In what year was Georgia established?
1732
When did settlement take place in Savannah?
1733
How long was Georgia in existence before there was a governor or governing body within the colony itself?
Two decades
Who ruled Georgia in the beginning?
Board of Trustees
Define: Board of Trustees
The governing body of Georgia in London England. King George signed a charter establishing the colony and creating its governing board
What years is Georgia referred to as “Trustee Georgia”?
1732 – 1752
What were four things that were outlawed when Georgia was founded?
slavery, rum, lawyers, and Catholics
Who was the impetus behind Georgia’s founding?
James Edward Ogelthorpe
Battle of Bloody Marsh
On St. Simons Island between the English and the Spanish. It was an attempt of the Spanish to invade Georgia
Who from Georgia signed the Declaration of Independence?
Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, and George Walton
Who from Georgia signed the US Constitution?
Abraham Baldwin and William Few Jr.
Which state was Georgia to enter the Union when it ratified the Constitution in 1788?
Fourth
What was the most serious military confrontation between British and American troops?
Siege of Savannah in 1779
Where was the capital moved to and from in 1779?
Savannah to Augusta
Battle of Kettle Creek
Took place in Wilkes County
Nancy Hart
a female patriot and spy credited with killing several Tories at her home
When was the ban on slavery in Georgia lifted?
1752
Eli Whitney
inventor of the cotton gin
Yazoo land fraud
1795, the sale of western land to four land companies after the governor and members of the General Assembly had been bribed / land companies bribed GA leaders to sell land cheaply; resulted in U.S. take-over of disputed land
James Edward Ogelthorpe
The leader of English Parliament who founded the Georgia colony, in order to create an effective buffer from the Spanish and Spanish controlled Florida.
University of Georgia
Founded in 1785, first university in the nation established by a state government
Wesleyan College
Established in Macon in 1836, the first degree-granting women’s college in the world
Trail of Tears
The Cherokees forced exile from the states northewestern territory in 1838 – 1839. It became a symbol of the trauma and suffering all experienced
What was Georgia referred to as by the 1860s?
“Empire State of the South”
Which state was Georgia out of all the states to secede from the Union?
fifth
Howell Cobb
in control of the Confederacy’s organizing convention
Thomas R. R. Cobb
primary author of the Confederate Constitution
William T. Sherman
known for his military campaign “March to the Sea” in which he marched from Atlanta to Savannah for his final siege. His troops burned barns and houses, and destroyed the countryside. His march showed a shift in the belief that only military targets should be destroyed. Civilian centers could also be targets
Reconstruction
the period after the Civil War in the United States when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union
Freedmen’s Bureau
established by Congress to aid African Americans undergoing the transition from slavery to freedom in the aftermath of the Civil War
Klu Klux Klan
Terrorist organization devoted to racial inequality, suffering and evil, established 1868
Governor James Jackson
Overturned the Yazoo Act; elected to First Congress; lost reelection
Joseph Brown
Governor from Georgia who tried at times to keep his own troops apart from the Confederate forces and insisted on hoarding surplus supplies for his own state’s militias. He believed that his state had seceded so that it didn’t have to follow the dictates of a central government.
Milledgeville
Georgia’s fourth capital and seat of the state government during the Civil War
Henry L. Benning
A jurist who became associate justice of the Supreme Court of Georgia in the 1850s. He then became a vocal advocate for secession and earned the rank of brigadier general during the Civil War
Robert Toombs
A senator and extremist from Georgia who said that the South would never let the federal government be controlled by the Republican party and threatened secession.
Rufus Bullock
He served as the Governor of Georgia from 1868 to 1871 during Reconstruction and was the first Republican governor of Georgia. After various allegations of scandal, in 1871 he was obliged by the Ku Klux Klan to resign the governorship.
Tunis Campbell
Represented McIntosh County as a state senator and served as a justice of the peace.Insisted on equal representation of blacks in juries and otherwise championed their rights to the point of making himself an annoyance to the whites. Was sentenced to a year of hard labor for improper conduct.
the crop-lien system
a way for farmers to get credit before the planting season by borrowing against the value for anticipated harvests ; guess how well this worked for farmers
Populism
Farm-based movement of the late 1800s that arose mainly in the area from Texas to the Dakotas and grew into a joint effort between farmer and labor groups against big business and machine-based politics. The movement became a third party in the election of 1892.
“New South” Crusade
Sought to diversify the Georgia economy; eventually led to the industrialization of the state.
Jim Crow
The system of racial segregation in the South that was created in the late nineteenth century following the end of slavery. These laws written in the 1880s and 1890s mandated segregation in public facilities.
W. E. B. Du Bois
American civil rights activist; wrote the Souls of Black Folk and demanded full racial equality; helped found the NAACP
Rebecca Latimer Felton
Rebecca Latimer Felton She was a civic leader that supported women’s suffrage and temperance as well as strongly disagree with the convict lease system. She was also the first woman to serve in the US Senate
Leo Frank
Jewish factory manager in Atlanta who was convicted of murdering a female employee. A mob lynched him in his jail cell.
County-unit System
County-unit System It gave each county or district a certain number of votes. The bigger the district, the more votes. This inacurately stated what people wanted and gave rural areas more votes, which did not represent what most people would prefer.
Agricultural Adjustment Administration
Restricted agricultural production in the New Deal era by paying farmers to reduce crop area. Its purpose was to reduce crop surplus so as to effectively raise the value of crops, thereby giving farmers relative stability again.
Herman Talmadge
GA governor; in reaction to Brown vs. BOE he declared that GA will ‘not tolerate the mixing of races in public schools or any other tax supported instutions.” Forcibly took over the Governor’s mansion until it was officially announced he had lost the election.
Martin Luther King, Jr.
U.S. Baptist minister and civil rights leader. A noted orator, he opposed discrimination against blacks by organizing nonviolent resistance and peaceful mass demonstrations. He was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee. Nobel Peace Prize Winner(1964)
1996 Olympic Games
Put georgia on a national stage, and made Atlanta a world known city.
Thirteenth Amendment
officially abolished and continues to prohibit slavery and involuntary servitude; 1864
Fourteenth Amendment
overruled Dred Scott(1857) granting blacks citizenship ; reinforced due process and equal rights; 1868
Fifteenth Amendment
explicitly grants right of citizens to vote regardless of race, color or having been enslaved (!) ; 1870
Ben Epps
father of aviation in the state
Charles Lindbergh
acclaimed aviator
William B. Hartsfield
established Hartsfield Airport, also later became mayor of Atlanta
Brown vs. Board of Education
ruled that the “separate but equal” laws were unconstitutional
Why did colonists come to the new world?
religious freedom, profit, adventure and more
Iroquois League
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indentured servant
A poor person obligated to a fixed term of labor. “…it depended for labor in its early years mainly on white indentured servants….
Hernan Cortes
spanish conquerer
Jamestown
settled and named after king James
The Stono Rebellion
a band of slaves marching proclaiming Liberty in 1739. they marched over ten miles and killed between 20-25 whites
William Penn
early Quaker who founded Pennsylvnia
The Great Awakening
evangelical and revitalization movement that swept Protestant Europe and British America (esp American colonies) leaving a permanent impact on American Protestantism
Mercantilism
economic theory and practice common in Europe from 16th to 18th century that promoted governmental regulation of a nations economy for the purpose of augmenting state power at the expense of rival national powers
Thomas Paine
English-American political activist, author, political theorist and revolutionary. Wrote Common Sense that advocated for colonial Americas independence from Great Britain
Alexander Hamilton
founding Father of the US, cheif staff to General Washington and one of the most influential interpreters and promoters of the Constitution, the founder of the nations financial system and the founder of the first american political party
Federalist Papers
series of 85 papers written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay promoting the ratification of the United States Constitution
Northwest Ordinance
was an act of the Congress of the Confederation of the US, passed in 1787. the primary effect was the creation of the northwest territory (the first organized territory of the US
Kentucky and Virginia resolves
political statements drafted in 1798 and 1799 in which kentucky and virginia legislatures took the position that federal alien and sedition acts were unconstitutional
Louisiana Purchase
the acquisition by the USA in 1803 of Frances claim to the territory of Louisana
Hartford Convention
series of meetings from dec 1814 to jan 1815 in hartford connecticut in which new england federalists met to discuss their grievances concerning the ongoing war of 1812 and the political problems arising from the federal gvts increasing power
Dartmouth College Case
a landmark decision from the US supreme court dealing with the application of the contract clause of the US constitution to private corporations
Frederick Douglass
african american social reformer, orator, writer and statesmen. escaped slavery and became the leader of the abolitionist movement
Nullification Crisis
section criss during Jacksons presidency created by SC ordinance of nullification.
Seneca Falls Convention
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Morrill Act of 1862
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New York City Riots
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Jefferson Davis
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Andrew Johnson
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conscription
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Eugene v. Debs
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Battle of Wounded Knee
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Sherman Anti-Trust Act
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Booker T. Washington
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Free Silver
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Open Door Policy
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Calvin Coolidge
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Scopes Trial
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Father Charles Coughlin
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Tenneessee Valley Authority
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Lend-Lease Act
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Hiroshima
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Containment
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Cuban Missile Crisis
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Brown v. Board of Education
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Malcolm X
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John F. Kennedy
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Tet Offensive
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Affirmative Action
…California 1990s
Moral Majority
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Reagan Revolution
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Operation Desert Storm
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Ross Perot
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NAFTA
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Ronald Reagan was referring to __ when he spoke of the “Evil Empire.”
the Soviet Union
Which nation held fifty-eight hostages in their capital’s American Embassy in 1979 and 1980?
Iran
Martin Luther King, Jr. first came to national prominence during:
the Montgomery bus boycott of 1955
What happened at Kent State University on May 4, 1970?
National guardsmen fired into a group of protesting students.
The Harlem Renaissance was:
an African-American literary and artistic movement.
__ found themselves forced into internment camps in the western U.S. during World War II
Japanese-Americans
The most significant third political party of the late nineteenth century was the:
Populist Party
Jim Crow laws were:
a method of imposing strict segregation in even the smallest aspects of society.
During the Civil War, conscription was:
first instituted by the Confederacy.