3 types of straight lines used in haircutting
horizontal, vertical, diagonal
the body’s ability to destroy and resist pathogens
immunity
cape types in barbering
shampoo (waterproof) and haircutting
Cost for a Class A Barber certificate and renewal
$55
How often the Class A barber certificate is renewed
every 2 years
the process that destroys all microbial life including spores
sterilization
in this cut, all hair strands are cut to the same length at a 90 degree elevation, straight out from where the hair grows
uniform-layered cut
single-process haircolor
deposits color and lightens at the same time
loose skin tends to do this, and can result in nicks or cuts
push out in front of the razor
in a perm, this placement results from wrapping the hair at a 45 degree angle below the perpendicular (or 90 degree) base
off-base
parting subsections opposite from the elevation or direction the hair was cut to ensure the precision of the cut or blend
cross-checking
The essential elements in human hair are
carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur
partial or total removal of natural or artificial pigment from the hair
hair lightening
while the right hand holds and strokes the razor, the fingers of the left hand
gently stretch the skin in area being shaved
contact with broken skin, blood, body fluid, or other potentially infectious materials, as a result of an employee doing their duties
exposure incident
if you come across a client with head lice a barber should
stop services immediately and refer the client to a physician for proper care
in a second-time over shave what stroke is used, and how?
free hand stroke, across the grain
before you remove your gloves during an exposure incident
all tools and implements that were in contact with blood or body fluid must be thoroughly cleaned and immersed into hospital grade EPA registered disinfectant
application of hair color to hair that has not previously been colored
virgin application
hair conditioners’ pH range
3.0 to 5.5
technical term applied to any deformity of the nail
onychosis
the angle or degree a section of hair is held from the head for cutting, relative from where it grows
elevation
an acute bacterial infection of a hair follicle that produces a boil
furuncle
services that chemically change the hair’s natural wave pattern
chemical texture services
three types of chemical texture services
permanent waving, curl reformation, and relaxer
this removes any rough or uneven spots, and follows the first time over shave
second time over shave
generally, during chemical services, the more porous the hair
the less processing time
an accumulation of dry or oily flakes
scales
this type of cutting requires a steady hand and consistent use of the comb or hair pick
freehand clipper cutting
another term for pseudofolliculitis barbae
razor bumps
contagious disease that spreads from person to person
communicable disease
a barber must maintain moisture throughout the cut with this cutting technique
razor cutting
scabies is a highly contagious disease caused by
the itchmite
minute, involuntary muscle fiber attached to the base of the hair follicle
arrector pili muscle
gray, white and salt and pepper hair with a yellowish cast should be treated with
violet based colors
rehardens newly arranged disulfied bonds in a chemical texture service
neutralizer
this stroke glides away from you with the back of your hand away from you. wrist slightly bent and elbow up.
backhand stroke
tuft of hair that stands straight up
cowlick
what shaving stroke is used on stroke 5, 10, 13, and 14
reverse freehand stroke
a diffuser is used on
a blowdryer
what watt should bulb at a manicure table be
40
40 watt bulbs are used at a manicure table because
heat from higher bulb will interfere with manicuring and sculpted nail process
in the past, jars or containers used to disinfect were often incorrectly called
wet sanitizers
the art of arranging hair in a particular style that is suited to the cut given
hairstyling
tuberculocidal disinfectants are often referred to as
phenolics
hair with a compact cuticle layer that chemicals do not penetrate easily
resistant
known as the “one-length cut” because it looks as if the hair is all the same length
blunt cut
capable of destroying bacteria
bactericidal
in hair coloring, this is used to denote the different strengths of hydrogen peroxide
volume
in the level system the number representing the lightest hair color
10
in the level system the number representing the darkest hair color
1
where in the bearded area and what stroke is used for shaving stroke 5 (for right handed barbers it will be on the right side, and for left handed barbers it will be on the left side)
side of neck to the grain change and reverse freehand
hair that absorbs least amount of moisture. this type of hair may require a more alkaline solution than others
low porosity
approximate amount of hair that is made up of protein
90%
pseudofolliculitis barbae can occur on anyone, but people with this lineage are most often affected
mediterranean, african, hispanic, and jewish ethnicities
creates a chunkier effect than point cutting. produced by positioning shears at a flatter angle to the hair ends
notching
haircut that consists of tapered sides and back, the top section gradually increases in length from crown to hairline. (it can be any length)
crew cut
processing time depends on this factor more than any other during chemical services
hair porosity
causes alopecia areata
auto-immune disorder – hair follicles are mistakenly attacked by the person’s own immune system and stops hair growth during the anogen phase
of the 14 shaving area, __ use the free hand
6
which specific strokes of the 14, during a shave use the free hand
1, 3, 4, 8, 11, 12
hair coloring results depend on the combination of
client’s natural hair color and artificial color that is added to it
if a barber establishment changes ownership, the new owner must apply for a license
within 30 days
the draping method for a chemical service
towel, drape, towel
the nails’ purpose
to protect the tips of fingers and toes
capable of destroying viruses
virucidal
number of shaving areas located on the right side of the face
5
abnormal hairloss
alopecia
which type of relaxer requires a neutralizer to be applied
thio relaxer
which type of relaxer does not require a neutralizer
hydroxide relaxer
where must an original barber, manicurist, barber technician permit be displayed?
in a conspicuous place adjacent to or near the work chair
refers to the heaviest perimeter of a 0 elevation or 45 degree cut
weight line
to be effective, the contact time for a 10% sodium hypochlorite solution
10 minutes
eyebrow and eyelash hairs are replaced
every 4 to 5 months
which hand should be kept dry during a shave, why?
left hand, to prevent hand from slipping on the face
the amount of pressure applied while combing and holding a section of hair for cutting
tension
when disinfection implements and surfaces you should always
wear gloves
motility
self movement
hydrogen peroxide is main ingredient in what, when referring to haircolor
developer
used alone on the hair, hydrogen peroxide can
produce a relatively mild lightening of the natural haircolor with minimal damage to the shaft
in a shave, stroke 2 and 7 are
the back hand stroke
chemically rearranges the basic structure of overly curly hair into a straighter hair form
chemical hair relaxing
you should not use a hot towel on
chapped, blistered, or sensitive skin
chemical products that destroy most bacteria, fungi, and viruses on surfaces
disinfectants
single-celled microorganisms that have bith plant and animal characteristics
bacteria
most men keep nails
fairly short
excessive production and accumulation of skin cells characterize this scalp disorder
pityriasis (dandruff)
harmless bacteria that may perform useful functions
nonpathogenic bacteria
hours required for manicurist course
600
hair wrapping, hair molding, finger waving, pin curls, and roller sets
examples of wet hairstyling
the ability of hair to absorb moisture
hair porosity
innermost layer of the hair
medulla
harmful microorganisms that can cause disease or infection in humans
pathogenic bacteria
slicing or weaving out a section to be placed in foil for highlightning
foil techinque
a line created naturally or with a comb
part
an effective attachment when rearranging or picking out very curly hair textures
diffuser attachment
the diffuser attachment on a blow dryer is good for
scrunching hair or manipulating curly or wavy hair with styling products
3 step process that is used to restructure very curly hair into looser and larger curls
curl reformation or soft-curl perm
the outer perimeter line of the haircut
design line
in shaving the word position refers to
the way the razor is held in the barber’s hand to perform a stroke movement
pityrasis capitis simplex is technical term for
classic dandruff
characteristics of pityraisis capitis
scalp irritation, large flakes, itchy scalp
3 mains strokes in a facial shave
freehand, backhand, reverse freehand
complete baldness on the scalp
alopecia totalis
folliculitis barbae and pseudofolliculitis barbae are inflamation of the hair follicles caused by
bacteria infection, viral infection, irritation, ingrown hairs
how often should a bleach cleaning solution be mixed
every 24 hours or when the solution has been contaminated
can be symmetrical or asymmetrical depending on the cutting lines and ratio of length to width of the overall style
balance
these are good to use in order to give clients a preview of how a hair color change will look, lor to enhance a color or add sliight color to gray
temporary color rinse
negative results in a patch test look like
no signs of redness or irritation
negative patch test results mean
you may proceed with the service
you should clean the disinfectant containers
daily
when cleaning disinfectant containers you should
wear gloves and follow manufacturer’s label instructions
refers to the methods used to eliminate or reduce the transmission of infectious organisms
infection control
hardened keratin plate that sits on and covers the nail bed
nail plate
state barber boards are primarily interested in maintaining high standards of
competency
the most sensitive areas on the face during a shave
adam’s apple and upper lip
has the smallest diameter of all hair strands. Generally more fragile, easier to process, and more susceptible to damage
fine hair
when starting a shave, the barber stands to the side of the client. What is the difference for left and right handed barbers?
right handed barbers stand on the right and left handed barbers stand on the left
organisms that grow, feed, and shelter on or inside another organism
parasites
although typically gentle, semi-permanent hair color requires
a patch test, to prevent product sensitivity or allergic reaction
the average hair density is approximately __ strands per square inch
2200
during a manicure a plastic bag should be taped or clipped here. why?
side of the table; to hold materials used during the manicure service
used to style hair when client desires to maintain the natural wave pattern of the hair, instead of temporarily straightening with a blow dryer and brush
diffused drying
this color has the largest color molecules found in hair coloring products
temporary hair color
what does the large size of the color molecules in temporary hair color do?
prevents penetration beyond the cuticle layer, producing only a coating of color on the hair strand
temporary hair color only causes a _ change
physical
marking the outer perimeter of a cut; around the ears, at sides of nape of neck. this usually makes the haircut look complete
outlining
in a 10% solution of sodium hypochlorite the percentage of water id
90%
two types of nonoxidizing hair color
temporary hair color, semipermanent hair color
hydroxide and thio relaxers cannot be compatible because
crossover of the two different relaxers will result in hair damage
can hydroxide and thio relaxers be compatible?
no – never use one where the other has been used prior
when must a barber permit be renewed
2 years from the month of issuance
small, cone-shaped elevation at the base of the hair follicle that fits into the hair bulb
dermal papilla
what determines the razor position and strokes that are needed to shave with the grain?
the direction of the hairgrowth
hair requires more strokes and heavier tapering than other textures to remove bulk
coarse, thick hair
disinfectants destroy most bacteria except
spores
how many shaving areas are there on the face?
14
to restore damaged hair to a healthier condition what should be used on it
hair conditioners containing lanolin or protein substances
this finger rests in the finger brace when using shears
the third or ring finger
when living cells form, they mature through a process known as
keratinization
hair density refers to
number of individual hair strands per square inch on the scalp
this is tucked into the neckband or laid across the chest during a shave. why?
paper strip or paper towel; to wipe the razor clean during the shave
organization that regulates and enforces safety and health regulations to protect employees within the work place
OSHA
form of finger styling that is typically used on curly hair to create a tousled look
scrunch styling
part of the hair enclosed within the follicle beneath the skin
hair root
primary and secondary colors that are positioned directly opposite each other on the color wheel
complimentary colors
the facial shape is determined by
the position and prominence of the facial bones
the main active ingredient, or reducing agent, in an alkaline perm
ammonium thioglycolate (ATG)
where the nail plate cells are formed
matrix
sever form of dandruff, characterized by the accumulation of greasy or waxy scales mixed with sebum
pityriasis steatoides
what must a barbershop display on the exterior of the building or premisis
any phrase containing the word “barber” (i.e. barbershop, barber salon, etc)
roller placement that produces the least amount of volume
off-base
short rod-shaped bacteria
bacilli
a licensee must notify TDLR of an address change
no later than 30 days following change
the cost of a booth renter permit for a Texas barber
$0 it is free
the highest level of decontamination
sterilization
tinea is the medical term for
ringworm
nails are part of what body system
integumentary sytem
the razor should be angled at this degree during a shave
30 degrees
newly formed cells in hair are filled with a fibrous protein called
keratin
chemicals used in a barbershop should be
properly labeled
before shaving a client a barber should
analyze the skin to ensure there is no infection, pustules, open wounds, or lesions
vellus hair islocated
on the eyelids, forehead, and bald scalps
unit of measurement used to identify the lightness or darkness of a color
level
puss-forming bacteria that are arranged in curved lines
streptococci
hydroxide relaxer can have a pH level as high as
13.5
the space between two lines or surfaces that intersect at a given point
angle
the main advantage to an acid-balanced perm
develops at room temperature
two most common type of relaxers
thio and hydroxide relaxers
disease-causing microorganisms that are carried by blood and body fluids, such as hepatitus
blood-borne pathogens
crescent of dead, colorless tissue attached to the nail plate around the base of the nail
cuticle
benefits associated with alkaline perms )cold waves)
strong curl pattern, fast processing time, room temperature processing
the “ringworm of the scalp”
tinea capitis
hair that absorbs product easily, it also fades quickly. typically feels rough, dry, or breaks easily
hair with high porosity
portion of living skin that supports the nail plate as it grows towards the free edge
nail bed
amino acids are joined end to end by chemical bonds known as
peptide bonds
hair is chiefly composed if this fibrous protein
keratin
bacteria can only be seen with
a microscope
preparations that contain __ can prevent ingrown hairs
salicylic acid
products containing salicylic acid help prevent ingrown hairs by
breaking up impactions and killing bacteria
3 classifications of hair texture
course, medium, fine
hair texture is measured by
diameter of the hair strand
the application of a relaxer begins where on the hair
the most resistant area (usually the back of the head and nape area)
process used to chemically restructure natural hair into a different wave pattern
permanent or chemical waving
hours required for a barber technician course
300
bacteria capable of producing a protective coating around them
bacterial spores
the average amount of hairs lost a day
75 to 100
in a shave stroke 1 and 12 are
freehand stroke
damaged hair should recive this before and after hair color applications
reconditioning treatments
these products contain a base cream designed to melt at body temperature and don’t require the a protective base be applied
no-base relaxers
autoimmune disorder that causes hair to fall out in round patches
alopecia areata
layer of the hair that needs to be penetrated for the hair to absorb color
cortex
basic true colors that cannot be created by combining other colors
primary colors
3 primary colors
red, blue, yellow
hydroxide relaxers permanently break _ bonds, to the point that they cnnot be reformed
disulfied bonds
condition of dry, scaly skin, characterized by absolute or partial deficiency of sebum
asteatosis
shampoo is
an oil-in-water emulsion
the pH range of shampoo is
4.5-7.5
how does razor cutting affect the hair in comparison to shear cutting?
results in sifter shapes with more movement
in a shampoo prior to a chemical service a barber should
avoid irritating the scalp
chemical process for reducing the number of disease causing germs on cleaned surfaces
sanitizing
process of treating gray or other resistant hair to facilitate better color penetration
pre-softening
before chemical texture services, you analyze the scalp to determine
if hair should receive a chemical service, and what types of products to be used
what 3 things does the strand test, test for
how the hair will react to the product, how long product will take to process, what final outcome should look like
even-all-over clipper cutting is most successful on what type of beard
beards with even texture and density
even-all-over clipper cutting should only be done on beards with even texture and density because
with other beards cutting an all over length can leave patches, especially in wavy hair
3 main benefits from a scalp steam
relaxes pores, softens scalp and hair, increases blood circulation
pH of an alkaline waving solution
9.0-9.6
5 conditions of the scalp
normal, oily, dry, presence of abrasions, presence of disorders
primary reducing agent in true acid waves
glyceryl monothioglycolate (GMTG)
out of the 14 shaving areas how many use the back hand
4
which specific strokes of the 14 strokes in a facial shave use the backhand
2, 6, 7, 9
characterized by dry, sulfur-yellow, cup-like crusts on scalp usually having a musty odor
tinea favosa
established by the angle of the fingers or comb when securing a section of hair for cutting
cutting line
thio-free waves have a pH range of
7.0 to 9.6
when perm rodding the use of end papers minimize
fish hooks
this elevation is used to create layers in longer hair
180 degree elevation
texturizers and chemical blowouts are usually performed with
a thio relaxer
how many general face shapes are there
7
the general face shapes are
oval, round, square, inverted triangle, pear-shaped, oblong, diamond
2 types of oxidizing hair color
demi-permanent and permanent hair color
chemical process that uses specific chemicals to destroy harmful organisms on implements and surfaces
disinfecting
during a double-process hair color service, the first process is
the lightening application
the mechanical process of using soap and water to remove all visible dirt, debris, and disease causing organisms
cleaning
the middle layer of the hair
cortex
this haircut is suitable for most hair texturesand is an even-all-over length
quo vadis
type of melanin that provides brown to black pigments
eumelanin
when you mix two equal amounts of two primary colors
secondary colors
in a perm, these are used when a definite wave pattern close to the head is desired
concave rods
the use of a comb or pick when freehand clipper cutting is important because
it helps remove excess hair that has been cut from previous section, and puts hair into place for the cut
the nail cuticles purpose
forms a seal between the eponychium and nail plate to prevent injury and infection
the purpose of the towel or neck strip during draping
to prevent the cape from having direct contact with the client’s skin
the invasion of body tissues by disease causing pathogens
infection
during a perm, the neutralizer should be applied where on the rod, and why
top and the bottom; to make sure hair is saturated and even distribution of the product
2 types of guides when cutting hair
stationary guide and traveling guide
uses heat to produce curls, waves, or straightened hair
thermal styling
normal hair loss in old age
alopecia senilis
sodium hydroxide should not be
left on the hair longer than 40% of the recommended processing time
moisturizes the hair and helps restore oils and proteins
hair conditioners
requires the application of a base cream to the entire scalp prior to the relaxer application
base relaxer
the barber’s hands should be where when stretching the skin, during a shave
behind the razor
when new growth occurs between new hair and previously colored hair
line of demarkation
how do you remove a line of demarkation with colored hair
apply permanent hair color to the new growth (retouch application)
why can a barber not shave someone if there are pustules, lesions, or infection on the face
doing so could spread infection to other parts of the face
during a chemical service, the hair must be neutralized so that these bonds in the cortical layer are permanently reformed
hydrogen and sulfur
this occurs as disulfied bonds are converted to lanthionine bonds when the relaxer is rinsed and hair is still at high pH level
lanthionization
lanthionization occurs during what chemical service
during a hydoxide relaxer
corrective hair treatments deal with the __ rather than the scalp
hair shaft
hair density is important to the design element when discussing balance because
differences in the thickness of the hair can make one side appear heavier or unbalanced
spiral or corkscrew bacteria
spirilla
these cutting lines build weight and are typically used to create a one-length look
horizontal lines (parallel to the floor)
4 basic haircuts in women’s haircutting
blunt, graduated, uniformed-layered, long-layered
in hair coloring the oxidizing agent that supplies oxygen gas for the development of color
hydrogen peroxide developers
where do you apply protective base cream
hairline and ears (can take 1/4 to 1/2 inch partings and apply to scalp – if directions instruct you to)
hair color products are categorized into these two categories
oxidative and nonoxidative color
in cutting, these lines remove weight and create layers within the hair cut
vertical lines (perpendicular to the floor)
round-shaped bacteria
cocci
complimentary color to blue
orange
how long should a barber’s shaving stroke be
1 to 3 inches
why should a barber’s shaving stroke be between 1 and 3 inches
to avoid shaving too far from the stretching point
pre-softening does this to the cuticle of the hair
softens and swells, so it can accept color better
the primary shave in a standard shave service is called
the first-time-over shave
these lighteners contain oxygen-releasing boosters for quick and strong lightening. they stay in place, won’t run or drip; they are typically too strong to use on the scalp.
powder lighteners
refers to the shape of the hair strand
wave pattern
tuberculocidal disinfectants are proven to kill
bacterium that causes tuberculosis
when coloring mustaches one should never use
analine derivatives
using aniline derivatives on facial hair can
cause serious irritation or damage to lips and delicate membranes of the nostrils
in a perm, this placement is achieved by wrapping the hair at a 45 degree angle past the perpendicular (90 degree) base
on-base
the process of thinning the hair to produce volume. the hair is cut using a sliding shear movement with the blades kept slightly opem
slithering
protein is made of chemical units called
amino acids
the outermost layer of hair
cuticle
the active disinfecting component in household bleach
sodium hypochlorite
during some perms this is applied prior to wrapping the hair around the rods
pre-wrap solutions
before a manufacturer can sell products for disinfecting surfaces, tools, etc, they must obtain
an EPA registered number
chronic inflammation of the skin in bearded areas caused by the ringworm fungus is known as
tinea sycosis
during a shave, when preparing the skin, steaming helps to
soften hair cuticle, provides lubrication by stimulating oil glands, relaxes the client
a scalp massage is most effective when
given in a series of treatments
scalp massage treatments be advised for
general scalp maintenance, to promote hair growth, to correct a scalp condition
can exist almost anywhere; skin, water, air, clothing, in secretions, decayed matter, etc
bacteria
the correct position to hold a hone
flat in the palm of your hand
points on the head that mark where the head or behavior of the hair change. used by the barber to establish proportional design lines.
reference points
when shaving areas 5, 10, 13, and 14 the barber is standing
behind the client’s right shoulder
technical term for dandruff
pityriasis
in mustache design, the size of the mustache should
correspond to the size of the clients features
determining factors in a tint back, for the selection of the tint shade
present condition of hair, present color of hair, final result desired, original hair color
the outline shape of a hairstyle
form
this cut has a wedge or stacked shape. it is created by cutting at a 45 degree elevation
graduated cut
do not do this during a tint retocuh
overlap over previously tinted hair
one key function of the barber board is to protect the health and safety of
the public
the most frequently encountered fungal infection resulting from hair services
tinea barbae
in a perm, this placement results from wrapping hair at an angle of 90 degrees to it’s base section
half-off base or half base
technical term for gray hair
canities
usually performed after the overall cut. creates special effects like spikes or a wispy look
texturizing
alopecia syphilitica is caused by
syphilis
ATG in alkaline perms is a compound of these chemicals
ammonia and thioglycolic acid
caused by pathogenic organisms that enter the body
infectious disease
effective in preparing the scalp for massage manipulations and treatments
scalp steam
emery board is an example of this type of file
abrasive file
has a raised cuticle layer that easily absorbs chemical solutions
porous hair
quaternary ammonium compounds are also known as
Quats
when holding or stretching the skin to create the correct shaving surface for the razor
hold the skin firmly; not too loosely nor too tightly
all forms of tinea are highly
contagious
the 4 volume options in hair coloring are
10, 20, 30, and 40 volume
what is the most common volume used in hair coloring
20 volume
20 volume covers grays and lightens
1 to 2 levels
30 volume achieves up to how many levels in one step
up to 3 levels
10 volume is primarily used with what type of hair color
demi-permanent; when not much lightening is needed
quats are designed to disinfect
nonporous surfaces
the three main layers of the hair shaft are
cuticle, cortex, medulla
the technical term for “barber’s itch”
folliculitis barbae
capable of destroying molds and fungi
fungicidal
2 methods for shampooing
inclined and reclined
most commonly used method for shampooing
reclined
2 important functions of neutralization during chemical services
deactivates any waving solutions that remains after rinsing and rebuilds disulfied bonds that were broken and rearranged by waving solution
4 techniques of women’s hairstyling
wet setting, hair wrapping, styling with blow dryer, styling with curling iron
extremely alkaline product that can process too quickly if it is not used correctly
sodium hydroxide
in a shave, stretching the skin too tightly cam cause
irritation
this moves along with each section of hairs as the cut is made
traveling guide
begins with hair lightening service followed by either a tint or a toner
double-process haircolor
dual purpose haircoloring products that are able to create a color base and equalize excessive porosity
color fillers
guide used for creating an overall one-length cut at the perimeter of a haircut
stationary guide
a barbershop permit costs
$60
term used to describe coloring hair back to it’s natural hair color
tint back
oxidizers that stop the action of permanent wave solutions and rebuild disulfied bonds
neutralizers
contain a liquid for disinfecting purposes only, not cleaning
disinfectant containers
highest point on the head
apex
a patch test should be performed behind the ear or
on the inner part of the elbow
a patch test should be done how far in advance of the service
24-48 hours
gradually increasing the length of the hair without any lines of demarcation, gaps, or steps
tapering
wooden tool used to loosen the cuticle around the base of the nail or clean under the free edge
wooden pusher or orangewood
the warmth or coolness of a color
tone
there are __ types of melaninin the hair
2
term for covering the client’s skin and clothing with a cape
draping
the physical characteristics to consider during a nail service
shape of hands, length of fingers, shape of cuticles, type of work client does
visible portion of the nail matrix
lunula
determines the speed with which moisture is absorbed into the hair. it is directly related to the condition of the cuticle layer
porosity level
the 2 types of disinfectants used in the barbershop
hospital grade disinfectants and tuberculocidal disinfectants
research confirms that dandruff is the result of this fungus
malassezia
basic name for a color
hue
this type of hair has unique characteristics that may require special styling techniques
overly curly
hospital disinfectants control the spread of
disease
lighteners are available in these forms
cream, oil, powder
when stronger astringents are too harsh for sensitive skin you should use
pH balanced fresheners or toners
you put this in a finger bowl to eliminate germs on clients’ fingers during a manicure service
antibacterial soap
chemical germicides formulated for use on the skin
antiseptics
to test the heat level of a thermal straightener you
place a piece of misted tissue between the plates. it is safe if moisture evaporates without scorching
average growth rate for the nail of a normal adult over a month’s time
1/10 of an inch
after the hair is at it’s desired level through lightening, the color left in the hair is known as it’s
contributing color
wet styling technique that involves shaping and directing the hair into an s pattern using fingers and styling lotion
finger waving
another name for a nail file
emery board
what should be done with an emery board after each use
discarded or given to the client
when cutting below the fingers along the perimeter, the back sections should be parted into horizontal sections this thick
1/4 to 1/2 imch
the 3 components to a curl reformation service
waving lotion, rearranger, neutralizer
a curl reformation process has how many steps
3
this cut consists of increased layering that is achieved by cutting the hair at a 180 degree elevation
long-layereed cut
effective for cleaning blood and body fluids from nonporous surfaces
hospital grade disinfectants
this goes over the headrest during a shave
towel or some type of barrier
what is terminal hair
long course hair
where is terminal hair found
scalp, arms, legs, and bodies of males and females
when mixing disinfectants with water, you always add the disinfectant to the water. why
to prevent foaming, which van result in an incorrect mixing ratio
the pinky finger rests on this part of a razor
the tang
this provides natural hair color that range from red and ginger to light blonde and yellow
pheomelanin
when washing your hands you brush under you nails
horizontally back and forth under the free edges with a nail brush
help to soften coarse hair and make it more managable
relxers
side binds account for what in the hair
strength and elasticity
the 3 types of side bonds are
hydrogen, salt, disulfied
the technique of drying and styling damp or wet hair in one step
blow dry styling
disinfects implements with fine and cutting edges
70% ethyl alcohol or 90% isopropyl alcohol
during a perm the end papers need to do this to prevent fish hooks
extend beyond the ends of the hair to keep them smooth and straight
of the 14 shaving areas how many use the reverse freehand stroke
4
of the 14 shaving areas which ones specifically use the reverse freehand
5, 10, 13, 14
equal or appropriate proportions that create symmetry and harmony in a design
balance
avoid contact with these on skin and in eyes
disinfectants and pesticides
portion of the hair that we see above the skin’s surface
hairshaft
the disinfectant container you choose must be what size
large enough to contain all the items needing disinfectant to be completely covered
to achieve a proper cutting stroke
razor should be positioned at a slight angle, gently moving forward with the point of the razor leading
chemical blowouts and relaxers can help make overly curly hair more manageable by
partially straightening or loosening the curl that makes haircutting and styling easier
this is used to cover the client’s cushion before each manicure
disposable or freshly sanitized towels
this fungal organism is characterized by itching, scales, and painful circular lesions
ringworm (tinea)
the pre-wrap solution used before a perm helps to
equalize the porosity of the hair, to ensure even penetration of waving solution and protect hair from unnecessary damage
a horny, translucent plate of hard keratin
the nail
characterized by sudden falling out of hair in round patches
alopecia areata
perm rod diameters usually vary from
1/8 to 1 1/2 inches
tiny grains of pigment in the cortex, giving the hair it’s natural color
melanin
shaving too closely, in the wrong direction, or excessive pressure with the razor, clippers, or trimmers can cause
razor bumps or pseudo folliculitis
most common cause for folliculitis barbae
staphylococcus bacteria
what are treatments typically used on staph caused folliculitis barbae
topical or oral antibiotics
the purpose of a shampoo service
to cleanse the scalp and hair
superficial fungal infection caused by dermatophytes occurring chiefly over the bearded area of the face
tinea barbae
for dry scalp and hair you should choose scalp preparations that contain moisturizing agents and avoid
strong soaps, greasy preparations, and lotions with igh alcohol content
for blood and body fluid clean up how much bleach is mixed to 1 gallon of water
1 and 3/4 cups of bleach
for cleaning blood and body fluids the 1 and 3/4 cups bleach and 1 gallon of water is also known as
10% bleach solution
these factors should be considered when consulting a client about a suitable mustache design
facial features, hair growth, texture, personal taste
the preliminary strand test for chemical relaxers include
porosity test, elasticity test, relaxer test
an SDS stands for
safety data sheet
during a perm this controls the sizr of the curl
diameter of the rod
creates a more finished appearance by drying each section of hair in a definite direction with a comb or brush followed by the blow dryer
stylized blow drying
hydrogen bonds are brokem by
heat and/or water
the first state to pass a barber license law was
minesota
an infection of the hair follicle in the bearded area of the face
folliculitis barbae
the shedding process allows
room for new hair that is in the process of growing
this hair is neither resistant nor overly porous
normal
which blade is the moving blade of the shears
the blade attached to the thumb grip
rinse formulated to prevent the stripping of a permanent color
acid balanced rinse
a dual shop permit costs
$130
a dual shop license renewal costs
$100
the four ptentially harmful organisms
bacteria, virus, fungi, and parasite
the phases of hair growth are
anagen, catagen, telogen
the growth phase of hair is
the anagen phase
the resting phase of the hair is
the telogen phase
the transition phase of the hair is
the catagen phase
what face shape is recognixed as the ideal face shape
oval
these colors are made by mixing equal amounts of one primary color with one of it’s adjacent secondary colors
tertiary colors or quaternary colors
the average growth rate of healthy hair on the scalp
1/2 inch per month
this refers to removing excess bulk from the hair
thinning
scabies is caused by
the ithcmite
in perm wrapping what is a fish hook
flaw in the wrapping where the tip of the hair bends in the opposite direction of the curl
both _ and _ actions cause the bonds within the cortex to be rearranged and restructured during chemical texture services
physical and chemical actions
this is the lowest elevation and produces weight, bulk, and maximum weight
zero elevation
this is used to apply the neutralizing solution during chemical texture services
bottle aplpicator
used to correct excessive porosity. it helps color to deposit or lighten evenly
fillers
the gentle stroke towards you, you use in area 1 during a shave
freehand stroke
what is the very first step when handling an exposure incident
stop servies immediatley
performed at the ned of the hair using the tips of the shears at a steep angle in relation to the hair parting
point cutting
permanent hair coloring product that is applied to pre-lightened hair to achieve a desired color or hue
toner
hair elasticity is
the hair’s ability to stretch and return to it’s original length
characterized by redness, heat, pain, and swelling
inflammation
infestation of the hair and scalp with head lice is known as
pediculosis capitis
powder lighteners are never used where
on the scalp
hair that grows in a circular swirl pattern
whorl
these lines have a slanted direction. when used in the top section it creates length at one end and slopes to shorter at the opposite end
diagonal lines
when is the revers back hand stroke used
only during a neck shave
before a shave you should do this to the chair
apply a fresh headrest cover and adjust the headrest to the proper height
state regulatory agencies include
licensing agencies, state barber boards and commissions, health departments
the technical term for anail
onyx
to test a honed razor a barber
lightly passes razor over a moistened thumbnail
true acid waves have a pH balance between
4.5-7
in permanent waving the size, shape, and type of curl are determined by
size, shape, ans type of perm rod and the method used to wrap the hair
the effects that massage has on the scalp
increased blood and lymph flow, soothed nerves, stimulates muscles and glands in scalp, more flexible scalp
prior to a chemical service the scalp should be examined for
cuts, abrasions, open sores, scalp disease
the widest section of the head, starting at the temples and ending below the crown
parietal ridge (hatband)
in most cases, pre-wrap solution used in permanent waving is
leave-in conditioner
these lighteners are not popular. they are a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and sulfonated oil.
oil lighteners
salt bonds are broken by
change in the hair’s pH
do not proceed with chemical services if
there are signs of irritation or abrassions
when using this cutting technique the shear and comb are parallel to each other, with the still blade aligned where the teeth meet the comb’s spine
shear over comb
roller placement that sits directly on the base and produces a full volume curl
on-base
disulfied bonds are broken by
chemicals
how are thio relaxers neutralized
a chemical neutralizing solution
how are hydroxide relaxers neutralized
through rinsing and shampooing with a neutralizing shampoo
if a barber needs a duplicate licensed made or a revision made on their license the fee is
$25
chronic inflammatory condition that resembles follicultis
pseudofollicultis
how long can head lice live away from the human body
up to 48 hours
how many individual strands are on the average head
100,000
close shaving is the practice of shaving
against the grain
hair that flows in the same direction is
hairstream
in chemical services most of the processing takes place
the first 5 to 10 minutes
short, fine, unpigmented, downy hair
vellus hair
refers to the coarseness or fineness of the individual hair strands
hair texture
how many hours are required for the instructors course
750 or 500 with one tear of barbering experience
the minimum effective sanitizing strength for alcohol is
70%
what must be attached to an original license
current photo
what should be created for your client prior to the hair color service
client record card
what is the client record card’s purpose
used to record results and provide better services fro client.
why is it essential to lighten the hair to the correct stage of lightness (or level) in hair coloring
because the pigment that remains in the hair will impact the final result of the lightening or pigment (known as contributing color)
in a men’s manicure what do you do once the nail is shortened to the desired length
polish nails with a clear matte polish or rebuff genlty
after the client consultation and before the haircut a barber should
summarize what you are about to do back to the client based on what they said, use the mirror to show how you interpreted what they expressed
why are questions so important during a client consultation
ensures there is no miscommunication with what client wants and needs. questions help the barber envision the haircut before they begin
what kind of razor are barbers supposed to use
changeable razors
how do you properly dispose of razor blades
in a sharps container
how do you apply shaving cream /lather prior to shaving
start on the right side at the neck and work up into the right side of the face using brisk rotary movements with cushions of fingertips. then repeat on the left side until entire bearded area is covered
preparing a client’s face for a shave the barber uses a
pre-warmed towel from the towel warmer
prior to putting the hot towel on a client’s face the barber should
test the temperature of the towel on the wrist. if it is too hot hold at corners and fan a few seconds, then retest.
the first step in a hair color service is the client consultation. where should this take place?
in a well lit room or under incandescent lighting
when doing a color client consultation what type of lighting should you avid
fluorescent lighting
what should be done with the razor body after you dispose of the blade in a sharps container
place the razor in a container designated for cleaning and disinfecting
massage manipulations performed during a shampoo should start
at the hairline
the massage manipulations during a shampoo should be performed with the cushions of the fingertips with
even pressure and continuous synchronized movements
when nails are long how do you shorten them during a manicure
shorten to desired length with fingernail clippers
after clipping the nails, how should nails be filed?
file from the corner to the center in one direction. do not saw back and forth
what is the client consultation
conversation between the barber and client about the client’s desires and expectations of the service to be performed
what makes the client consultation an important step in the services provided by a barber
helps barber to know what client’s expectations and needs are. facilitates hair and scalp analysis step so you can determine what can and cannot be done with the hair.
during a manicure the finger bowl and brush are
filled with warm water and set in the middle of the table throughout the duration of the manicure
in razor cutting the hair needs to be kept uniformly damp to
ensure the blade cuts through the hair smoothly
during razor cuting if the hair is not damp enough it can
pull or snag the hair and cause frizz
in a manicure client consultation you should discuss
issues of general health, health of skin and nails, client’s lifestyle and needs
in a perm, the number of base sections and rod sizes will vary with each client depending on
the sectioning pattern used, texture, density, elasticity
during an exposure incident you properly remove gloves by
never allowing glove to come into contact with your skin
how long does temporary color last
washes out with one shampoo
how long does semi-permanent hair color last
washes out or fades after a few weeks, typically 8 – 12 shampoos
how long does permanent hair color last
until it grows out
after an exposure incident, what do you with the used cotton rounds
dispose of the used cotton rounds in a plastic storage bag
when there is a ned for styptic powder in an exposure incident how do you apply it
dispense styptic powder onto a cotton round and use a cotton swab to apply it to injury to stop the bleeding
after applying relaxer to the most resistant area, how do you apply it to the rest of the hair
1/4 to 1/2 inch partings apply to top of the strand as close to the scalp as possible, work down strand. do not overlap previously relaxed hair to avoid breakage
this is changed back to the cystine state during the process of oxidation and neutralization
cysteine
during a client consultation the question “how long has it been since your last haircut
‘ helps the barber to know
the preferred length of the hair before it grew out and needed to be cut again
cream should be removed from jars with
a clean spatula
how many hours are required for class a barber license in texas
1500
one of the most common way of transmitting HIV in a barbershop is through
contact with blood or body fluids