The pleura is a connective tissue sheath that covers which of the following organs?
A.
Liver.
B.
Heart.
C.
Spleen.
D.
Lung.
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
The correct answer is D. Lung.
The pleura is a vital component of the respiratory system, specifically associated with the lungs. It consists of two layers: the parietal pleura and the visceral pleura. The parietal pleura lines the thoracic cavity, while the visceral pleura adheres directly to the surface of the lungs. This anatomical arrangement serves several important functions in respiratory physiology and overall lung health.
One of the primary functions of the pleura is to facilitate the movement of the lungs during respiration. The pleural cavity, the space between the two pleural layers, contains pleural fluid. This fluid acts as a lubricant, reducing friction between the lung surfaces and the thoracic wall as the lungs expand and contract during breathing. The negative pressure created within the pleural cavity also helps keep the lungs inflated, preventing their collapse.
In addition to its mechanical role, the pleura provides a protective barrier. It helps to prevent infections from spreading from the thoracic cavity to the lungs and vice versa. The pleura is also involved in the immune response; any irritation or infection can lead to conditions such as pleuritis, where the pleura becomes inflamed, causing pain and respiratory distress.
Understanding the pleura’s structure and function is crucial in clinical practice. Conditions affecting the pleura, such as pleural effusion (accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity), pneumothorax (air in the pleural space), or pleural tumors, can significantly impact respiratory function. Therefore, healthcare professionals must be adept at recognizing and managing these pleural conditions to maintain optimal respiratory health.
In summary, the pleura is essential for lung function, providing lubrication, facilitating respiration, and acting as a protective barrier, underscoring its critical role in respiratory health.