A goiter is an enlargement or hypertrophy of which gland?
A.
Thyroid.
B.
Posterior pituitary.
C.
Adrenal.
D.
Anterior pituitary.
The correct answer and Explanation is :
The correct answer is A. Thyroid.
A goiter refers to the enlargement of the thyroid gland, which is located in the front of the neck, just below the Adam’s apple. This condition can be caused by a variety of factors, most commonly related to issues with thyroid hormone production.
The thyroid gland plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism, growth, and energy levels through the production of thyroid hormones (thyroxine [T4] and triiodothyronine [T3]). These hormones help control how the body uses energy and are essential for normal development and functioning of many bodily systems.
Goiter can occur in several scenarios:
- Iodine Deficiency: The most common cause of goiter worldwide is a lack of iodine in the diet. Iodine is an essential component of thyroid hormones. When iodine levels are insufficient, the thyroid gland enlarges in an attempt to capture more iodine and produce adequate hormones.
- Autoimmune Conditions: Conditions like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease can lead to goiter. In Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, the immune system attacks the thyroid gland, leading to inflammation and enlargement. In Graves’ disease, the immune system stimulates the thyroid to produce excess hormones, causing the gland to swell.
- Thyroid Nodules: These are lumps within the thyroid gland that can sometimes cause the gland to enlarge. Although many nodules are benign, some can affect hormone production.
- Thyroid Cancer: Although less common, cancerous growths in the thyroid can also cause the gland to enlarge.
A goiter can be visible as a swelling in the neck and may sometimes cause symptoms such as difficulty swallowing or breathing, depending on its size. Treatment for goiter depends on the underlying cause and may include iodine supplements, medications, or, in some cases, surgery.