Nr 228 final exam quizlet
Nr 228 final exam answers
Nr 228 final exam answer key
nr 228 final exam chamberlain quizlet
chamberlain nr 228 final exam
nr 228 exam 3 chamberlain
nr 228 proficiency test
nr 228 proficiency test quizlet
What are some causes of fluid retention? (select all that apply)
A. Excess sodium/sodium retention
B. Kwashiorkor
C. Water intoxication
What can cause a sodium deficiency? (select all that apply)
A. Dehydration
B. Hypernatremia
C. Diarrhea
D. Liver Disease
A. Dehydration
C. Diarrhea
What are some ways to treat GERD?
A. Lay down after meals
B. Avoid big meals
C. Avoid tight clothing
D. Avoid high fat foods
E. Eat chocolate to ease stomach
B, C, D
Which of the following are monosaccharides?
A. Glucose
B. Sucruose
C. Fructose
D. Galactose
E. Maltose
A, C, D
Which of the following are disaccharides?
A. Glucose
B. Sucrose
C. Maltose
D. Galactose
E. Lactose
B, C, E
Glucose is the main source of energy for _?
the brain and nerves
What is the sweetest artificial sweetener?
Sunette
Which of the following are sources of complex carbohydrates? (select all that apply)
A. Grapes
B. Grains
C. Legumes
D. Apples
E. Potatoes
B,C,E
What complications are related to gestational diabetes? (select all that apply)
A. premature birth
B. congenital abnormalities
C. fetal death
D. type 2 diabetes later in mother
E. macrosomia
A. premature birth
B. congenital abnormalities
C. fetal death
D. type 2 diabetes later in mother
E. macrosomia
What could cause infant hypoglycemia?
When the mother had consistently high blood sugar during pregnancy so the baby gets used to having high blood sugar and gets used to producing high levels of insulin
What are the fat soluble vitamins?
A, D, E, K
What are some food sources for monounsaturated fatty acids?
olive oil, peanuts, avocado, canola oil
What are some food sources for polyunsaturated fatty acids?
vegetable oils, fish, margarine,
What type of cholesterol increases risk of CAD when elevated?
LDL
Where are nonessential amino acids found?
created in the body
When is a positive nitrogen balance common?
growing children, pregnant women, people recovering from illness or injury
When is a negative nitrogen balance common?
aging adults, physical illness, extreme stress, starvation, surgery, eating disorders
What effect does the acid- base balance have on proteins?
if acid- base balance gets off then proteins become denatured and are not able to perform their usual functions
Whats the function of hemoglobin?
transports oxygen in the blood
What is a complete protein?
contains all nine essential amino acids
What are some food sources for complete proteins? (select all that apply).
A. Meats
B. Dark green veggies
C. Eggs
D. Dairy products
E. Fruits
A, C, D
What are high quality proteins?
contain best balance of essential amino acids and are easily digested
What are food sources for high quality protein?
Eggs, human milk
What is an incomplete protein?
lacks one or more EAA and will not support life
What are some incomplete proteins?
plant foods
What is a vegan?
No animal products at all
What is a lacto-vegetarian?
no animal products except dairy
Whats an ovo-lacto vegetarian?
no animal products except dairy and egs
What is marasmus?
A. Lack of protein while get adequate caloric intake
B. Deficient caloric intake, skin hangs on skin
C. Wasting Syndrome
D. Dumping syndrome
B
What is Kwashiorkor?
A. Lack of protein while get adequate caloric intake
B. Deficient caloric intake, skin hangs on skin
C. Wasting Syndrome
D. Dumping syndrome
A
Beriberi is related to what vitamin deficiency?
B1 Thiamine
What are some food sources of B1 Thiamine?
lean pork, whole grains and flours, legumes, seeds and nuts
What is Beriberi?
Bi Thiamine deficiency. Ataxia and tachycardia
What are some food sources for Folate?
leafy green veggies, legumes, fortified grain cereals
What is Scurvy?
Vitamin C deficiency, gingivitis, joint and limb aches, bruising, death
What is the cause of Rickets?
Vitamin D deficiency
What are some food sources for Vitamin D?
animal related foods (butter, egg, liver)
What are some possible complications of Iodine Deficiency?
Cretinism in pregnancy, goiter
What is viral hepatitis?
inflammation of the liver cause by mono or another viral infection
How is hep A transmitted?
oral-fecal
How is Hep B transmitted?
sexual contact or blood
How is Hep C transmitted?
blood, saliva, semen
How is Hep D transmitted?
from Hep B virus
How is Hep E transmitted?
oral fecal
What is cirrhosis of the liver and what is its cause?
buildup of fibrous connective tissue from alcohol abuse, hepatitis, metabolic disorders, autoimmune diseases
What type of diet is recommended for patients with liver cirrhosis?
low protein
What is ascites?
accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity
What diet plan would a patient with ascites need to follow?
low sodium and possibly restricted fluids
What is cholecystitis?
pain, tenderness, fever, fat intolerance, nausea, heartburn, jaundice, steatorrhea
What is the recommended diet to manage pain for a patient with cholecytitis?
low fat diet
What is gastroparesis?
Delayed gastric emptying causing heartburn, nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting fullness and bezoar formation
Gastroparesis is most common with what other disease?
Diabetes type one
CAD is associated with a high _DL level?
L (LDL)
What are some modifiable risk factors for CAD?
hypertension, smoking, type two diabetes, obesity, diet, steroids
Nutrition therapy for patient with or at risk for CAD?
low fat
Who is most at risk for developing hypertension?
African Americans
Lifestyle changes to lower blood pressure?
reduce weight, decrease alcohol intake, decrease sodium intake, stop smoking, increase activity level
What diet is used to help with hypertension?
DASH
Diet for Congestive Heart Failure?
Reduce Sodium intake
What is the function of Vit B12?
Transport and storage of folate
What are some clinical manifestations of vitamin B12 deficiency?
pernicious anemia and CNS damage
Who is most at risk for a vitamin B12 deficiency?
Vegans and vegetarians
What vitamin deficiency causes scurvy?
Vitamin C
What is macrocytic anemia?
RBCs are larger than normal but don’t carry enough hemoglobin which is required to transport oxygen
What type of diet is recommended for Hepatitis?
liquid, then small meals, high protein
What is celiac disease?
Autoimmune disease with inability to digest gluten containing grains (wheat, barley, rye)
What is a clear liquid diet?
Only foods that are clear liquid at room temperature (should not be used more than 24 hours)
What is a full liquid diet?
For patients who have difficulty swallowing, and liquids (juices)
Enteral vs Parenteral
Enteral is through GI tract (nasogastric), Parenteral is through central line
What happens to the body during starvation?
It uses stored carb, protein and fat to meet energy demands, decline in metabolic rate to prolong survival
Whats the difference between stress and starvation related weight loss?
During stress metabolic rate increases, starvation it decreases to prolong life
Nutrition therapy for burn victims?
fluid and electrolyte replacement
What foods should a patient with dumping syndrome avoid?
refined sugars, high fat
What is hepatic encephalopathy?
type of brain damage resulting from toxic ammonia buildup
What are some symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy?
confusion, change in LOC, behavior changes, personality changes
What diet is recommended for patients with hepatic encephalopathy?
high kcal (maybe low protein and push fluids)
What diet should someone with CHF follow?
low sodium
What type of diet should a patient with COPD follow?
increase kcal, adequate not excessive protein, don’t overfeed
What is wasting syndrome?
involuntary weight loss greater than 10% in 1 month with the presence of chronic diarrhea, weakness or fever
Nutrition therapy for someone with wasting syndrome/HIV/AIDS?
increase kcal and protein without expanding food volume
What foods should be avoided with calcium based renal calculi?
chocolate, spinach, rubarb, nuts, strawberries, tea (foods that increase oxalate)
What is diverticulitis?
inflammation of the diverticuli in the colon
Nutritional Therapy for diverticulitis?
liquid diet may be recommended temporarily, low fiber!
What diet is recommended for a patient on dialysis?
low sodium, phosphorus, and potassium
Foods that should be avoided for patients with IBS?
Fruits, diary, wheat, legumes, beans
Whats the normal range for HDL?
40-59
Whats the normal range for LDL
under 100 is optimal
Whats the normal range for cholesterol?
under 200
Glucose is the main source of energy for _?
the brain and nerves
What are the fat soluble vitamins?
A, D, E, K
What are some food sources for monounsaturated fatty acids?
olive oil, peanuts, avocado, canola oil
What are some food sources for polyunsaturated fatty acids?
vegetable oils, fish, margarine,
What type of cholesterol increases risk of CAD when elevated?
LDL
Where are nonessential amino acids found?
created in the body
When is a positive nitrogen balance common?
growing children, pregnant women, people recovering from illness or injury
When is a negative nitrogen balance common?
aging adults, physical illness, extreme stress, starvation, surgery, eating disorders
What effect does the acid- base balance have on proteins?
if not balance then proteins become denatured and are not able to perform their usual functions
Whats the function of hemoglobin?
transports oxygen in the blood
What is a complete protein?
contains all nine essential amino acids
What are high quality proteins?
contain best balance of essential amino acids and are easily digested
What are food sources for high quality protein?
Eggs, human milk
What is an incomplete protein?
lacks one or more EAA and will not support life
What are some incomplete proteins?
plant foods
What is a vegan?
No animal products at all
What is a lacto-vegetarian?
no animal products except dairy
Whats an ovo-lacto vegetarian?
no animal products except dairy and egs
What is marasmus?
Deficient caloric intake, skin hangs on skin
What is Kwashiorkor?
Lack of protein while get adequate caloric intake
What are some food sources of B1 Thiamine?
lean pork, whole grains and flours, legumes, seeds and nuts
What is Beriberi?
Bi Thiamine deficiency. Ataxia and tachycardia
What are some food sources for Folate?
leafy green veggies, legumes, fortified grain cereals
What is Scurvy?
Vitamin C deficiency, gingivitis, joint and limb aches, bruising, death
What is the cause of Rickets?
Vitamin D deficiency
What are some food sources for Vitamin D?
animal related foods (butter, egg, liver)
What are some possible complications of Iodine Deficiency?
Cretinism in pregnancy, goiter
Diet for Congestive Heart Failure?
Reduce Sodium intake
What is the function of Vit B12?
Transport and storage of folate
What are some clinical manifestations of vitamin B12 deficiency?
pernicious anemia and CNS damage
Who is most at risk for a vitamin B12 deficiency?
Vegans and vegetarians
What is a clear liquid diet?
Only foods that are clear liquid at room temperature (should not be used more than 24 hours)
What is a full liquid diet?
For patients who have difficulty swallowing, and liquids (juices)
Enteral vs Parenteral
Enteral is through GI tract (nasogastric), Parenteral is through central line
What happens to the body during starvation?
It uses stored carb, protein and fat to meet energy demands, decline in metabolic rate to prolong survival
Whats the difference between stress and starvation related weight loss?
During stress metabolic rate increases, starvation it decreases to prolong life
Nutrition therapy for burn victims?
fluid and electrolyte replacement
Nutrition therapy for someone with wasting syndrome/HIV/AIDS?
increase kcal and protein without expanding food volume
What foods should be avoided with calcium based renal calculi?
chocolate, spinach, rubarb, nuts, strawberries, tea (foods that increase oxalate)
What is diverticulitis?
inflammation of the diverticuli in the colon
Nutritional Therapy for diverticulitis?
liquid diet may be recommended temporarily, low fiber!
What diet is recommended for a patient on dialysis?
low sodium, phosphorus, and potassium
Foods that should be avoided for patients with IBS?
Fruits, diary, wheat, legumes, beans
Whats the normal range for HDL?
40-59
Whats the normal range for LDL
under 100 is optimal
Whats the normal range for cholesterol?
under 200
Nutrition Final Study Guide
1-The nurse is conducting screening at a local clinic to identify clients needing instruction regarding
weight management. Which clients body mass index BMI never written normal limits I require no
further interventions (SATA)
A client who has high blood pressure and has a BMI of 32,
A client who was diagnosed anorexia nervosa and has a BMI of 16,
A client diagnosed with diabetes and has a BMI of 31,
2-the nurse is instructing a client about protein metabolism in the body and its effect on nitrogen
balance. Which of the following condition may result in a negative nitrogen balance?
Starvation
3-the nurse in a diabetic clinic is educating a client diagnosed with type I diabetes melittis who has
increased his exercise level. Which of the following dietary recommendation is most appropriate for
this client?
Consume additional carbohydrates
4-the nurse is instructing a group of clients about right amins and minerals. The nurse should include
that intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus depends on which vitamin?
Vitamin D
5-the nurse is conducting a nutrient teaching nutrition teaching session with a group of clients which
functions of water in the body should the nurse include in the teaching fashion? Select all that apply
helps regulate body temperature
shape and rigidity to cells
provide a source of trace minerals
participates in chemical reactions
6-The nurse is educating a hospitalized client who has diagnosed with acute pancreatitis which
nutritional alterations will be observed in the client?
There may be alterations in insulin and Glucagon as these hormones are secreted by the pancreas
7-The nurse is assessing a client who has diagnosed by a health care provider with chronic
malnutrition which of the following diagnosis will nurse expect to find a client with chronic
malnutrition?
A patient with cancer diagnosed two years ago
8-The nurse is preparing a plan of care for a client who was recently diagnosed with gold battered
disease and has symptoms that occur after eating that include mild abdominals pain which is the
priority nutritional consideration for this client?
Set short term goals to deal with the paint improve nutritional status
9-A client who is healing more slowly from surgery benefits from which interventions?
Supplemental zinc and vitamins A and C
10-The nurse is caring for a client that requires a low glucose diet. Which of the following substances
should the nurse instruct the client to use as a sweetener?
non nutritive sugar substitute
11-The nurse is discussing gastrointestinal disorder with a client who complaints of diarrhea flatulence
and abdominal cramping after ingesting dairy. which condition is decline most likely experiencing?
Lactose intolerance
12- A middle aged client has begun a very low carbohydrate diet to lose weight. which possible
consequences should the nurse be aware of that may occur with prolonged carbohydrate deficiency?
Ketosis
13-the nurse is conducting a nutrition class of a local high school. It is important to include which
information about the MyPlate food guidance system?
Half of my plate visual plate should be fruits and vegetables
14-which organ is responsible for managing bile production and metabolism of carbohydrates lipids
protein and vitamins?
Liver
15-the nurse is assessing the results of a client total blood cholesterol panel which component of the
cholesterol panel aids in reducing the risk of carbo vascular disease?
High density lipoprotein HDL
16-The nurse educator is discussing the healthy people 2020 2030 initiated with a group of nursing
students. Which of the following represents the overall goal of this initiative?
Identify nation might have improvement priorities and provide measurable objectives and goals
17- what is the first priority for a client who was experiencing a third degree burns over 30% of the
body surface area?
Replacement of fluid and electrolytes
18-The nurse is caring for a client who is a vegetarian and needs to select foods that are high in
protein. which food should the nurse instruct the client to consume?
tofu
19-which dietary teaching will the nurse provide to client who uses sunscreen and wears ultraviolet
UV Protective clothing and hats Yeah to prevent the development of skin cancer?
Ensure adequate intake of vitamin D from fortified foods and supplements
20-Which dietary selection will be the best source of protein for client with HIV aids who is
experiencing diarrhea?
peanut butter on toast or as a dip for fruits and vegetables
21-the nurse is teaching a group of parents about the required nutrition for children which of the
following minerals should the nurse inform the parents help with bone and teeth formation?
Fluoride
22-the nurse is admitting a client to a med surgical floor. The nurse noted that the client is taking St.
Johns worth for the depression. During the assessment the nurse notes which signs or symptoms may
be associated what do use of St John’s worth?
Ginseng and insulin taken together may cause weakness dizziness and hunger
23-the nurse is reviewing a client medication list at discharge. The nurse is providing teaching on the
interaction between ginseng and insulin, two items that are listed on the clients list. Which statement
best indicates the interactions between ginseng and insulin.
Ginseng and insulin taken together may cause weakness dizziness and hunger
24-The nurse is teaching a group of women who’s planning to have a baby about vitamins and
minerals supplements during pregnancy. which vitamins and minerals should the woman ensure that
are supplemented when they become pregnant? (SATA)
25- A client indicates activity level that includes a long hot bike after four hours which will be the
primary source of energy?
Fatty acid
26- the nurse is teaching a client about the main functions of the large intestine if the large intestine
does not carry out its main function the client will produce which type of feces?
Liquid
27-the nurse is reviewing the function of the gastrointestinal tract with the client. The client correctly
identified which function is being the most important of the small intestine?
complete digestion
28-a nurse is reviewing information on health promotion and disease prevention to teach clients. The
nurse notes that for most Americans, which is the most significant nutrition concern?
excessive intake of saturated fats cholesterol sodium and sugar
29-which amino acid plays an important role in the gastrointestinal tract during stress?
Glutamine
30-which statement is true about protein intake for a client with chronic renal failure who begins
peritoneal dialysis?
Increase protein because protein is most into the dialysate
31-a nurse is teaching a client who has cholecystitis about required dietary medication the nurse
should include which of the following foods as appropriate for the client side?
Turkey
32-the nurse is instructing a group of clients about consequences of decreased gastrointestinal
motility. Which is seen in decrease GI motility?
Constipation
33-which instruction will be helpful to a client who has gastroesophageal reflux?
Avoid eating for 3 hrs before lying down
Avoid trigger food (citrus fruits, juices, spicy foods, carbonate drinks)
Elevate the body on pillows
Avoid large meals and bedtime snacks
Avoid situation that led to increase abdominal pressure
34-which foods would most likely cause symptoms associated with celiac disease?
Food containing gluten
35-If a patient needs regular injections of vitamin B12, the most likely explanation is which of the
following?
The patient stomach does not produce the intrinsic factor
36-the nurse is instructing a client to document the number of calories consumed each meal. How
many calories are contained in a food that has 15 grams of carbohydrates, 6 grams of protein, and 10
grams of fat?
174 (Fat 10 x 9) = 90 now add 90 + 24 + 60 =174
(Protein 4 x 6) = 24
(carbs 15 x 4) = 60
Which is the best salad choice for a client who is implanting therapeutic lifestyle changes to reduce
the risk for coronary heart disease?
Mix greens with olive oil vinaigrette and walnut
38-a nurse is caring for a client with type 2 diabetes. The nurse teaches the client which technique to
maintain constant glycemic control?
Space snacks and meals evenly
39-Which diet is recommended for a client with chronic cholecystitis inflamed gall bladder?
Low fat diet
40-which replacement will a client receive who has chronic renal failure and develops anemia?
Erythropoietin
41-sets are divided into a number of groups which groups are fats? (SATA)
triglycerides
phospholipids
steroids
42-some nutrients cannot be made by the body but are needed for growth and development. Which
group of nutrients are these?
Essential
43-which dietary change may have decreased the risk of hypertension?
Drinking skim milk instead of soda
44-which action by the mother would be greatest concern for an infant with cystic fibrosis?
Breastfeed without using enzyme supplements
45-Which vitamin is involved in blood clotting and health the platelets healthy?
Vitamin K
46-which statement best describes potassium in diet?
It controls fluid levels inside the cell
47-which is the best food selection for a client whose plan of care include a renal quiet?
Baked chicken with rice and green beans
48-which recommendation best meets the dietary recommendation by the National Cancer Institute
to help prevent cancer?
Eating five or more daily servings of fruits and vegetables
49-A client that must obtain the greatest percentage of daily carbohydrates from complex carbohyd
rates most likely has which disease process?
Diabetes
50-a nurse is caring for a client whose partner is requesting to bring the client food from home that is
not allowed in the client’s dietary plan which of the following responses should the nurse make?
Everyone likes food from home, but it can delay your partner’s recover