CIDESCO Practice Exam 2023 Questions and Answers (Verified Answers)
In an isometric muscle exercise the joints are
Not moved in spite of tightening and relaxing the muscles
A figure assesement should be carried out
Every 6 treatments
An abnormailty of the vertebral column which gives a humped back appearance is
Kyphosis
The use of a plumb line in a figure correction is important to
Assess postural defects
Cellulite is caused by a disorder of the
Connective tissue
An example of a carbohydrate is
Glucose
Which one of the following foods has the lowest calorific value per gram?
Milk
The main function of carbohydrates in the body is to
Provide a source of energy
The main function of protein in the body is
For growth and repair of body tissue
Which one of the following foods has the highest calorific water per gram?
Butter
Which of the following foods does NOT have to be broken down into smaller units before it can be absorbed into the blood?
Vitamins
Protective food substances required by the body are
Vitamins
Which one of the following is a water-soluble vitamin?
B
A diet which consists of milk only does not contain
Iron
Professional ethics are
A system of rules that tell professionals how they should behave
The responsibilities of an aestheticienne to her clients include
Keeping personal matters confidential
The responsibilities of an aestheticienne to her employer include
Taking pride in maintaining a good reputation for the business
The responsibilities of an employer to her employees include
Expressing professional pride in employees regarding the quality of their performance
A good relationship with the medical profession can be developed and maintained by
Recommending clients with contra-indications to visit their doctor
An aestheticienne can maintain good relations with colleagues in her profession by
Exchanging information and being helpful to each other
An aestheticienne can maintain a good relationship with the media by
Regularly providing the media with news of her profession
An electrical treatment that uses sound waves is
Audio sonic
An electrical treatment that is used for toning muscles is
Inferential
The effect of a laser treatment can be to
Help remove tattoos
The main purpose of a brush machine is to
Remove dead cells from the skins surface
Vacuum suction treatment should not be used on
An inflammed skin
Desincrustation is a treatment mainly used on
Oily skins
The infra-red lamp should NOT be used on a skin that
Has dilated capillaries
During the first part of desincrustation, the positive pole of the galvanic unit should
Be held in the clients hand
A contra-indication to vacuum suction treatment is
A spider naevus
A method of forcing water soluble substances into the skin using an electric current is
Iontophoresis
Permanent hair removal takes place by
Electrical epilation
Lymph drainage is performed correctly if the beauty therapist gives
Pumping movements on the tissue
Intermittent pressure is used to
Remove liquid out of the muscle tissue
Which one of the following statements is correct?
Warm water and vapour cause hyperaemia in the skin resulting in an increased glandular activity
The main effect of desincrustation is the
Production of alkali at the cathode
Ozone is formed during
High frequency machine
A usual purification of the skin is performed
With steam or steam and herbs
A galvanic current is used during
Desincrustation
The massage movement in which the skin is grasped between the thumb and forefinger is called
Petrissage
Strengthening weakened muscles of facial expression can be best achieved using
Finger tapotements
A contra-indication to a full body massage is
A recent removal of malignant tissue
Frictions, small circular movements performed with pads of thumbs or fingers are most effective
Around joint areas
The purpose of friction movements is to
Disperse local pockets of oedema
Rapid muscle contractions in the therapists hands produce the massage movement known as
Vibration
The most stimulating massage movement is
Tapotement
A heavy jaw outline with much fatty tissue can be treated with
Tapotements and petrissages
In case of fluid accumulation under the eyes, the so called bags
Give a drainage from the nose eye corner towards the temporal bone
Tapotement particularly influence
Muscle tone
The medium used during a full body massage is
Oil
When giving a massage, hand mobility is important for maintaining a
Regular rhythm
If it becomes necessary for the therapist to interrupt a massage treatment, the hands should
Be feathered off the clients body
When giving a massage, it is important that the client be
Fully relaxed
For freedom of movement and to reduce fatigue, it is important for the therapist to
Maintain correct posture
A treatment used on the feet to release toxins and improve circulation is
Reflexology
A client should cleanse her skin to
Remove surface dirt
A client should tone her skin to
Remove excess cleanser
The main aim of skin cleansing is to
Remove surface dirt and make up
Which one of the following is NOT a method of cleansing the skin
Astringent lotion
The qualities of a skin cleanser are that it should
All of the above
Advice that should be given to a client for skin cleansing at home
Cleanse and tone twice a day
Which of the following statements are correct?
1 is correct and 2 is incorrect
Which of the following statements are correct?
Both are incorrect
The function of deodorant is to
Prevent body odour
The active ingredient of a deodorant is
An antiseptic
The action of a deodorant is to
Control the bacteria responsible for body odour
The function of an anti-perspirant is to
Reduce the amount of sweat on the skin
The active ingredient of an anti-perspirant is
Aluminium salts
The action of an anti-perspirant is to
Constrict the sweat pores
Microbiology is the
Scientific study of micro-organisms
Which one of the following statements is NOT correct?
Bacteria are smaller than viruses
The temperature at which pathogenic bacteria grow best is
37
Bacteria are
Single cell micro organisms
Which one of the following is the smallest micro organism?
Virus
Viruses are
Very tiny organisms that multiply in living cells
Fungi are
Vegetable type micro organisms lacking chlorophyll
A skin disease caused by bacteria is
Impetigo
A skin disease caused by a virus is
Herpes zoster
A skin disease caused by fungi is
Tinea capitas
A parasite is
An organism that feeds in or on another living organism
The skin disease caused by lice is called
Pediculosis
The skin disease caused by an itch mite is called
Scabies
An infection is
The invasion of any living organisms by disease-causing micro-organisms
Contagious mean
Capable of transmitting infection
Which one of the following is the most ideal method of steralisation against Hep B?
Steam under pressure – autoclave
Sanitisation means
The process that destroys most micro organisms
A disinfectant is
A chemical that helps to kill disease producing micro organisms
AIDS
Is a disease in which a virus destroys lymphocytes
AIDS is caused by
A virus
Hepatitis means
Inflammation of the liver
Hepatitis B is caused by
A virus
Separation of a nail plate from its nail bed is called
Onycholysis
The name of the nail condition in which there are deep horizontal ridges is
Beau’s lines
The name given to white spots on the nail is
Leuconychia
The name given to a fungal infection of nails is
Tinea Unguium
The name of the nail condition in which there is pitting is
Psoriasis
Herpetic whitlow is recognized as
Inflammation and swelling of the tissue surrounding the nail
Hang nail is recognised as
A strip of skin at the side of the nail
The condition in which a nail is thick and brittle with white powdery deposits is called
Tinea Unguium
Herpes Zoster
Affects the nerves
A wart is caused by
A virus
Which one of the following skin diseases is caused by a fungus?
Ringworm
A skin infection where small depigmented areas are seen, particularly on tanned skin is
Tinea Versicolour
A skin infestation in which burrows are seen and which is very itchy is
Scabies
A congenital skin disorder
Psoriasis
A skin disease caused by disorder of keratinisation is
Ichthyosis
Ichthyosis is a skin disease in which there is
Disorder of the keratinisation process of the skin, during which coarse scales are formed
Stretch marks result from
Degeneration of the connective tissue
Skin analysis means
To find out the clients skin type
The most important purpose of skin analysis is
To find out clients skin type so that the correct treatment can be carried out
Information required for a skin analysis is obtained and recorded
By the beauty therapist on a consultation card
Skin condition and skin types are accessed by
Cleansing, looking through a magnifying lamp and analysing
A therapist uses a magnifier
To analyse the skin correctly
The skin acts as a sensory organ because it contains
Nerve endings
The skin can absorb oily substances
Through the hair follicle
Which of the following statements is correct?
Lipids are absorbed into the skin through the epidermis
The skin is an excretory organ because it excretes
Sweat
When the skin is exposed to sunlight it produces
Vitamin D
The layer of the epidermis in which the cells are fully keratinsied is the
Stratum corneum
In the epidermal layer of skin, which one of the following is the superficial layer containing 25 – 30 rows of dead, keratinised epithelial cells?
Stratum corneum
New cells of the skin are produced at the
Stratum germativum
Keratinisation of the epidermis starts in the
Stratum spinosum
The tough waterproof material that provides cells in the outer layer of skin with a protective quality is
Keratin
Melanin granules are found in the
Stratum spinosum
Which one of the following structures CANNOT be found in the dermis of the skin?
Keratin
The dark pigment found in in the epidermis of skin is known as
Melanin
Melanocytes are found in the germinating layer of the epidermis, their products
Change under the influence of ultra violet radiation into melanin
The cells which make the skins pigment are called
Melanocytes
Melanin is
A pigment
A nail grows from
The matrix
The function of the nail cuticle is to
Prevent infection around the nail entering the nail fold
The hyponychium lies
Under the free edge
The nail plate can be divided longitudinally into
Nail root, nail body, free edge
Which one of the following parts of a growing hair consists of actively dividing cells?
Germinal matrix
The part of the hair which contains pigment is the
Cortex
The part of the growing hair follicle that is in contact with the hair is the?
Inner root sheath
Maintaining the acidity of the skin is necessary
To prevent bacteria attacking the skin
Which one of the following statments is correct?
The pH of the skin is normally slightly acid
Which one of the following glands are attached to some hair follicles?
Apocrine
Which one of the following is NOT found in the dermis?
Epithelial tissue
The solidity of the dermis is mainly due to
Elastic and collagen fibres
Which one of the following results in local vasodilation?
Histamine
The subcutaneous tissue is
Constructed from fat cells and fine fibres
The structural unit of all living organisms is
A cell
Histology is the study of
The microscopic structure of tissues
Which one of the following is NOT an example of a tissue?
Heart
The name for a collection of cells grouped together for a particular function is
Tissue
Tissues are composed of
Cells
Tissue specialised for movement is
Muscular
Tissue which provides support and protection and binds structures together is
Connective
The rapid co-ordination of many complicated body functions is carried out by
Nervous tissue
Impulses can be transmitted through the body by
Nervous tissue
Tissue found lining the surfaces of organ is
Epithelial
Flat, scale like epithelial cells are anatomically referred to as
Squamous
Which one of the following is NOT formed from connective tissue?
The epidermis
The characteristic tissue of skin glands is
Epithelial tissue
Which one of the following is NOT a function of epithelial tissue?
Contraction
Simple squamous epithelium is found
In the alveoli of lungs
Simple cuboidal epithelium is found
In kidney tubules
Which of the following organs is lined and stratified epithelium?
Mouth
A gland which produces its secretion as the entire cell disintegrates is known as
An holocrine gland
Tissue found supporting the organs is called
Connective tissue
An example of connective tissue is
Cartilage
Blood is a specialised kind of
Connective tissue
Which one of the following is NOT composed of dense connective tissue?
Adipose tissue
Loose connective tissue speacialising in fat storage is
Adipose tissue
Tendons are made of
Collagen
What type of connective tissue is found in the wall of an artery?
Elastin
The connective tissue which contains many collagenous fibres embedded within a firm matrix is
Cartilage
Connective tissue serving as a shock absorber in joints is
Cartilage
Cartilage that has a blush matrix and a few fibres is
Hyaline cartilage
The smallest structural unit in the human body is called the
Cell
The study of the structure of the body is called
Anatomy
The study of the function of the body is called
Physiology
The outer wall of a cell is called the
Cell membrane
Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA
Carries genetic information
Which of the following is the genetic material of the cell?
DNA
The main part of the cell which contains protoplasm is the
Cytoplasm
The nucleus of a cell is directly surrounded by
The nuclear membrane
The part of the cell in contact with its environment is the
Cell membrane
The part of the cell that controls the activities of the cell is the
Nucleus
The nucleus of a cell contains
DNA
The nucleus of a cell contains
Centrosomes
Meiosis is a process concerned with
Division of a sex cell
The process of cell division where the mother cell divides into two identical daughter cells is called
Mitosis
The phase of mitosis during which centrioles reach the ends of the cells is
Anaphase
The last stage of mitosis is known as
Anaphase
The phase of mitosis in which the chromatin of the nucleus forms chromosomes is
Metaphase
The phase of mitosis in which two identical daughter cells are produced is
Telophase
The phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes line up in the middle of a cell is
Metaphase
When a cell is dividing, the nucleus forms
Chromosomes
Which of the following is the phase between periods of cell reproduction?
Interphase
A human cell with 22 autosomes and a Y sex chromosome would be a
Sperm
Male reproductive cells contain
22 chromosomes and either X or Y chromosome
Each partner in a partnership assumes
Unlimited liability
When planning to open a skin care clinic, careful consideration must be given to the selection of the best
Location
In order to attract the attention of pedestrians, beauty centers should be clearly
Visible
An excellent location for a beauty salon is near a
Department store
A possible business area must be carefully investigated for potential
Clients
Business comparisons with other years are made possible by any analysis of
The balance sheet
The impression formed for the entire beauty salon usually is set by the
Reception area
In a well organised skin care clinic, it is important to have
A reception area
The largest expense item in operating a beauty center employing staff is usually
Salaries
The second most costly item in operating a clinic is usually
Rent
Legal third-party insurance and Professional Indemnity insurance for a salon covers
Injury to a customer in the salon during a treatment
Insurance policies are purchased by a beauty salon owners to protect themselves against being sued for
Malpractice
Cash that is received from a client should be entered in the
Daily accounting book
A document which gives details of cost of goods or services received is
An invoice
An accurate and efficient control of supplies can be maintained only by having an organised
Stock control
Accurate daily records permit the evaluation of
Business progress
To be effective, advertising must create
Desire
A comparatively inexpensive form of salon advertisement is
Local newspaper
A method of advertising most suitable for a beauty salon would be
In a local newspaper
A method of promoting a salon by free publicity would be
Inviting a journalist to visit the salon
A method of advertising a beauty salon would be to
Send out a direct mailing
A comparatively inexpensive method of promoting a salon is to
Work out a public relations strategy
The best form of promoting a beauty center is
Satisfied clients
Careless appointment booking methods often contribute to
Dissatisfied clients
Good telephone habits and techniques help to build up the clinic’s
Reputation
One of the most important use of the telephone in the beauty center is to
Make appointments for clients
An example of poor professional ethics is
Favouritism
The aestheticienne who gossips will lose the clients
Confidence
It is often a good idea for the esthetician to be a good
Listener
The services of an accountant MAINLY include
Draw up the balance sheet
The gland which controls the production of sex hormones is
The pituitary gland
Female reproductive organs are under control of
FSH & LH
A function of oestrogen is to
Increase secretion of follicle stimulating hormone
The change from a girl to an adult at puberty controlled by the hormone
Oestrogen
Ovulation usually takes place about
Fourteen days after menstruation
The hormone which converts the Graafian follicle to a corpus luteum is
Leuitenizing Hormone
The corpus luteum produces hormones under the influence
The pituitary gland
The corpus luteum
Is formed during every menstrual cycle
Progesterone levels fall
After degeneration of the corpus lutem
Which one of the following statements about is the uterus is INCORRECT?
Eggs are fertilised there
The lower narrow section of the uterus that opens into the vagina is called the
Cervix
A spermatozoono normally follows the following course
Vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tube
Fertilization occurs when
The nuclei of two gametes fuse
Which one of the following is NOT a characteristic of an egg or ovum?
Carries food for the embryo
Fertilization takes place in the
Fallopian tube
The function of amniotic fluid is to
Protect the embryo from jolts and knocks
The name given to the cell which is formed immediately after fertilization is
Zygote
The male gonads produce
Testosterone
Male hormones are produced in
The testes
Which one of the following statements about the uterus is INCORRECT?
Eggs are fertilized there
Fertilization of an ovum takes place in the
Fallopian tube
Hormones are NOT secreted by
The uterus
The effect of the contraceptive pills is to
Prevent menstruation
While using the contraceptive pill
Menstruation is stopped
The hormone which controls the change from a boy to an adult at puberty is
Testosterone
Which one of the following is NOT a hormone?
Pancreatin
Which one of the following does NOT act as an exocrine gland?
Pituitary gland
Acromegaly is most likely to occur in?
An adult
Acromegaly results from an increased function of the?
Pituitary gland
The hormone which acts on cells to increase amino acid uptake and protein synthesis is?
Growth hormone
ACTH influences the secretion of?
Cortisone
Anti-diuretic hormone is released by the?
Posterior lobe of the pituitary gland
Vasporessin (ADH) regulates
The amount of urine exerted by the kidneys
The hormone which regulates the bodys metabolism is?
Thyroxine
The element required by the thyroid gland for the production of its hormone is?
Iodine
Hormones that contain iodine are produced by the?
Thyroid
Cretinism is caused by a deficiency of the hormone
Thyroxine
When the plasma calcium level falls, parathyroid hormone secretion
Increases
The hormone secreted by the parathyroid gland regulates the
Level of calcium in blood plasma
In tetany there is a low blood level of?
Calcium
The islets of Langerhans are located in the?
Pancreas
Insulin in the blood controls the concentration of?
Glucose
A function of insulin is to?
Promote the uptake of glucose by the cells
Glucagon is a hormone produced by?
The alpha cells of the pancreas
A person with diabetes loses weight and tires easily because?
She is unable to metabolize blood sugar
A person with diabetes lacks
Insulin
A disease caused by a disorder of the pancreas is?
Diabetes mellitus
The adrenal glands are situated
On top of the kidneys
Which of the following is NOT caused by adrenaline?
Erection of hairs
The release of adrenaline
Increases blood glucose levels and heart rate
The endocrine gland that secretes a hormone which helps a person to react in a dangerous situation is the?
Adrenal gland
Oestrogen is produced in the?
Ovary
The gland which controls the production of sex hormones is?
The pituitary gland
Female reproductive organs are under control of?
F.S.H
A function of oestrogen is to?
Regenerate the endometrium
The change from a girl to an adult at puberty is controlled by the hormone
Oestrogen
Ovulation usually takes place about
Fourteen days after menstruation
The hormone which converts the Graafian follicle to a corpus luteum is?
Luteinising hormone
The corpus luteum produces hormones under the influence
The pituitary gland
The corpus luteum
Is formed during every menstrual cycle
Progesterone levels fall
After degeneration of the corpus luteum
Which one of the following statements about the uterus is INCORRECT?
Eggs are fertilised there
Fertilization of an ovum takes place in the?
Fallopian tube
Hormones are Not secreted by?
The uterus
The effect of contraceptive pill is to?
Prevent pregnancy
Which using the contraceptive pill
Ovulation does not take place
The hormone which controls the change from a boy to an adult at puberty is?
Testosterone
Impulses are transmitted throughout the body principally by
Nervous tissue
A neuron is?
Composed of a cell body, dendrites and an axon
The cell body of a sensory neurone is found in the?
Dorsal root of the spinal cord
The cellular process that carries a nerve impulse away from the cell body is the?
Axon
The process in which a nerve is stimulated is?
Chemical – electrical
An example of a neuro-transmitter is?
Acetylcholine
The central nervous system is made of
Brain and spinal cord
The white matter of the brain and spinal cord is composed of?
Axons
Voluntary muscles movements are controlled by?
The cerebrum
Neurons are found
In the cerebral cortex
The part of the brain concerned with memory is the?
Cerebrum
The part of the brain concerned with controlling respiration is the?
Medulla oblongata
The function of the medulla oblongata in the brain is to?
Control heartbeat and breathing rate
The part of the brain that directs precise, smooth movements and the maintenance of balance is the?
Cerebellum
The part of the brain which regulates posture and maintains the tone of muscles is the?
Cerebellum
The part of the reflex are which contains both sensory and motor nerve fibres is the
Spinal nerve
Which of the following is NOT an example of a reflex action?
Heart beating
A simple reflex are follows the following pathway
Sense organs – nerve – brain – nerve – muscle
A nervous stimulus enters the spinal cord via
The spinal ganglion and the posterior horn and leaves via the anterior horn
Which one of the following structures is the deepest layer of meninges?
Pia mater
The cerebrospinal fluid is found
In between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater
The trigeminal nerve is the?
5th cranial nerve
The facial nerve is MAINLY
A mixed nerve
The VAGUS nerve is cranial nerve number?
10
The vagus nerves are?
Autonomic
The last part of the spinal cord is called?
The cauda equina
The action of the autonomic nervous system helps to?
Innervate cardiac muscle, blushing and gland secretions
A function of the kidney is to?
Regulate the water content of the blood
Urea is excreted by the?
Kidneys
Which one of the following substances is NOT NORMALLY present in urine?
Glucose
Which one of the following statements is CORRECT?
More urine which is more diluted
Which one of the following is NOT removed via the kidneys in a healthy person?
Glucose
Urea is a waste product produced from?
Amino acids
Substances which should NOT be found in the glomerular filtrate are?
Blood cells and plasma proteins
The kidneys are generally located between the?
12th thoracic and 3rd lumbar vertebrae
The kidneys receive blood from the?
Renal artery
The functional unit of the kidney is the?
Nephron
The glomeruli are found in?
The renal cortex
After filteration in the nephron, urine contains?
Mineral salts
A function of the kidneys do NOT carry out is?
Storage of urine
Which one of the following is NOT a function of the kidney?
Removal of carbon dioxide in solution
The loop of henle is found mainly in the kidneys?
Medulla
In a kidney tubule, which part is responsible for absorbing water from the filtrate into the blood?
Loop of henle
The normal temperature of the human body is approximately
37 degrees
Which one of the following components is NOT present in tissue fluid?
Red blood cells
Which chemical is NOT transported in the liquid part of the blood?
Fibrin
The percentage of water in blood plasma is?
90%
Which component of blood transports oxygen?
Erythrocytes
Which of the following is NOT a component of human blood?
Fibroblasts
The cells responsible for the defence of the body are
White blood cells
The blood cells which do not have a nucleus are
Erythrocytes
Blood cells are formed in the
Bones
The destruction of red blood cells takes place in the
Liver
After birth, red blood cells are made in the
Bone marrow
Which one of the following minerals is used to produce haemoglobin?
Iron
The function of white blood cells is to
Destroy bacteria
The name of the substances which stimulate the production of anti-bodies in the blood is called
Antigens
The component of blood responsible for the manufacture of antibodies is
Lymphocytes
The substance produced in the body which destroy or neutralise foreign substances are called
Antibodies
Defence against antigens does NOT take place by
Erythrocytes
The component of blood mostly concerned with the control of infection is
White blood cells
The component of blood which plays an important role in clotting is
Platelets
The primary function of thrombocytes is to
Play a role in blood clotting
Which vitamin causes an increase in clotting time of blood when it is deficient?
K
When blood clots, the soluble substance which becomes insoluble is called
Firbrinogen
The following proccesses occur after blood has come into contact with damaged tissue..
- Thrombokinase produced by platelets
- Thrombin combines with fibrinogen
- Production of fibrin net
- Calcium and prothrombin combined
The correct order in which they appear is?
1 4 2 3
Calcium in the blood is necessary for
Blood coagulation
Dexoygenated blood enters the heart by the
Right atrium
The name of the cavity in which the heart lies is called the
Pericardial cavity
When ventricles of the heart contract the
Aortic and pulmonary valves open
Blood is prevented from returning to the ventricles after they have completed their contractions by the
Semilunar valves
Which one of the following chambers of the heart pumps blood to the lungs
Right ventricle
The average rate of heart beat of a healthy adult in rest in number of beats per minute is
70
The right ventricle and the left atrium are connected by the
The pulmonary circulation
The blood vessel which has thick muscular walls and carries de-oxygenated blood is the
Pulmonary artery
The right ventricle of the heart
Is the beginning of the pulmonary circulation
After leaving the right ventricle, blood is pumped to the
Pulmonary artery
A characteristic that CANNOT be applied to veins is that they
Always carry blood away from the heart
An INCORRECT statement about arteries is that they
Have valves
A characteristic of ALL arteries (except pulmonary arteries) is that they
Transport blood rich in oxygen
Arteries
Have an elastic wall
The muscle tissues located within the calls of the blood vessels is
Smooth muscle tissue
The blood vessel that collects blood from the digestive organs is the
Hepatic portal vein
The extremely thin walls of capillaries are made of
Only endothelium
Tissue fluid leaves the capillaries by
Diffusion
The function of capillaries is NOT for the purpose of the
Destruction of antigens
The lymphatic vessel that gathers most of the lymph is the
Thoracic duct
The liquid which carries dissolved substances from capillaries to cells and back is
Tissue fluid
Marcophages are lymphocytes that filter lymph are situated in the
Lymph nodes
Fat is transported through the circulatory system by
Lymph
The fluid between the cells is driven along by
Pressure from the contracting muscles around them
The location of the spleen is
To the left of the body under diaphragm
After leaving the left ventricle , blood flows from the heart to the
Aorta
The name of the vessel taking blood from the stomach to the liver is called the
Hepatic portal vein
The blood vessel which discharges into the right atrium is the
Inferior vena cava
The blood vessel NOT connected to the liver is the
Inferior vena cava
Which one of the following statements is INCORRECT?
The blood vessel connecting the aorta to each kidney is the renal vein
Which one of the following statements is INCORRECT? Blood flows?
From the aorta to the head in the jugular vein
Which one of the following statements about blood is INCORRECT?
Takes urea from the kidneys to the liver
Blood is carried to the liver through the
Hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein
The name of the vessel that takes blood from the liver to the vena cava is the
Hepatic vein
The mineral salt which makes up a large proportion of bone tissue is?
Calcium phosphate
The part of a long bone in which new erythrocytes are produced is the?
Red bone marrow
The connective tissue covering the outer surface of bone is known as?
Periosteum
The name of the process by which cartilage tissue is turned into bone tissue is?
Ossification
The growth in length of a long bone takes place from
The epiphyseal cartilage
The reabsorption of previously laid down bone is accomplished by
Osteoclasts
The two bones which form the crown and sides of the cranium are the
Parietal bones
The roof of the eye socket is formed by the
Frontal bone
The bone at the back of the skull is the
Occipital
The vertebrae which articulate with the ribs are called?
Thoracic
The vertebrae which have large neural spines to give attachment to powerful back muscles are the
Lumbar
The joint between the atlas and the axis is?
A pivot joint
The ribs are movably connected to?
The thoracic vertebrae
The number of pairs of ribs in the body is?
12
The shoulder blade is known as the
Scapula
The names of the two bones articulating in the ball and socket joint of the upper arm are the
Humerus and scapula
The correct name for the collar bone is the
Clavicle
Which one of the following bones would be classified as a short bone?
Carpal
The hand consists of … A… carpals and … B … metacarpals
A: 8 B: 5
Which one of the following is the odd bone out?
Patella
The type of joint found at the knee is the
Hinge
Which one of the following does NOT have any moveable joints?
Cranium
An example of a fixed joint is?
The bones of the skull
In the hip, the synovial membrane lines the
Ligament of the head of the femur
“Front” and “back” are equivalent to
Anterior and posterior
“Up” and “down” are equivalent to
Superior and inferior
A sagittal plane divides the body into
Left and right parts
A transverse plane divides the body into
Superior and inferior parts
The function of external respiration is?
To carry oxygen into the blood and remove carbon dioxide from it
Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli to the capillaries because the?
Concentration of oxygen is lower in the capillaries
Oxygen passes from blood into tissues, and carbon dioxide passes from tissues into the blood by a process known as
Diffusion
The approx percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere is
20%
Which one of the following statements is INCORRECT?
Exhaled air is dryer than atmospheric air
Exhaled air contains
More oxygen than carbon dioxide
The brain regulates breathing rate DIRECTLY by?
The concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood
A CORRECT combination of breathing activities is ?
Diaphragm lowered, ribs raised, air taken in
During inspiration
The diaphragm moves downwards
A disadvantage of breathing through the mouth is that the
Inspired air is purified insufficiently
The vocal chords are found in the?
Larynx
During swallowing, the wind-pope is closed by the?
Epiglottis
The tube in the respiratory system which carries air into the lungs is the
Trachea
The place where oxygen leaves the lung is called
Alveoli
Oxygen is taken into the blood from the
Alveoli
The exchange of gases during external respiration takes place in the
Alveoli
Which one of the following processes results in a release of energy in a living cell?
Respiration
External respiration is?
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs
The exchange of gases between air in the lungs and the blood is called
External respiration
Which form of radiation has the most antibacterial effect?
UV-C
Contagious means:
capable of transmitting infection
Hepatitis B is caused by:
a virus
Microbiology is:
the scientific study of microorganisms
An infection is:
the invasion o any living organism by disease causing microorganism
Sanitation is:
the process of making hygienic conditions
A disinfectant is:
a chemical that helps to kill disease producing microorgansims
AIDS is caused by:
a virus
The main aim of cleansing the skin is to:
remove surface dirt and makeup
Information required for a skin analysis is obtained and recorded by the:
by the beauty therapist on a consultation card
The medical term for a single permanently dialted capillary is:
telangiectasia
A slowing performed petrissage has a:
stimulating affect on muscle tissue
The main effect of desincrustation is the:
production of alkali at the cathode
The main purpose of a brush machine is to:
remove dead cells from the skin’s surface
An electrical treatment used for toning muscles is:
interferential
The infra-red lamp should not be used on skin that:
has dilated capillaries
Hair growing back in a stubble is often the result of:
shaving
A contraindication of a full body massage is:
recent removal of malignant tissue
In case of fluid accumulation under the eyes, the so called “bags”:
give drainage from the nose eye corner towards the temporal bone
When giving a massage, it is important that the client be:
lying down
An advantage of strip waxing compared to other methods of hair removal is that is:
it is the quickest method
An electrical treatment that uses sound waves is:
audio-sonic
Vacuum suction treatment should NOT be used on:
inflamed skin
In an isometric muscle exercise, the joints are:
not moved in spite of tightening and relaxing the muscles
Calamine is used in masks because it:
has a soothing effect
A base coat is used:
prior to the application of nail enamel
A hangnail is recognized as:
a strip of skin at the side of the nail
The function os a concealer in makeup is to:
cover areas of the face
The main traditional use of face powder is to:
set the foundation
Cleansing milk is an example of:
an emulsion
A wax of vegetable origin used in the making of lipstick is:
carnauba
An important characteristic of mascara is:
it should be non-irritant to the eyes
Which one of the following is an ionic compound?
- carbon dioxide
- methane
- sodium hydroxide
- water
sodium hydroxide
Which one of the following acids is most abundant in fats and oils from plants and animals?
- stearic acid
- lactic acid
- acetic acid
- hydrochloric acid
stearic acid
The thickness of a liquid is known as:
viscocity
The main function of an emollient is to:
soften the surface of the skin
Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) is found in:
self tanning products
Azulene is a substance obtained from:
the camomile plant
Natural moisturizing factor (NMF) contains:
amino acids
Water that contains large amounts of calcium and magnesium salts is called:
hard water
The main function of a day cream is to:
protect the skin against the environment
A mask ingredient that is capable of dissolving dead cells on the skin’s surface is:
sulfur
An important ingredient of hand lotions and hand creams is:
a humectant
Talc is one of the main ingredients used in:
face powder
The responsibilities of a beauty therapist to her clients include:
keeping personal matters confidential
Legal third party insurance and professional indemnity insurance for a salon covers:
injury to a customer in the salon during a treatment
Cash that is received from a client should be entered in the:
daily accounting book
A good relationship with the medical profession can be developed and maintained by:
recommending clients with contraindications to visit their doctor
When planning to open a skin care clinic, careful consideration must be given to the selection of the best:
location
A document which gives details of the most of goods or services received is:
an invoice
A method of promoting a salon by free publicity would be:
inviting a journalist to visit the salon
Careless appointment booking methods can often contribute to:
dissatisfied clients
For anything concerning a salon’s legal matters you must consult a:
lawyer
A skin infestation in which burrows are seen and which is very itchy is:
scabies
Keratinization of the epidermis starts in the:
stratum granulosum
The part of the hair which contains the pigment is the:
cortex
Maintaining the acidity of the skin is necessary to:
prevent bacteria from attacking the skin
Which one of the following results in local vasodilation?
- adrenaline
- thromboplastin
- acetylcholine
- histamine
histamine
The skin can absorb oily substances through:
hair follicles
When the skin is exposed to sunlight it produces:
vitamin D
Deep wrinkles in the skin are caused by:
changes in the structure of collagen fiber
The skin acts as a sensory organ because it contains:
nerve endings
Eyeliner is applied to the edges of the:
eyelashes
The function of mascara is to:
thicken eyelashes
The temperature at which pathogenic bacteria grows best is:
37* C
Bacteria are:
single cell microorganisms
Viruses are:
very tiny organisms that multiply in living cells
A skin disease caused by fungi is:
tine capitis
The skin disease caused by the itch mite is called:
scabies
What is the most ideal method of sterilization against hepatitis B?
steam under pressure – autoclave
Hepatitis means:
inflammation of the liver
A client should tone their skin to:
remove excess cleanser
Which one of the following is not a method of cleansing the skin?
- pore grains
- cleansing milk
- cleansing lotion
- astringent lotions
pore grains
The main advantage of waxing is to:
take hair out from the root
The hair shaft and the hair root are removed by:
depilatory wax
A contraindication to electrical epilation is:
a client with a pacemaker
The most important purpose of skin analysis is:
to find out the client’s skin type so that the correct treatment can be carried out
Information required for a skin analysis is obtained and recorded:
by the beauty therapist on a consultation card
Skin conditions and skin types are assessed by:
cleansing and loosing through a magnifying lamp and analyzing
A therapist uses a magnifier:
to analyze the skin correctly
An abnormality of the vertebral column which gives a humped back appearance is:
kyphosis
The use of a plumb line in figure correction is important to:
asses postural defects
Cellulite is caused by a disorder of the:
connective tissue
Skin is the thinnest on the:
eyelids
The color of skin in a healthy person is determined mainly by:
melanin
An ingredient of astringent is:
witch hazel
What ingredient is common in sunscreen?
octyl methoxycinnamate
Face masks are used on the skin because they:
leave the skin smooth and soft
The skin protects the body against microorganisms by:
producing an acid mantle
The skin regulates body temperature in hot weather by:
dilation of blood vessels
The main effect of sweating is to:
lower body temperature
The dark pigment found in the epidermis of the skin is known as:
melanin
The cells which make the skin’s pigment are known as:
melanocytes
What layer of the epidermis contains 25-30 rows of dead, keratinized epithelial cells?
stratum corneum
New cells of the skin are produced in the:
stratum germinativum
Keratinization of the epidermis starts in the:
stratum granulosum
Melanin is a:
pigment
The layer of the epidermis in which the cells are fully keratinized is the:
stratum corneum
The resting stage of the hair growth cycle is called:
telogen
An example of a bacterial skin disease is:
boils
The part of the growing hair follicle that is in contact with the hair is the:
inner root sheath
The germinal matrix of hair is part of which layer of the epidermis?
the basal layer
The growing stage of the hair growth cycle is called:
anagen
The stage of the hair growth cycle in which the follicle shortens is:
catagen
The stage of the hair growth cycle in which a club hair is formed is:
catagen
In skin, what glands are affected by sex hormones?
sebaceous glands
A method of forcing water soluble substances into the skin using an electric current is:
iontophoresis
A galvanic current is used during:
desincrustation
During the first part of desincrustation, the positive pole of the galvanic unit should:
be held in the client’s hand
A contraindication to the use of steam is:
rosacea
A necessary precaution that should taken in using electrical apparatus is to:
remoce jewelry from the client and the beauty therapist
The psychological effects of massage are:
sedates and uplifts client
A stroking method of massage is known as:
effleurage
The most stimulating effective massacre movement for blood circulation is:
tapotement
The massage movement in which the skin is grasped between the thumb and forefinger is called:
petrissage
Frictions, small circular movements performed with pads, thumbs, or forefingers, are most effective:
around the joint areas
Rapid muscle contractions in the therapists hands produce the massage movement known as:
vibration
The stimulating massage movement is:
tapotement
Tapotements particularly influence:
muscle tone
A treatment used on the feet to release toxins and improve circulation is:
reflexology
The impression formed for the entire beauty salon usually is set by the:
reception area
The second most costly item in opening a clinic is usually:
rent
An accurate and efficient control of supplies can be maintained only by having an organized:
stock control
To be effective, advertising must create:
desire
The best form of promoting a beauty center is:
satisfied clients
Careless appointment booking methods can often contribute to:
dissatisfied clients
Good telephone habits and techniques help to build up the clinic’s:
reputation
The responsibilities of an esthetician to their clients include:
keeping personal matters confidential
The responsibilities of an esthetician to their employer include:
taking pride in maintaining a good reputation for the business
The main lesion seen is psoriasis is the:
plaque
Keloids are formed by abnormal growth of:
collegen fibers
A wart is caused by a:
virus
A boil is caused by:
bacteria
Herpes zoster:
affects the nerves
An example of a skin disease caused by a fungus:
ringworm
A skin infection where small depigmented areas are seen, particularly on tanned skin is:
tine versicolor
An example of a congenital skin disorder is:
psoriasis
Stretch marks result from:
atrophy of epithelial tissue
A malignant tumor of epithelial tissue is called:
carcinoma
The main function of a carbohydrate in the body is to:
provide a source of energy
Which one of the following is a water soluble vitamin?
- A
- B
- D
- E
B
An example of a carbohydrate is:
glucose
What form of food doesn’t have to be broken down into smaller unit before it can be absorbed into the blood?
vitamins
Lack of vitamin C in a diet causes:
scurvy
The main function of a protein in the body is:
for growth and repair of body tissue
Protective food substances required by the body are:
fats
A deficiency of vitamin B2 causes:
pellagra
The vitamin essential for healthy teeth is:
D
Freeze drying a substance is known as:
lyophilisation
The breakdown of natural fats to produce soap is an example of saponification:
saponification
The process in which a liquid is boiled and the vapour is allowed to condense is called:
distillation
The property of becoming temporarily liquid when shaken or stirred is called:
thixotropy
An emulsion in which the parts are all the same size is called:
homogenous
An emulsion is:
a dispersion of one phase in another
The main ingredient in an oil-in-water emulsion:
water
The main ingredient in a water-in-oil emulsion:
oil
Which of the following has an emollient effect on the skin?
- witch hazel
- distilled water
- ethyl alcohol
- almond oil
almond oil
Which of the following is a humectant?
- ethyl alcohol
- methyl alcohol
- mineral oil
- propylene glycol
ethyl alcohol
A substance that repels water is called:
hydrophobic
The effect of camomile on the skin:
anti-inflammatory
The name given to the grease extracted from sheep’s wool:
lanolin
What ingredient is obtained from a succulent cactus like plant?
aloe vera
Which of the following is a white, solid, waxy substance?
- ethyl alcohol
- acetyl alcohol
- methanol
- isopropyl
acetyl alcohol
Volatile oils obtained from flowers and leaves are known as:
essential oils
A method of extracting essential oils from flowers and leaves is:
solvent extraction
Amino acids are used in cosmetics because they:
moisturize the skin
An ingredient of face masks that has strong absorbent properties is:
kaolin
Hydrogen peroxide is used as a bleaching agent because it is:
an oxidizing agent
Witch hazel is used in cosmetics as:
an astringent
An ingredient of anti acne products is:
vitamin A
Water can be softened in different ways. Not suitable is to:
add soda
Water that does not contain any other substances is:
distilled water
A mask ingredient that has a soothing effect and is used on mature or dry skin is:
almond oil
Matter is everything that:
occupies space and has weight
Melting is the change of matter from:
a solid to a liquid
An anion is:
a negatively charged atom
A characteristic of an acid is:
it can conduct an electric current
If the pH of a solution is between 5 and 7, the the solution is a:
weak acid
An organic acid contains the chemical group:
COOH
Hertz is a unit of:
frequency
Example of synthetic substances are:
plastics and silicones
The alterations of the properties of matter without the formations of any new substance is called a/an:
physical change
If a metal oxide is dissolved in water, it forms:
an alkali
A characteristic of organic acids is that:
they contain the element carbon (C)
A cathode is:
a negatively charged electrode
The unit of frequency is:
hertz
In the visible spectrum the colors in the correct order are:
red, orange, yellow and green
The effect of infrared rays on the skin is to:
warm the deeper layers of the skin
Ultraviolet radiation is absorbed:
mainly in the epidermis
Examples of insulators are:
plastics
The function of a transformer is to change:
the voltage of an alternating current to a different voltage
Characteristic of life include:
growth and metabolism
Examples of organic biological substances are:
carbohydrates and fats
Examples of mineral substances are:
paraffins and petroleum
Vaporization is the change of matter from:
a liquid to a gas
Sublimation is the change of matter from:
a solid to a gas
Condensation is:
the change of a vapor to a liquid
Science deals mainly with:
physics and chemistry
The field of physics includes:
heat and electricity
A cation is a:
positively charged sodium atom (Na+)
An electrolyte is a:
substance which, dissolved in water, splits into ions
An example of an electrolyte is:
salt solution
An acid is an electrolyte because:
it can conduct an electric current
pH can be decreased by:
increasing hydrogen ions
pH is:
the number of free H ions in a solution
The pH of distilled water is:
7
Lemon juice, with a pH reading of about 2, is considered to be:
acid
Substances having a pH value of about 9.5 are considered to be:
alkaline
The pH of the skin’s acid mantle is:
5.5
A characteristic of a weak acid is that:
it supports the natural pH of the skin
A characteristic of organic acids is that:
they contain the element carbon (C)
An anode is a:
positively charged electrode
In physics, radiation means:
the electromagnetic waves in space
In physics, frequency means:
the number of times per second an electromagnetic wave can change direction
Invisible rays which can be used in beauty therapy are:
infrared and ultraviolet rays
Infrared radiation:
is invisible and can be felt
Infrared rays can be used in beauty therapy for:
warming
The effects of infrared rays on the skin is to:
warm the deeper layers of the skin
An indication for a treatment with infrared rays is:
a poor blood circulation in the skin
The power of an electrical appliance is measured by its:
wattage
A contraindication to treatments with infrared radiation is:
a skin showing telangiectasis on the cheek
Infrared radiation is used to:
warm tissues before massage
Which type of radiation has the most antibacterial effect?
UV-C
Ultraviolet radiation is mainly absorbeed:
mainly in the epidermis
Skin cancer is mostly caused by:
UV
Examples of solid conductors are:
metals
Examples of liquid conductors are:
fluids in which ions are present
An example of an insulator is:
rubber
The strength of an electric current is measured by its:
amperage
The pressure of an electric current is measured by its:
voltage
The unit of electrical resistance is:
ohm
Chemistry is the study of:
the composition of substances and their effects on one another
Organic matter is the study of all substances containing:
carbon
An atom is electrically natural because it has:
the same number of protons and electrons
An atoms contains:
postive protons, uncharged neutrons and negative elections
The nucleus of an atoms contains:
protons and neutrons
A substance which chemically cannot be broken down into simpler substances is called:
an element
The chemical symbol for iron is:
Fe
The smallest part of a compound which still has the same properties of that compound is:
a molecule
Which of the following is not a compound?
- water
- salt
- carbon dioxide
- air
air
Which of the following is an ionic compound?
- carbon dioxide
- methane
- sodium hydroxide
- water
sodium hydroxide
Which one of the following is a covalent compound?
- carbon dioxide
- sodium chloride
- potassium hydroxide
- magnesium carbonate
carbon dioxide
Rusting of iron is caused by:
oxidation
The valency of oxygen is:
2
Which machine for treatments in beauty therapy supplies galvanic current?
a machine for iontophoresis
The meaning of iontophoresis is:
to force cosmetic ingredients deeper into the skin
The meaning of desincrustation is:
to remove substances from the skin’s surface
Desincrustation to remove substances from the surface of the skin is done with a:
galvanic machine and cathode as the active electrode
The smallest structural unit in the human body is called the:
cell
The study of the structures of the body is called:
anatomy
The study of the functions of the human body:
physiology
The outer walls a cell is called the:
call membrane
Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA:
carries genetic information
What carries the genetic material of the cell?
DNA
The main part of the cell which contains protoplasm is the:
cytoplasm
The nucleus of the cell is directly surrounded by:
the nuclear membrane
The part of the cell in contact with its environment is the:
cell membrane
The part of the cell that controls the activities of the cell is the:
nucleus
The nucleus of a cell contains:
DNA
The nucleus of a cell contains:
nucleoli
Meiosis is a process concerned with:
division of sex cells
The process of cell division where the mother cell divides into two identical daughter calls is called:
mitosis
The phase of mitosis during which centrioles reach the ends of the cell is:
metaphase
The last stage of mitosis is known as:
telophase
The phase of mitosis in which the chromatin of the nucleus forms chromosomes is:
prophase
The phase of mitosis in which two identical daughter cell are produced is:
telophase
The phase of mitosis in which chromosomes line up win the middle of a cell is:
metaphase
When a cell is dividing, the nucleus forms:
chromosomes
Which phase of mitosis is the phase between periods of cell reproduction?
interphase
A human cell with 22 autosomes and a Y sec chromosome would be a:
sperm
Male reproductive cells contain:
22 chromosomes and either an X or aY chromosome
The structural unit of all living organisms is:
a cell
History is the study of:
the microscopic structure of tissues
The name for a collection of similar cells groups together for a particular function is:
tissue
Tissues are composed of:
cells
Tissues specialized for movement is:
muscular
Tissue which provides support and protection and binds structures together is:
connective
The rapid contraction of many complicated body functions is carried out by:
nervous tissue
Impulses can be transmitted throughout the body by:
nervous tissue
Tissue found lining the surfaced of organs is:
epithelial
Flat, scale like epithelial cells are anatomically referred to as:
squamous
The characteristic tissue of skin glands is:
epithelial tissue
Simple squamous epithelium is found:
in a alveoli of the lungs
Simple cuboidal epithelium is found:
in kidney tubules
Which of the following organs is lined with stratified epithelium?
- mouth
- stomach
- pancreas
- thyroid
mouth
A gland which produces it secretion as the entire cell disintegrates is known as:
a holocrine gland
Tissues found supporting organs is called:
connective tissue
An example of connective tissue is:
cartilage
Blood is a specialized kind of:
connective tissue
Loose connective tissue specializing in fat storage is:
adipose tissue
Tendons are made of:
collagen
What type of connective tissue is found in the wall of an artery?
elastin
The connective tissue which contains many collagenous fiber embedded within a firm matrix is:
cartilage
Connective tissue serving as a shock absorber in joints is?
cartilage
Cartilage that has a bluish matrix and few fibers is:
hyaline cartilage
All the chemical processes that take place in living organisms is known as:
metabolism
The metabolic process in which energy is liberated by the destruction of complex substances is known as:
catabolism
The metabolic process in which simple substances are converted into more complex compounds is known as:
anabolism
During a period of cell growth, what happens?
more anabolism than catabolism takes place
Metabolism takes place in:
the cytoplasm
The heat producing power of foods is measured in units of energy called:
joules
A joule is:
a unit of energy
The amount of energy used in a unit of time, by fasting, resting subject to maintain vital functions, is known as:
basal metabolic rate
The mineral salt which makes up a large portion of bone tissue is:
calcium phosphate
The part of a long bone in which new erythrocytes are produced is the:
red bone marrow
The connective tissue covering the outer surface of bone is known as:
periosteum
The name of the process by which cartilage tissue is turned into bone tissue is:
ossification
The growth in length of a long bone takes place from:
the epiphyseal cartilage
The reabsorption of previously laid down bone is accomplished by:
osteoclasts
The two bones which form the growth and sides of the cranium are the:
parietal bones
The roof of the eye socket is formed by the:
sphenoid bone
The bone at the back of the skill is the:
occipital bone
The vertebrae which articulate with the ribs are called:
thoracic
The vertebrae which have large neural spines to give attachment to powerful back muscles are the:
lumbar
The joint between the atlas and the axis is:
a pivot joint
The ribs are movable connected to:
the thoracic vertebrae
The number of pairs of ribs in the body is:
12
The shoulder blade is known as the:
scapula
The names of the two bones articulating in the ball and socket joint of the upper arm are the:
humerus and scapula
The correct name for the collarbone is the:
clavicle
The hand consists of ………. carpals and ………. metacarpals:
8 carpals and 5 metacarpals
The type of joint found at the knee is:
hinge
What part of the body doesn’t have any movable joints?
cranium
In the hip joint, the synovial membrane lines the:
ligament of the head and the femur
“Front” and “back” =
anterior and posterior
“Up” and “down” =
superior and inferior
A sagital plane divides the body into:
left and right
A transverve plane divides the body into:
superior and inferior parts
The main function of muscle tissue is to provide:
movement
Muscles allow movement to take place by:
contraction and relaxation
The contractive part of a muscle is the:
belly
Flexion of the hip joint is carried out by the:
rectus femoris
The muscle which flexes the thigh and the leg is the:
sartorius
The zygomatic arch gives origin to the:
masseter
The triceps are an example of an:
extensor
The face muscle which contract during smiling is the:
zygomaticus
The deepest chest muscles are the:
intercostals
The quadriceps muscles do what?
extends the knee
The zygomaticus muscle has its insertion on the:
skin of the corner of the mouth
The muscle which totally overs the shoulder joint is the:
deltoid
The muscle that lifts the left in the hip joint is the:
rectus femoris
A muscle that pulls up the corner of the mouth is the:
zygomaticus
The normal temperature of the human body is approximately:
37* C
Which chemical is transported in the liquid part of the blood?
fibrin
The percentage of water in blood plasma is:
90%
Which component of blood transports oxygen?
erythrocytes
What is not a component of human blood?
fibroblasts
The cells responsible for the defense of the body:
white blood cells
The blood cells which do not have a nucleus:
erythrocytes
Blood cels are formed in the:
bones
The destruction of red blood cells takes place in the:
liver
After birth, red blood cells are made in the:
bone marrow
Which mineral is used to produce hemoglobin?
iron
The function of white blood cells:
destroy bacteria
The name of substances which stimulate the production of antibodies in the blood is called:
antigens
The component of blood responsible for the manufacture of antibodies:
lymphocytes
The substances produced in the body which destroy or neutralize foreign substances are called:
antibodies
Defense against antigens does NOT the place by:
erythrocytes
The component of blood which plays an important role in infection:
white blood cells
The component of blood which plays an important role in clotting is:
platelets
The primary function of thrombocytes is to:
play a role in blood clotting
Which vitamin causes an increase in clotting time of blood when it is deficient?
K
When blood clots, the soluble substance which becomes insoluble is called:
fibrinogen
Calcium in the blood is necessary for:
blood coagulation
Deoxygenated blood enters the heart by the:
right atrium
The name of the cavity in which the heart lies is called:
pericardial cavity
When he ventricle of the heart contract, the:
aortic and pulmonary valces open
Blood is presented to the ventricles after they have completed their contractions by the:
semilunar valves
Which chamber of the heart pumps blood to the lungs?
right ventricle
The average rate of heartbeat of a healthy adult in rest in number of beats per minute is:
70
The right ventricle and left atrium are connected by the:
pulmonary circulation
The vessel that collects blood from the digestive organs organs is the:
hepatic portal vein
The blood vessel which has thick muscular walls and carries deoxygenated blood is the:
pulmonary artery
The right ventricle of the heart is the:
beginning of the pulmonary circulation
After leaving the right ventricle, blood is pumped to the:
pulmonary artery
A characteristic that cannot be applied to veins is that they:
always carry blood way from the heart
An incorrect statement about arteries is that they:
have valves
A characteristic of all artery (except pulmonary arteries) is that they:
transport blood rich in oxygen
Arteries have:
an elastic wall
The muscle tissue located within the walls of blood vessels is:
smooth muscle tissue
The extremely thin walls of capillaries are made of:
only endothelium
Tissue fluid leaves the capillaries by:
diffusion
The function of capillaries is not for the purpose of the:
destruction of antigens
The lymphatic sessile that gathers most of the lymph is the:
thoracic duct