(ATI/HESI MCQ) A client with chickenpox asks the nurse about ways to relieve pruritus. What should the nurse recommend?
A.
Taking aspirin.
B.
Applying topical antibiotics.
C.
Using antihistamines.
D.
Increasing physical activity.
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
The correct answer is C. Using antihistamines.
Chickenpox, caused by the varicella-zoster virus, often results in a widespread rash that is intensely itchy (pruritic). This itching can lead to significant discomfort and may increase the risk of secondary infections if the skin is scratched. To manage pruritus effectively, the nurse should consider various interventions, with antihistamines being a primary recommendation.
Antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl), are commonly used to alleviate itching. They work by blocking the action of histamine, a substance in the body that causes allergic symptoms, including itching. By reducing the itch response, antihistamines can provide significant relief, allowing the client to sleep better and reducing the temptation to scratch, which can lead to skin infections.
Let’s examine the other options:
- A. Taking aspirin: Aspirin is not recommended for children with viral infections like chickenpox due to the risk of Reye’s syndrome, a serious condition that can cause liver and brain damage.
- B. Applying topical antibiotics: While topical antibiotics can be useful if there is a secondary bacterial infection, they do not address the underlying pruritus associated with chickenpox. Furthermore, they should not be applied to open lesions unless infection is present.
- D. Increasing physical activity: Although physical activity is generally beneficial for health, it does not directly relieve itching. In fact, increased activity may lead to more sweating and discomfort, potentially worsening the itch.
In summary, recommending antihistamines is a safe and effective way to relieve pruritus in clients with chickenpox, enhancing their comfort and promoting healing. The nurse should also encourage the client to maintain cool, dry skin and consider using soothing baths or calamine lotion as additional supportive measures for itch relief.