TNCC TEST 2023-2024 ACTUAL FINAL EXAM TEST BANK 300
QUESTIONS AND CORRET DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
What are signs of Compensated shock? – ANSWER- Anxiety as blood is
shunted from areas responsible for higher brain function, normal systolic
BP, elevated diastolic BP, increased RR, bounding pulse, decreased
urinary output.
What are signs of Decompensated or Progressive shock? – ANSWERDecreased LOC, decreased systolic BP, narrowing pulse pressure,
tachycardia, weak pulses, rapid shallow respirations, cool and cyanotic
skin, increased lactic acid levels.
What are signs of Irreversible shock? – ANSWER- Obtunded, marked
hypotension and heart failure, bradycardia, bradypnea, organ failure,
acidosis.
What pain scale is used for the infant and pediatric patients and what
does it stand for? – ANSWER- F- Facial expression
L- Leg position
A- Activity
C- Crying
C- Consolability
CO2 is a primary regulator of blood flow to the brain and a strong
vasoconstrictor or vasodilator? – ANSWER- Vasodilator
What is a normal ICP level? – ANSWER- 10-20 mmHg
A sustained ICP over what level is considered abnormal? – ANSWER20 mmHg
Cerebral autoregulation maintains a constant cerebral vascular blood
flow as long as the MAP is in what range? – ANSWER- 50-150 mmHg
Normal cerebral perfusion pressure is what? – ANSWER- 60-100 mmHg
Autoregulation maintains a steady state when the CPP is between what?
- ANSWER- 50 – 160 mmHg
When cerebral autoregulation fails, perfusion is dependent on what and
what conditions would complicate this? – ANSWER- MAP, hemorrhage
and hypovolemia
Early assessment findings of ICP include. – ANSWER- Headache,
N&V, amnesia, behavior changes, altered loc
Late assessment findings of ICP include. – ANSWER- Dilated
nonreactive pupils, unresponsive to stimuli, abnormal posturing,
widening pulse pressure, reflex bradycardia, decreased respiratory effort.
How long does it take for symptoms to manifest in both acute and
chronic subdural hematomas? – ANSWER- Acute- within 72 hours
Chronic- up to 2 weeks
Assessment findings of chronic subdural hematomas include. –
ANSWER- Altered or steady decline in LOC, headache, loss of
memory, altered reasoning, motor deficit, aphasia, ipsilateral unilateral
fixed adn dilated pupil, incontinence, seizures
What is the GCS score for mild traumatic brain injury? – ANSWER- 13-
15
What is the GCS score for moderate traumatic brain injury? –
ANSWER- 9-12
What is the GCS score for severe traumatic brain injury? – ANSWER- 8
or less
What is second impact syndrome? – ANSWER- When a patient suffers a
2nd mild TBI before recovery from the first. The 2nd impact causes a
loss of autoregulation leading to cerebral edema.
What is diffuse axonal injury? – ANSWER- Widespread microscopic
damage, primarily to the axons. Depending on severity can lead to
persistent vegetative state.
How should a patient with head trauma be positioned? – ANSWEREither with the head of the bed elevated 30 deg or or reverse
Trendelenberg 30 deg if boarded.
What medications can be administered with traumatic brain injury and
when would it be contraindicated? – ANSWER- Mannitolcontraindicated if active intracranial bleed.
Anticonvulsant
Assessment findings for corneal abrasions include. – ANSWERPhotophobia, pain, redness, lid swelling
Assessment findings for corneal lacerations include. – ANSWER- Pain,
decreased vision
What is hyphema? – ANSWER- Hyphema is a collection of blood in the
anterior chamber of the eye.
What assessment finding is indicative of retrobulbar hematoma? –
ANSWER- IOP greater than 40 mmHg
What is a normal intraoccular pressure? – ANSWER- 10-20 mmHg