A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving ceftriaxone intravenously.
Which of the following manifestations should the nurse identify as an allergic reaction?
A.
Polyuria.
B.
Hypotension.
C.
Nausea.
D.
Bradycardia.
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
The correct answer is B. Hypotension.
Explanation:
Ceftriaxone is a cephalosporin antibiotic commonly used to treat a variety of infections. As with any medication, it carries the risk of allergic reactions, which can vary in severity. Understanding the manifestations of an allergic reaction is crucial for effective monitoring and timely intervention.
**1. Understanding Allergic Reactions: Allergic reactions occur when the immune system overreacts to a substance (allergen) that it mistakenly identifies as harmful. This reaction can involve a range of symptoms from mild to severe, including anaphylaxis, which is a severe and potentially life-threatening reaction.
**2. Manifestations of Allergic Reactions: Allergic reactions to medications like ceftriaxone can present in several ways, and it is important for healthcare providers to recognize these symptoms. Typical manifestations include rash, itching, swelling, and more severe reactions like anaphylaxis.
**3. Hypotension as a Sign of Allergic Reaction: Among the options provided, hypotension (low blood pressure) is the most indicative of a serious allergic reaction. In the context of an allergic reaction, hypotension can occur due to the release of histamines and other mediators that cause blood vessels to dilate, leading to a decrease in blood pressure. This can be part of an anaphylactic reaction, which is an emergency situation requiring immediate intervention.
**4. Other Options and Their Relevance:
- Polyuria (excessive urination) is not typically associated with allergic reactions to ceftriaxone. It may be more related to conditions affecting the kidneys or metabolic imbalances.
- Nausea is a common side effect of many medications, including ceftriaxone, but it is not specific to allergic reactions.
- Bradycardia (slow heart rate) is not a typical manifestation of an allergic reaction. It could be related to other conditions or effects but does not directly indicate an allergic reaction.
**5. Conclusion: In summary, hypotension is the most pertinent manifestation of an allergic reaction among the given options. It reflects a more severe response and requires immediate medical attention. Recognizing and responding to signs of an allergic reaction is crucial in ensuring patient safety and effective treatment management.