A thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering an epiphysis of a long bone is called __.
The Correct answer and Explanation is:
The correct answer is articular cartilage.
Explanation
Articular cartilage is a specialized form of hyaline cartilage that covers the surfaces of bones at synovial joints. This layer is crucial for joint function, providing a smooth, low-friction surface for the articulation of bones during movement.
Structure and Composition: Articular cartilage is primarily composed of chondrocytes (cartilage cells) embedded in an extracellular matrix rich in collagen fibers, proteoglycans, and water. The collagen fibers provide tensile strength, while the proteoglycans help retain water and create a gel-like matrix that provides cushioning. This unique composition allows articular cartilage to withstand compressive forces during joint loading.
Functions:
- Shock Absorption: Articular cartilage acts as a cushion between bones, absorbing and distributing the forces exerted during activities like walking, running, and jumping. This property is essential for protecting the underlying bone from damage.
- Facilitation of Movement: The smooth surface of articular cartilage minimizes friction between the articulating bones, allowing for fluid and pain-free motion at the joint. This smoothness is vital for joint efficiency and mobility.
- Load Distribution: Articular cartilage helps distribute loads evenly across the joint surface, reducing localized stress on specific areas of the bone. This helps prevent wear and tear and contributes to the longevity of the joint.
Pathology: Damage to articular cartilage, often due to injury, overuse, or degenerative diseases like osteoarthritis, can lead to pain, stiffness, and reduced joint function. Unlike other tissues, articular cartilage has a limited capacity for self-repair due to its avascular nature (lack of blood supply). This makes understanding its structure and function critical for developing treatments for joint-related issues.
In summary, articular cartilage is vital for maintaining joint health and function, playing an essential role in facilitating movement and absorbing shock in the skeletal system.