PAX Vocabulary NLN (test bank) answered 2022/2023.

Abrasions
Scrapes

Abstemious
Discipline, self-denying, moderate

Accolade
honor, privilege, award, tribute

Adamant
Inflexible, stubborn, insistent, Obstinate

Adversaries
Opponents

Affinity
empathy for, harmony

Agrarian
Farm production

Allay
reduce, diminish, decrease, lessen, alleviate, calm

Aloof
distant, detached, unfriendly

Altruist
Humanitarian, benevolent, unselfish

Ambiguous
open to more than one interpretation, double meaning, vague

Amiable
friendly, affable, amicable, cordial

Anachronism
belonging to another period other the present

Animosity
great ill – hostility, hatred

Antediluvian
Out of date, outmoded, antiquated, passé

Antithesis
opposite, contrary, reverse

Apathy
indifference, lack of interest

Apex
Highest point

Ascetic
self-discipline, self-denying

Bauble
Trinket, Ornament, Frippery

Bedlam
Uproar, confusion, commotion, disorder

Biennial
once every two years

Bigot
Extremist, partisan, racist, sexist, chauvinist

Bogus
not genuine, not true, fake, false

Brazen
Bold, Shameless, defiant, impudent

Cacophonous
discordant

Calamity
Disaster

Callous
Heartless, cruel

Callow
Immature, juvenile, raw, untried, naive

Candid
truthful, outspoken, honest, sincere

Canter
a three-beat gait of a horse or other quadruped between a trot and a gallop

Castes
Social class

Caterwauling
Howling, Cry, Bark, howl, scream, wail

Caustic
Corrosive, Sarcastic, Bitter

Celestial
Heavenly

Chaste
Virginal

Commonplace
ordinary, not unusual

Contiguous
adjacent, neighboring, adjoining, abutting, connecting

Convalescence
Recuperation

Conversant
Familiar with, knowledgeable about

Convivial
Pleasant

Cowardly
Pusillanimous, Lack of courage

Cryptic
enigmatic

Damper
mold, wet

Deference
respect, obedience, surrender

Demure
modest, reserved, bashful, proper, chaste

Derisive
mocking, insulting, sarcastic

Disdainful
Scornful – Disrespectful

Dissident
objector, protester, rebel, agitator, protesting, Rebellious

Dogged
tenacious, determined, purposeful

Dogmatic
insistent, adamant, authoritarian

Domicile
Residence

Edible
safe to eat, consumable, good to eat

Edicts
order, command, decree

Elicit
obtain, draw out, evoke, induce, provoke

Empirically
based on, concerned with,

Enticements
temptations, lure, allure, attraction

Epilogue
afterword, postscript, addendum

Eroded
dissolve, corrode, decay, destroy, deteriorate

Essence
nature

Expiate
make amends for, pay for it, redeem

Explicit
Clearly stated

Fallow
uncultivated, unplowed, inactive

Falter
hesitate, delay, stammer, and struggle, Unsteadily

Fastidious
Scrupulous, meticulous, critical, hard to please

Flaccid
soft

Flippant
Frivolous, disrespectful

Florid
red-faced, rosy, pink, blushing

Flux
continuous change, variability, instability, oscillation

Furtive
sneaky

Gamut
Range

Garrulous
very talkative

Gauntlet
glove, (accept or issue a challenge)

Gibe
an insulting or mocking remark

Guile
cunning, artfulness, slyness, Sly, clever

Gullible
Naïve

Haughty
proud, arrogant, vain, snobbish, superior, scornful

Heresy
unorthodoxy, atheism, dissension, disagreement

Hoodwinked
deceive, trick, fool, cheat

Illicit
Forbidding by law, illegal, criminal

Impassionate
emotional, heartfelt, sincere, fervent

Impediment
Hindrance, obstacle, barrier

Impertinent
rude, insolent, impolite

Impervious
Unaffected by, immune to, resistant to, impermeable

Impetuous
impulsive, rash, reckless, careless, without care

Inalienable
absolute, untransferable, nonnegotiable

Incongruous
not in harmony, inappropriate, unsuitable, odd

Incredulous
Disbelieving

Increment
larger amount

Incumbent
current, present, in office, in power

Indelible
permanent, lasting

Indigent
impoverished

Indolent
Lazy

Indomitable
invincible, unbeatable

Infer
deduction

Intemperate
Uncontrolled

Interloper
intruder, trespasser, invader

Irrepressible
Uncontrollable

Itinerant
migrant

Knoll
mound, rise, hill

Laudable
Deserves praise

Limbo
unfinished, postponed, deferred, unresolved

Ludicrous
foolish, unreasonable, ridiculous

Lurid
bright, brilliant, vivid, sensational

Malingering
pretends

Menial
Unskilled, lowly, humble

Mercenary
Avaricious

Mirthful
merry, amusing, jocund

Momentum
impetus, energy, force, power

Necromancy
sorcery, black magic, witchcraft, voodoo

Nomenclature
set of words and phrases

Notorious
infamous, scandalous, well known, famous

Obdurate
stubborn, obstinate, inflexible

Obfuscate
obscure, confuse, blur

Oblivious
Unaware

Obnoxious
Horrible, nasty , unpleasant, distasteful, offensive

Obsequious
Submissive

Obsolescent
dying out, on the decline, aging, Antiquated

Obstreperous
undisciplined, disorderly, difficult, hostile

Omniscient
all- knowing, all-wise

Omnivore
Plants and herbs

Parley
negotiation, conference, summit, discussion

Partisan
One side

Pathos
sadness, pitifulness poignancy, tragedy, evokes pity

Penchant
liking, fondness, partiality, whim, desire

Pensive
thoughtful

Pernicious
Harmful, destructive

Perverse
contrary, awkward, difficult, uncooperative

Petty
unimportant, minor, trivial

Placate
pacify, calm, appease, soothe

Pliable
easily shaped, flexible, elastic

Powerless
impotent

Praiseworthy
admirable, laudable, exemplary

Presumptuous
falling to observe the limits of what is permitted or appropriate

Prolific
Plentiful, abundant, profuse, fecund, rich

Prologue
introduction, foreword, preface, prelude

Purport
claims to be, pretend to be, rumored

Quiescent
inactive, inert, idle, dormant

Quixotic
idealistic and impractical

Raconteur
Storyteller

Rapacious
Grasping, greedy avaricious, covetous, mercenary, insatiable

Ravenous
Very hungry, voracious

Recalcitrant
uncooperative, rebellious, contrary

Recondite
obscure, abstruse, profound, difficult, complex

Remission
respite, rest, break, recess, symptoms disappeared

Reprimand
rebuke, admonish, reprove

Reproved
Reprimand – Warning

Reticulated
Constructed, arranged

Saunter
stroll, wander, walk, Relaxed

Scornful
superior, contemptuous, disrespectful

Scurrilous
defamatory, slanderous, scandalous, insulting, offensive

Secession
the act of withdrawing formally from membership of a federation or body

Sedulous
diligent, meticulous, careful, Attentive

Solicitous
Considered

Somber
solemn, serious, unsmiling, humorless

Sorcerer
practices necromancy

Sparingly
moderate, economical, abstemious

Squalid
dirty, filthy, neglected

Stagnant
smelly

Sudorific
Sweating

Supercilious
Aloof – Arrogant – being superior

Suppurated
discharge pus

Surly
moody, sour, bad-tempered, grumpy

Symposium
conference, meeting

Tacit
implicit, implied, hinted, suggested, understood or implied without being stated

Taciturn
uncommunicative

Taunt
provocation, insult, make fun of, ridicule, mock

Terse
to the point, concise

Tyranny
Despotism, absolute power, autocracy

Ubiquitous
omnipresent, universal, all over the place

Vacillated
wavered, be undecided

Veracity
Truthfulness

Vicissitudes
change, alteration, twist, turn, uncertainty

Vitriolic
caustic, Sarcastic

Vivacious
lively, buoyant, merry, jaunty

Voluble
talkative

Wavered
Hesitated

Zealots
Extremists – fanatics

Zenith
highest point, crowing point, peak

callous
made hard

explicit
fully and clearly expressed

partisan
biased, emotional allegiance

limbo
an intermediate, transitional

succumbing
to give way to superior force; yield

malingering
to pretend illness, to avoid work, etc

avarice
insatiable greed for riches

admonition
counsel, advice, or caution

veneration
the act of treating with profound respect

animosity
strong dislike

menial
lowly / degrading

nominal
not real; too small to be considered or taken seriously

cynical
distrusting the motives of others

candid
completely honest, straightforward

eloquent
fluent, forceful, and appropriate speech

continuum
a continuous extent, series, or whole

symposium
a meeting or conference for the discussion of some subject

presumptuous
bold of forward; going beyond that which is proper

vacillated
indecisive or irresolute

transgressed
go beyond (a limit, boundary, etc.)

ascetic
self-denying

agitated
to move or force into violent, irregular action; shake

incongruous
out of place; inappropriate; unbecoming;

dissident
disagreeing

adamant
unyielding; persistent

nondescript
of no particular type or kind;uninteresting; dull

lope
to move or run with bounding steps

canter
an easy gallop

saunter
to walk with a leisurely gait; stroll

falter
to hesitate; to move unsteadily

pretentious
done for show, striving to make a big impression; ambitious

taciturn
reserved in speech; reluctant to join in conversation

garrulous
excessively talkative in a rambling, especially about trivial matters

voluble
glib; talkative

culpable
deserving blame

mundane
common; ordinary,

melancholy
a gloomy state of mind

scrupulous
a moral or ethical standard that inhibits certain actions

mercenary
working or acting merely for money or other reward

disdainful
treat with contempt; despise; scornful

laudable
deserving praise (Oh, lawd!)

stagnant
stale from standing

depraved
corrupt, wicked, or perverted

squalid
foul and repulsive, as from lack of care or cleanliness; neglected and filthy; miserable

dogged
persistent in effort; stubbornly tenacious

aloof
reserved; disinterested

solicitous
anxious or concerned

supercilious
arrogant, scornful

unscrupulous
lacking moral restraint; conscienceless

vociferous
loud and noisy

obfuscate
obscure; confuse

lurid
causing shock, horror, or revulsion; sensational

lucrative
bringing in money; profitable

pusillanimous
cowardly

quiescent
inactive; at rest; motionless

melodrama
A literary form in which events are exaggerated in order to create an extreme emotional response.

pathos
evoking a feeling of pity or compassion; pity

illicit
illegal; not permitted

elicit
bring out from some source (such as another person)

tacit
quiet, inclined to talk very little

calamity
an event that causes great misfortune; a disaster

conversion
being converted; turning us away from sin and toward God.

impassioned
filled with intense feeling / passion

impertinent
rude; disrespectful

impetuous
acting suddenly without thought

martyr
a person who willingly suffers death rather than renounce his or her religion

interloper
one who moves in where he or she is not wanted/intruder

indomitable
unconquerable

reproved
to criticize or correct; disapprove of strongly

conversant
familiar by use or study

gamut
an entire range or series

guile
sly/cunning, deceit

naiveté/callow
lack of sophistication; simplicity

apex
the highest point, tip

pseudonym
a pen name, name assumed by a writer

acronym
a word formed from the first letter of each word in a series

synonym
a word that means the same as another word

antonym
a word that means the opposite of another word

stupefied
stunned; astonished

incredulous
disbelieving, skeptical

furtive
done slyly, sneaky ; stolen

impotent
powerless; lacking strength

inconsolable
sad beyond comforting

stoical
self-controlled, not showing feeling in response to pleasure or pain

bedlam
a state or scene of uproar and confusion

scurrilous
coarsely abusive

convivial
festive, sociable

sedulous
persistent, determination

florid
highly colored, reddish

irrepressible
incapable of being controlled

indelible
not able to be erased; memorable

inalienable
not able to be taken or given away.

vicissitudes
the unexpected changes and shifts often encountered in one’s life

enticements
to lead on by exciting hope or desire; especially to evil

infractions
breaking of a law or rule

pensive
dreamily or wistfully thoughtful

veracity
truthfulness; honesty

indolent
habitually lazy or idle

biennial
occurring every two years

increment
an enlargement, increase, addition

surly
angry and bad-tempered; rude

nomenclature
set of words or phrases

suppurated
to produce or discharge pus

perspicacious
perceptive; having keen discernment

ubiquitous
existing or being everywhere, especially at the same time

abrasions
scrapes

celestial
sky or heavens

essence
nature of something

altruist
unselfish, concerned with the welfare of others

bigot
an intolerant, prejudiced, or biased person

charlatan
one who feigns knowledge or ability; impostor

adversaries
opponent; enemy; foe

agrarian
concerning farms, farmers, or the use of land

utilitarian
an ethical system stating that the greatest good for the greatest number of people should be the overriding concern of decision makers

familial
of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a family

cooperative
abusiness that is owned by the members it serves and is managed in their interest

convalescence
the gradual return to health after illness

castes
social groups

aristocracies
a class of persons holding exceptional rank and privileges

incumbent
obligatory, required; one who holds a specific office at the time spoken of

dissipated
dissolve or disappear

digressed
wandered off the subject

fallow
dormant; unused

indigent
lacking food, clothing, and other necessities of life because of poverty; needy; poor

domicile
a residence

inexplicable
hard to explain or impossible to understand

unsurpassed
better or greater than anything else of its kind

cryptic
puzzling, mystifying, or enigmatic

flippant
lacking in seriousness; disrespectful

placate
to appease, soothe, pacify

cacophonous
harsh-sounding, raucous, discordant, dissonant

discordant
disagreeing; disagreeable to the ear

vitriolic
highly caustic; acid; bitter

chaste
pure; unspoiled; virginal

caustic
capable of burning, corroding, or destroying living tissue/ sarcastic

zealots
fanatic

itinerant
wandering from place to place; unsettled

empirically
derived from or guided by experience or experiment

rhetorically
asked only for effect, no answer being expected

deciduously
shedding the leaves annually, as certain trees and shrubs

flaccid
soft and limp; not firm; flabby

pernicious
extremely harmful; deadly, fatal

intemperate
immoderate, lacking in self-control; inclement

obdurate
stubborn, unyielding

neurotic
anxious, irritable, aggressive, temperamental, and moody.

quixotic
foolishly impractical; often unpredictable

masochism
sexual urges, fantasies, or acts are associated with being humiliated, bound, or made to suffer

philology
study of language and literature

obsequious
obedient; dutiful

obstreperous
noisy; unruly, disorderly

obsolescent
going out of use; becoming obsolete

meandering
wandering aimlessly

interloping
intruding, meddling

foraging
searching for food

consecrate
to make or declare sacred; set apart or dedicate to the service of a deity

habituate
to become used to; to cause to become used to

elitism
consciousness of or pride in belonging to a select or favored group; practice of or belief in rule by an elite

quaff
a drink; to drink a beverage, especially an intoxicating one, copiously and with hearty enjoyment

inexorably
unyielding; unalterable

insensate
without feeling or regard

indiscreetly
carelessly

precarious
unstable, insecure, dangerous

unassailable
impossible to dispute or disprove; undeniable

recalcitrant
stubbornly disobedient, resisting authority

postscript
thought written after the letter is finished; p.s.

scullion
a kitchen servant who does menial work

emulate
to imitate with the intent of equaling or surpassing the model

milieu
the setting, surroundings, environment

neophyte
a new convert, beginner, novice

umbrage
offense; annoyance; displeasure

blatant
noisy in a coarse, offensive way; obvious or conspicuous

pugnacious
quarrelsome, fond of fighting

foreboding
a warning or feeling that something bad will happen; marked by fear, ominous

nomad
a person who has no settled home

abjured
rejected; renounced

ornate
elaborately decorated; showily splendid

ingenious
clever

fastidious
hard to please

admonitory
to reprove firmly but not harshly; to advise to do or against doing something; warn; caution

impoverished
poor, in a state of poverty; depleted

bolstered
a long, narrow pillow; anything used as a support; to prop up, support, or reinforce

exultation
lively or triumphant joy

raconteur
witty, skillful storyteller

bauble
a trinket

allocated
to set aside for a particular purpose

arduous
hard to do, requiring much effort

salutary
beneficial, helpful; healthful, wholesome

tertiary
of the third order, rank, stage, formation, etc.; third

epilogue
a short passage added at the end of a literary work

audacity
boldness; reckless daring; impertinence

despotism
absolute power or control; tyranny

penchant
a strong attraction or inclination

antediluvian
so extremely old as seeming to belong to an earlier period; prehistoric

contiguous
side by side, touching; near; adjacent in time

reticulated
covered with a mesh-like pattern

brusque
abrupt in manner; blunt; rough

paroxysm
a sudden outburst; a spasm, convulsion

montage
the technique of combining in a single composition pictorial elements from various sources; collage

matrix
something that constitutes the place or point from which something else originates, takes form, or develops

stipend
a fixed sum of money paid periodically for services or to defray expenses

vivacious
lively, sprightly, full of energy

demure
characterized by shyness and modesty; reserved

fetish
any object or idea eliciting unquestioning reverence, respect, or devotion

recondite
exceeding ordinary knowledge and understanding

rapacious
given to seizing for plunder or the satisfaction of greed

callow
immature or inexperienced

omniscient
knowing everything

pristine
having its original purity; uncorrupted or unsullied

prolific
producing offspring, young, fruit, etc., abundantly; highly fruitful

impervious
not permitting penetration or passage; impenetrable

exacerbate
to make more violent, severe, bitter, or painful

jocund
merry; cheerful; lighthearted

mirthful
joyous; gay; jolly

cavalcade
an order of events; a procession

fuselage
the body of the aircraft

knoll
a small, round hill or mound

eroded
to wear away gradually, eat away

duress
compulsion by threat; forcible confinement

dissidence
disagreement

trepidation
fear, fright, trembling

fruition
attainment of anything desired; realization; accomplishment; enjoyment

purported
rumored; claimed

perverse
inclined to go against what is expected; stubborn; turned away from what is good and proper

momentary
lasting but a moment; very brief; fleeting

negligible
so small, trifling, or unimportant that it may safely be neglected or disregarded

fragmented
a state that includes several discontinuous pieces of territory.

indiscretion
lack of discretion; imprudence; an indiscreet act, remark

heresy
an opinion different from accepted belief; the denial of an idea that is generally held sacred

flux
a state of constant change or a flow

secession
formal withdrawal of states or regions from a nation

gibes
to utter mocking or scoffing words; jeer; to taunt

chicanery
trickery, deceptive practices or tactics

eructed
to belch forth, as gas from the stomach

titrated
to measure the volume or concentration of (a solution) by titration

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