for passing other vehicles. Steer wider on corners to clear curbs.
Launching Your Boat From a Trailer
Prepare to launch well away from the boat ramp so that you don’t block ramp traffic.
Transfer all equipment and supplies to the vessel.
Disconnect trailer lights from the towing vehicle.
Remove all tie-down straps before backing down the ramp but leave the trailer winch line securely attached to the vessel.
Make sure the vessel’s drain plug is in place.
Tie a rope to the vessel’s bow to use to control the vessel if necessary during launching.
Backing the Trailer Into the Water During Launch
Back the trailered vessel into the water far enough so that the lower unit of the engine can be lowered and submerged while the vessel is still on the trailer.
Practice towing and backing up in a parking lot
•As an added precaution, always set the parking brake on the towing vehicle.
•Lower the engine or outdrive, and start the engine. If your vessel is still on the trailer and you have engine trouble, you can retrieve the vessel easily.
•Once the engine is warmed up, back the trailer further into the water until the vessel floats. Undo the winch line, put the vessel’s engine in reverse, and back slowly off the trailer.
Novice boaters should practice towing, especially backing up, in an _ before their initial launch and retrieval. This will give you a feel for the trailer and how it maneuvers in relation to the towing vehicle.
open field or empty parking lot
Retrieving Your Boat Onto a Trailer
Back the trailer into the water so that approximately two-thirds of the rollers or bunks are submerged in the water. Set the parking brake of the towing vehicle, and put it in park (or first gear if you have a manual transmission).
•Move the vessel onto the trailer far enough to attach the winch line to the bow eye of the vessel. Finish pulling the vessel onto the trailer by cranking the winch. Stay out of the way of the direct line of the winch cable in case it snaps or you lose control of the winch. Do not load a vessel using engine power because this can cause damage.
•Shut off the engine, and raise the engine or outdrive.
•Pull the vessel out of the water.
Prepare for the drive home well away from the boat ramp so that you don’t block ramp traffic.
•While on land at the ramp area, remove and dispose of all weeds from the vessel and trailer, remove the drain plug to release bilge water, and drain any live wells. This will help prevent the spread of aquatic nuisance plants and animals.
•Secure the vessel on the trailer and the gear within the vessel.
If launching or retrieving a sailboat with a raised mast, watch out for
overhead wires.
bunks
Wooden supports on which the vessel rests while on the trailer
Do Not Power Load Your Boat
Propeller wash can erode the sediment just beyond the ramp surface, creating a large hole. The eroded sediment is deposited behind the propeller, creating a mound. Trailer tires can get stuck in these holes, and boats can run aground on the mound.
Courtesy on the Boat Ramp
•Prepare your vessel for launching or for the drive home well away from the ramp.
•Use at least two experienced people to launch and retrieve the vessel—one to drive the towing vehicle and one to operate the vessel.
•Never block a ramp with an unattended vessel or vehicle. Move the vessel away from the launch lane immediately after removing it from the trailer. Return briefly to pick up the vehicle driver once he or she has parked the vehicle and is back at the ramp.
•When retrieving, do not pull your vessel into a launch lane until the towing vehicle is at the ramp. The line is formed by vehicles with trailers, not by vessels in the water. Drop off the vehicle driver, and wait offshore and clear of the ramp until he or she arrives with the trailer.