When developing a teaching plan for a client with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes, the nurse should explain that an increased thirst is an early sign of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which action should the nurse instruct the client to implement if this sign of DKA occurs?
A.
Drink electrolyte fluid replacements.
B.
Give a dose of regular insulin as prescribed.
C.
Resume normal physical activity.
D.
Measure urine output over the next 24 hours.
The correct answer and Explanation is :
The correct answer is B. Give a dose of regular insulin as prescribed.
Explanation:
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication of diabetes that arises due to a severe insulin deficiency, leading to high blood glucose levels and ketone formation, which results in metabolic acidosis. Early signs of DKA often include increased thirst, frequent urination, and fatigue. Addressing these symptoms promptly is crucial to prevent progression to more severe complications.
When a client with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes experiences increased thirst, this could be an indication of elevated blood glucose levels and the onset of DKA. Therefore, the primary action should be to manage the underlying issue of high blood glucose and ketone production. The appropriate action is to give a dose of regular insulin as prescribed (Option B). Regular insulin helps lower blood glucose levels, reducing the formation of ketones and alleviating the symptoms of DKA.
Here’s why the other options are less appropriate:
- A. Drink electrolyte fluid replacements: While hydration and electrolyte balance are important in managing DKA, they are not the immediate treatment for the underlying cause. Electrolyte solutions can be used in conjunction with insulin therapy but are not a substitute for insulin administration.
- C. Resume normal physical activity: Physical activity should be approached with caution during DKA because it can exacerbate dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. The priority in DKA management is controlling blood glucose and ketones, not physical activity.
- D. Measure urine output over the next 24 hours: Monitoring urine output can be a useful part of overall management in DKA, particularly to assess hydration status and kidney function. However, this action does not address the immediate need to control blood glucose levels and ketone production.
In summary, the primary action for a client experiencing signs of DKA, such as increased thirst, is to administer insulin as prescribed to manage high blood glucose levels and prevent the progression of DKA.