Oxygen is transferred from mom to fetus via the placenta through?
Passive (Simple) Diffusion
Intervillous space perfusion is dependent on?
Adequate Uterine Blood Flow
Maternal Fetal Exchange is best promoted by which maternal position?
Either Rt or Lt Lateral
What is transfer down the concentration gradient from higher to lower called?
Diffusion
The most likely physical rationale for recurrent late decels after epidural is?
Maternal Sympathetic Blockade
Which FHR pattern would be anticipated when monitoring mono-mono twins?
Variable Decels
Fetus can survive in an environment w/ a PO2 equal to adult venous blood d/t?
increased O2 carrying capacity
Variable decels are mediated primarily by?
baroreceptors
The sympathetic branch of the ANS influences FHR to?
increase
the average difference in baseline FHR b/w 30 & 40 weeks is?
10bpm
usually 5-6; 10 is closest
Fetal blood is most highly oxygenated in the?
Ductus Venosous
An abrupt rise in fetal bp can stimulate?
variable decels
During an acute episode of fetal hypoxemia, fetal blood flow is redistributed primarily to the?
brain
Over the course of pregnancy, the FHR baseline?
decreases
FHR variability is dependent upon?
cerebral oxygen and intact CNS
chemoreceptors respond mainly to?
hypoxemia
pH: 7.22
pCO2: 50
HCO3: 24
BE: -3
normal acid-base status
(if pH is normal, answer is normal)
Fetal respiratory academia is indicated by a pH of 7.04 and a PCO2 of?
60
pH: 6.98
PCO2: 49
HCO3: 16
BE:-16
metabolic acidemia
pH: 7.04
pCO2: 80
HCO3: 22
BE: -4
respiratory acidemia
Fetal metabolic acidemia is indicated by an umbilical artery cord blood gas pH of 6.94 & BE of?
-12
Decels that occur with <50% ctx:
intermittent
An acceleration of FHR that is elicited during fetal scalp stim indicates a fetal pH of at least?
7.19
FHR characteristic most predictive of a vigorous baby at birth is?
variability
EFM tracing w/ absent variability and recurrent late decels would be categorized as?
abnormal (cat 3)
likely cause of fetal tachy w/ moderate variability in a term fetus?
maternal fever
FHR pattern likely to develop w/severe fetal anemia?
sinusoidal
marked variability is mediated by?
adrenergic activity
during 1st stage of labor for women w/ no risk factors, efm should be reviewed every?
30 min.
during 1st stage of labor for women w/complications, EFM should be reviewed every?
15 min.
during 2nd stage labor for women requiring oxytocin, EFM should be reviewed every?
5 min.
in any 10 minute sequence of FHR tracing, minimum baseline duration must be at least?
2 min.
if baseline FHR is indeterminate, refer to prior?
10 min. window
Baseline FHR variability is classified as?
absent, minimal, moderate, marked
primary goal in treatment of late decels?
maximize uteroplacentel blood flow
Rationale for low dose oxytocin protocol?
half-life of oxytocin
Initiate treatment for recurrent late decels w/ moderate variability during 1st stage?
maternal repositioning
FHR pattern likely to develop w/ severe fetal anemia?
sinusoidal
most consistent clinical sign of uterine rupture during tolac?
recurrent decels of bradycardia
loss of FHR variability can result from?
medication administration
IV stadol may result in?
transient sinusoidal (pseudosinusoidal)
When using a doppler to determine FHR, autocorrelation:
compares successive reflective US waveforms at many points
Sustained SVT increases fetal risk for:
CHF (hydrops)
toco detects changes in?
the shape of the uterine wall
fetoscope works by detecting?
sound of opening/closing of heart valves
short r-to-r intervals in fetal egg is indicative of?
tachycardia
most common fetal arrhythmia?
PAC
Fetal hydrops may develop w?
paroxysmal atrial tachy
complete heart block increases fetal risk for?
neonatal pacemaker
reactive NST in term fetus requires?
2 access 15×15 w/I 20 min.
in the BPP the chronic marker is?
AFV
most commonly cited source of adverse outcome during labor?
communication failure