The health promotion model (Pender) suggests that an individual may change behavior if they realize all of the following except:
A.
There are perceived benefits to action.
B.
There are perceived barriers to action preventing the change.
C.
That the behavior will likely result in a positive outcome.
D.
That there is a threat of contracting the disease.
The correct answer and Explanation is :
The correct answer is D. That there is a threat of contracting the disease.
Explanation:
The Health Promotion Model (HPM), developed by Nola Pender, is designed to explain and predict the ways individuals engage in behaviors that promote health. According to this model, individuals are more likely to engage in health-promoting behaviors when they recognize the benefits of taking such actions and feel confident in their ability to overcome potential barriers. The HPM outlines several key components that influence an individual’s decision to change behavior, including:
- Perceived Benefits to Action (A): Individuals are more likely to engage in a behavior if they believe it will lead to positive outcomes. This perception drives motivation by highlighting the advantages of taking health-promoting actions, such as reducing the risk of disease or improving overall well-being.
- Perceived Barriers to Action (B): While recognizing benefits is crucial, individuals must also consider and address any obstacles that may impede behavior change. The model suggests that overcoming these barriers is essential for successful behavior change. Barriers could include financial costs, lack of time, or logistical challenges.
- Outcome Expectancy (C): This refers to the belief that a behavior will lead to a desired result. If individuals expect that their actions will likely result in a positive outcome, they are more motivated to adopt and maintain the behavior.
- Threat of Contracting Disease (D): The Health Promotion Model does not emphasize the threat of disease as a primary motivator for behavior change. Instead, it focuses on positive reinforcement (benefits of action) and overcoming obstacles. This differs from models like the Health Belief Model, which places more emphasis on perceived threats and risks of disease as motivators for behavior change.
In summary, while the threat of contracting a disease might influence behavior in other health models, the Health Promotion Model primarily emphasizes perceived benefits, barriers, and outcome expectancies as crucial factors in behavior change.