Which of the following does not represent how STOTT Pilates has evolved from Joseph Pilates original method?
Focus on more flat spine than original method
What is another term used to describe mid-sagittal plane?
A) Transverse
B) Circuduction
C) Frontal
D) Medial Plan
D
Rotation does not occur at which of the following joints:
A) knee joint
B) pelvis
C) elbow joint
D) spine
C
Lordosis describes which of the following?
A) An exaggerated curve in the lumbar spine
B) A flat lumbar spine
C) A hyper extended spine
D)A flexed thoracic spine
A
Lattisimus Dorsi is involved in all but which of the following?
A) Extension
B) Retraction
C) Medially Rotates
D) Flexion
D
Lattismus Dorsi assists in forced expiration?
A) True
B) False
A
Which muscle flexes the knee and extends the hip?
A) Rectus Femoris
B) Semimembranousous
C) Semitendinous
D Bicepts Femoris
D
Which muscle protracts the scapula?
A) Latissumus Dorsi
B) Serratus Anterior
C) Rhomboids
D) Mid Trapezius
B
Which joint involves the glenoid fossa?
A) Shoulder Joint
B) Knee Joint
C) Elbow Joint
A
What does contra-lateral mean?
A) same side of body
B) front side of body
C) opposite side of body
C
The scapula articulates which of the following?
A) Ribs
B) Clavicle
C) Spine
B
Which of the following is not one of the Joseph Pilates original principles?
A) Breathing
B) Precision
C) Scapular Placement
D) Control
C
Which bony landmark is on the femur?
A) ASIS
B) PSIS
C) Lesser Trochantor
C
Gluteus Max does not do which of the following?
A) medial rotate at the hip
B) laterally rotate at the hip
C) Extend at the hip
A
What is the action of the Serratus Posterior Superior?
A) Retracts the ribs during inspiration
B) Elevates the ribs during inspiration
C) Protracts the ribs during inspiration
B
What is typically present in kyphosis-lordosis posture?
A) Posterior tilt in pelvis
B) Anterior tilt in pelvis
C) Neutral tilt in pelvis
B
Which of the following muscle fibers run mainly horizontally?
A) Rectus Abdominus
B) Transversus Abdominus
C) Internal Abdominal Oblique
D) External Abdominal Oblique
E) Obliques
B
If the thoracic spine is flat, which of the following is present?
A) Lengthened
B) Neutral
C) Imprint
A
What is not an anatomical structure?
A) Obturator Foramen
B) Obturator Externus
C) Obturator Internus
A
Match the following exercises to the following muscle:
1) Leg Circles_____ A) Glutes
2) Single Leg Extension _ B) Hip Flexors 3) Breast Stroke C) Internal Oblique
4) Ab Prep____ D) Erector Spinae
B, A, D, C
Which exercise works the posterior deltiod eccentrically and concentrically?
A) Stag
B) Bend and Stretch
C) Long Spine
D) Back Rowing prep-Plow
D
What is the starting position of short box/round back?
A) Imprint spine
B) Neutral spine
B
Which exercise does not contain elements similar to those in the hawk?
A) Mermaid 1 on the short box
B) Front Rowing prep/arm circles with flexion
C) Side Twist Kneeling
D) Long Box Arms Pulling Strap #1
D
Rotation in a flexed postion only occurs at which of the following joint?
A) Hip joint
B) Elbow joint
C) Spine
D) Knee
E) Pelvis
B
The following joints rotate: Spine, Scapula, Pelvis, Knee
A) True
B) False
A
The cervical spine has 7 vertebrae, Thoracis spine has 12 and Lumbar spine has 5?
A) True
B) False
A
The spine moves along with the following:
A) clavicle
B) pelvis
C) rib cage
D) shoulder
C
The shoulder and hip joint are ball and socket joints?
A) True
B) False
A
Transverse plane occurs on the following:
A) Lateral Flexion
B) Flexion
C) Extension
D) Rotation
D
Which does the short head of the biceps brachi originate?
A) Glenoid Fossa
B) Corocoid process of the scapula
C) Humerus
B
The knee and elbow are the only hinge joints
A) True
B) False
A
Lateral trunk muscles
1) Quadratus Lumborum
2) Internal & External Obliques
Hip Abductors
1) Gluteus Medius
2) Tensor Fasciae Latae
Adductors
1) Brevis
2) Longus
3) Magnus
What involves the glenoid fossa?
Iposi lateral
Sagital plane involves
1) flexion
2) extension
3) anterior tilt
4) posterior tilt
5) plantar flexion
6) dorsiflexion
Frontal Plane Involves
1) lateral flexion
2) elevation
3) depression
4) upward and downward rotation
5) flexoin and extension of elbow
6) Abduction
7) Adduction
Transverse Plane involves
1) rotation
2) internal and external rotation (shoulder joint/hip)
3) supination-forearm
4) pronation-forearm
5) protraction
6) retraction
Multiplanar involves
circumduction (shoulder joint/hip)
Exhalation promotes which of the following:
A) Spinal Flexion
B) Spinal Extension
A
What are the muscle fibers doing during a concentric contraction?
A) Elongating
B) Shortening
C) Isometric
B
Which bony landmark is on the femur?
Greater Trochantar
Origin are typically
A) Distal
B) Proxial
C) Medial
B
Insertion are generally
A) Medial
B) Proxial
C) Distal
C
Axial of the skeleton is:
A) Arms, hands, feet
B) Hip, knee, feet
C) Head, spine, rib cage
C
Fixed joints are
A) Skull and teeth
B) fingers and feet
C) elbows and knee
A
Circular movement of arm and shoulder is multiplanar (is where we get the most movement)
A) True
B) False
A
Example of a facet joint:
A) Clavicle
B) Spine
C) Rib Cage
B
Isotonic is taking place with normal contraction
A) True
B) False
A
Concentric is:
A) Lengthening against resistance
B) Shortening against resistence
B
What does isometrically mean?
A) Lengthening against resistance
B) Shortening against resistance
C) Same length against resistance (no change)
C
Dorsiflex is:
A) feet and knee is hyperextended
B) shinbone is closer to bone
B
Plantarflex is:
A) feet and knee is hyperextended
B) shinbone is closer to bone
A
Which of the following does not represent how STOTT Pilates has evolved from Joseph Pilates original method?
Focus on more flat spine than original method
What is another term used to describe mid-sagittal plane?
A) Transverse
B) Circuduction
C) Frontal
D) Medial Plan
D
Rotation does not occur at which of the following joints:
A) knee joint
B) pelvis
C) elbow joint
D) spine
C
Lordosis describes which of the following?
A) An exaggerated curve in the lumbar spine
B) A flat lumbar spine
C) A hyper extended spine
D)A flexed thoracic spine
A
Lattisimus Dorsi is involved in all but which of the following?
A) Extension
B) Retraction
C) Medially Rotates
D) Flexion
D
Lattismus Dorsi assists in forced expiration?
A) True
B) False
A
Which muscle flexes the knee and extends the hip?
A) Rectus Femoris
B) Semimembranousous
C) Semitendinous
D Bicepts Femoris
D
Which muscle protracts the scapula?
A) Latissumus Dorsi
B) Serratus Anterior
C) Rhomboids
D) Mid Trapezius
B
Which joint involves the glenoid fossa?
A) Shoulder Joint
B) Knee Joint
C) Elbow Joint
A
What does contra-lateral mean?
A) same side of body
B) front side of body
C) opposite side of body
C
The scapula articulates which of the following?
A) Ribs
B) Clavicle
C) Spine
B
Which of the following is not one of the Joseph Pilates original principles?
A) Breathing
B) Precision
C) Scapular Placement
D) Control
C
Which bony landmark is on the femur?
A) ASIS
B) PSIS
C) Lesser Trochantor
C
Gluteus Max does not do which of the following?
A) medial rotate at the hip
B) laterally rotate at the hip
C) Extend at the hip
A
What is the action of the Serratus Posterior Superior?
A) Retracts the ribs during inspiration
B) Elevates the ribs during inspiration
C) Protracts the ribs during inspiration
B
What is typically present in kyphosis-lordosis posture?
A) Posterior tilt in pelvis
B) Anterior tilt in pelvis
C) Neutral tilt in pelvis
B
Which of the following muscle fibers run mainly horizontally?
A) Rectus Abdominus
B) Transversus Abdominus
C) Internal Abdominal Oblique
D) External Abdominal Oblique
E) Obliques
B
If the thoracic spine is flat, which of the following is present?
A) Lengthened
B) Neutral
C) Imprint
A
What is not an anatomical structure?
A) Obturator Foramen
B) Obturator Externus
C) Obturator Internus
A
Match the following exercises to the following muscle:
1) Leg Circles_____ A) Glutes
2) Single Leg Extension _ B) Hip Flexors 3) Breast Stroke C) Internal Oblique
4) Ab Prep____ D) Erector Spinae
B, A, D, C
Which exercise works the posterior deltiod eccentrically and concentrically?
A) Stag
B) Bend and Stretch
C) Long Spine
D) Back Rowing prep-Plow
D
What is the starting position of short box/round back?
A) Imprint spine
B) Neutral spine
B
Which exercise does not contain elements similar to those in the hawk?
A) Mermaid 1 on the short box
B) Front Rowing prep/arm circles with flexion
C) Side Twist Kneeling
D) Long Box Arms Pulling Strap #1
D
Rotation in a flexed postion only occurs at which of the following joint?
A) Hip joint
B) Elbow joint
C) Spine
D) Knee
E) Pelvis
B
The following joints rotate: Spine, Scapula, Pelvis, Knee
A) True
B) False
A
The cervical spine has 7 vertebrae, Thoracis spine has 12 and Lumbar spine has 5?
A) True
B) False
A
The spine moves along with the following:
A) clavicle
B) pelvis
C) rib cage
D) shoulder
C
The shoulder and hip joint are ball and socket joints?
A) True
B) False
A
Transverse plane occurs on the following:
A) Lateral Flexion
B) Flexion
C) Extension
D) Rotation
D
Which does the short head of the biceps brachi originate?
A) Glenoid Fossa
B) Corocoid process of the scapula
C) Humerus
B
The knee and elbow are the only hinge joints
A) True
B) False
A
Lateral trunk muscles
1) Quadratus Lumborum
2) Internal & External Obliques
Hip Abductors
1) Gluteus Medius
2) Tensor Fasciae Latae
Hip Abductors
1) Gluteus Medius
2) Tensor Fasciae Latae
3)Sartorious
What involves the glenoid fossa?
Iposi lateral
Sagital plane involves
1) flexion
2) extension
3) anterior tilt
4) posterior tilt
5) plantar flexion
6) dorsiflexion
Frontal Plane Involves
1) lateral flexion
2) elevation
3) depression
4) upward and downward rotation
5) flexoin and extension of elbow
6) Abduction
7) Adduction
Transverse Plane involves
1) rotation
2) internal and external rotation (shoulder joint/hip)
3) supination-forearm
4) pronation-forearm
5) protraction
6) retraction
Multiplanar involves
circumduction (shoulder joint/hip)
Exhalation promotes which of the following:
A) Spinal Flexion
B) Spinal Extension
A
What are the muscle fibers doing during a concentric contraction?
A) Elongating
B) Shortening
C) Isometric
B
Which bony landmark is on the femur?
Greater Trochantar
Origin are typically
A) Distal
B) Proxial
C) Medial
B
Insertion are generally
A) Medial
B) Proxial
C) Distal
C
Axial of the skeleton is:
A) Arms, hands, feet
B) Hip, knee, feet
C) Head, spine, rib cage
C
Fixed joints are
A) Skull and teeth
B) fingers and feet
C) elbows and knee
A
Circular movement of arm and shoulder is multiplanar (is where we get the most movement)
A) True
B) False
A
Example of a facet joint:
A) Clavicle
B) Spine
C) Rib Cage
B
Isotonic is taking place with normal contraction
A) True
B) False
A
Concentric is:
A) Lengthening against resistance
B) Shortening against resistence
B
What does isometrically mean?
A) Lengthening against resistance
B) Shortening against resistance
C) Same length against resistance (no change)
C
Dorsiflex is:
A) feet and knee is hyperextended
B) shinbone is closer to bone
B
Plantarflex is:
A) feet and knee is hyperextended
B) shinbone is closer to bone
A
sartorius origin and insertion
Origin: anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion: anterior and medial of surface of the tiibia
tensor fasciae latae origin and insertion
Origin: Anterior aspect of iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion: Iliotibial tract
Coracobrachialis Origin and insertion
O: Coracoid process
I: Middle medial humerus
Semitendinosus origin and insertion
O: ischial tuberosity, I: tibial shaft
Semimembranosus origin and insertion
O: ischial tuberosity
I: medial tibial condyle
Gracilis: Origin and insertion
O: body of pubis, I: medial tibia
quadrates lumborum Origin and insertion
O: iliolumbar ligament, posterior part of the iliac crest, inferior border of the 12th rib and transverse processes of the upper 4 lumbar vertebrae
I: Inferior border of the 12th rib and transverse processes of the upper 4 lumbar vertebrae
external intercostals Origin and Insertion
Origin: inferior border of rib above
Insertion: superior border of rib below
Infraspinatus origin and insertion
origin: infraspinous fossa of scapula
insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Supraspinatus Origin and insertion
origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula
insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Teresa Major Origin and Insertion
O: dorsal surface of inferior angle of the scapula
I: Medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Soleus Origin and Insertion
O: proximal tibia, I: calcaneus
rhomboid major Origin and Insertion
O: Spinous processes of T2-T5
I: Medial border of scapula from root of spine to inferior angle
brachioradialis Origin and Insertion
Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Insertion: styloid process of radius
levator scapulae Origin and Insertion
O: Transverse processes of C1-C4
I: Medial border of scapula, above root of spine of scapula
Rhomboid Minor Origin and Insertion
O: ligamentum nuchae, SP C7 and T1
I: medial border of scapula
transversus abdominis Origin and Insertion
Origin: inguinal ligament, lumbar fascia, cartilages of last 6 ribs / linea alba, pubic crest
Insertion: The linea alba by it’s aponeurosis
pectoralis major Sternal Division -Origin and Insertion
O= Sternum to 7th rib, cartilages of the rib
I: Lateral lip of the humerus
Psoas major origin and insertion
O: bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
I: lesser trochanter
Middle Deltoid Origin and Insertion
Origin: acromion process
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity
pectoralis major- Clavicular Division – Origin and Insertion
O: Anterior surface of the medial 1/2 of clavicle
Insertion: Humerus, crest of greater tubercle
Pectoralis minor Origin and Insertion
O: ribs 3-5
I: coracoid process of scapula
seratus anterior Origin and Insertion
O: Superior lateral surfaces of upper 8 or 9 ribs at the side of the chest
Insertion: Costal surface of the vertebral border along the inferior angle of scapula
Gastrocnemius
Origin: Femur
Insertion: Calcaneus
gluteus medius – origin and insertion
O: ilium, I:greater trochanter of femur
gluteus minimus – origin and insertion
O: ilium, I:greater trochanter of femur
Trapezius – Origin and Insertion
O=occipital bone, C1-7, T1-12,; I= Acrominion and spinous process of scapula, clavicle
rectus femoris – Origin and Insertion
O: iliac spine and acetabulum, I:tibial tuberosity and patella
adductor longus Origin and Insertion
O: Pubic tubercle
I: Medial lip of linea aspera
Multifidus Origin and Insertion
O: deep to semispinalis, fibers pass obliquely and medially to spinous process, stabilizes vertebrae
origin:sacrum, lumbar, thoracic vertebrae
insertion: base of spinous processes of all vertebrae from L5 to C2
Vastus Lateralis Origin and Insertion
O= greater trochanter, linea apsera, I: tibial tuberosity and patella
Vastus Medialis Origin and Insertion
O: linea aspera and intertrochanteric line, I: tibial tuberosity and patella
Rectus Abdominis Origin and Insertion
origin :of rectus abdomens is the pubis
nsertion 5-7 ribs and xiphoid process
Iliac Origin and Insertion
Origin: Inner lip of iliac crest
Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur
gluteus maximus Origin and Insertion
O: dorsal ilium, sacrum, and coccyx,
I: gluteal tuberosity of femur and iliotibial tract
Triceps Brachi Origin and Insertion
Origin: Longhead infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Lateral head: superior 1/2 of posterior lateral surface of humerus
Medial head: inferior 2/3 on the posterior surface of the humerus
Insertion: Supraposterior surface of the olecranon process of the ulna and deep fascia of the forearm
Latisumus Dorsi Origin and Insertion
Origin: Broad aponeurosis that originates on the spinous processes of lower 6 thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae, posterior crest of ilia, posterior surface of sacrum, lower 3 or 4 ribs and an attachment to the inferior angle of the scapula
Insertion: Flat tendon that twists upon itself to insert into the intertubrcular sulcus of the humerus
Peroneus Longus and Peroneus Brevis Origin and Insertion
O: fibula
I: metatarsal
Plantaris Orign and Insertion
O: femur
I: Calcaneus
subscapularis Origin and Insertion
origin: subscapular fossa
insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus
Internal intercostals Origin and Insertion
Origin: Superior border of rib below
Insertion: Inferior border of rib above
Lower Trapezius Origin and Insertion
O- spinous process of T6-T12
I- Medial end of spine of the scapula
Movements in the Sagittal Plane occur around a
Frontal Axis
Movements in the frontal plane occur around a
Sagittal axis
Movements in the transverse plane occur around a
Vertical axis
Pilates _ the muscles versus weightlifting that grows muscles
tones
Clockwise is a rotation to the
right
counter clockwise is a rotation to the
left
appendicular skeleton
126 bones of the upper and lower limbs, shoulders, and hips
axial skeleton
the 80 bones of the skull, spine, ribs, vertebrae, and sternum, or breastbone
anatomical position
To stand erect with arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned forward
Muscles that abduct the shoulder
deltoid, supraspinatus
Muscles that abduct the humerus
deltoid, supraspinatus
muscles that extend the knee
anterior – quadriceps: rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius
Four Layers of Abdominal Muscles
TA, Internal Obliques, External Obliques and rectus abdominis
Inhale promotes
extension
exhale promotes
flexion
Parts of the vertebrae
Spinous process (only part you can see)
Transverse process – wings that stick out
Vertebral body
Superior articular process – parts of your facet joints
how many cervical bones are there
7
how many thoracic bones are there
12
how many lumbar bones are there
5
how many sacrum bones are there
5
how many coccyx bones are there
3-6
which muscles are medially rotators of the hip joint
Gluteus Medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fasciae latae
Gluteus Maximus, Piriformis and Obturator Internus all _________________rotate the hip
laterally
abductors of the humerus
suprasinatus and middle deltoid
The ankle bone is also known as the
Lateral Malleolus
In side arm sitting External rotation of the humerus which muscles are used
Teres minor and infraspinatus
The pelvis is made up of what bones
Illium, ischium and pubis
Where do the pelvis and spine meet
Sacra-iliac joint
Anterior tipping of scap is caused by
Tight pect minor
Weak serratus ant
generally muscles that extend the hip would be
posteriorly
what muscles flex the neck
Scalenes and sternocleidomastoid
which muscles stabilize the scapulae
Serratus Anterior, Trapezius and Rhomboid Major
The origin of a muscle is the beginning site of the more fixed end or attachment of a muscle. True or false
True
When squeezing the legs together you are using what muscles
Adductor Magnus, Adductor Brevis and Adductor Longus
When the point is pointed the ankle joint is
plantar – flexed
When your pelvis remains still and you rotate your rib cage toward the right you are contracting your right external oblique and your left internal oblique. True or False
False
Which Muscles laterally flex the spine
Rectus Abdominis and Quadratus lumboram
generally muscles that flex the shoulder would be found
Anteriorly
When the pelvis tilts anteriorly the lumbar spine
extends
neutral pelvis is when the ASIS and the pubic symphysis are level in the frontal plane. True or false
True
Name the hip flexor muscles.
posts major, iliac, tensor fasciae late and rectus femoris
erector spinae
prime mover of back extension; maintain erect posture
rotation occurs in which plane
transverse
what is another term used to describe the mid-sagittal plane
Median plane
rotation does not occur at which joint
elbow
the lats are involved in all but which: flexion, adduction and medial rotation
Flexion
glenoid fosa
shoulder joint
ipsolateral
same side
where does the short head of the biceps brachial originate
coracoid process of the scapula
if the thoracic spine is flat which of the following describes the condition of the thoracic flexors (abs and obliques)
lengthened
leg circles work
hip extensors
Rectus femoris crosses 2 joints true or false
true
Which of the following does not represent how STOTT Pilates has evolved from Joseph Pilates original method?
Focus on more flat spine than original method
What is another term used to describe mid-sagittal plane?
A) Transverse
B) Circuduction
C) Frontal
D) Medial Plan
D
Rotation does not occur at which of the following joints:
A) knee joint
B) pelvis
C) elbow joint
D) spine
C
Lordosis describes which of the following?
A) An exaggerated curve in the lumbar spine
B) A flat lumbar spine
C) A hyper extended spine
D)A flexed thoracic spine
A
Lattisimus Dorsi is involved in all but which of the following?
A) Extension
B) Retraction
C) Medially Rotates
D) Flexion
D
Lattismus Dorsi assists in forced expiration?
A) True
B) False
A
Which muscle flexes the knee and extends the hip?
A) Rectus Femoris
B) Semimembranousous
C) Semitendinous
D Bicepts Femoris
D
Which muscle protracts the scapula?
A) Latissumus Dorsi
B) Serratus Anterior
C) Rhomboids
D) Mid Trapezius
B
Which joint involves the glenoid fossa?
A) Shoulder Joint
B) Knee Joint
C) Elbow Joint
A
What does contra-lateral mean?
A) same side of body
B) front side of body
C) opposite side of body
C
The scapula articulates which of the following?
A) Ribs
B) Clavicle
C) Spine
B
Which of the following is not one of the Joseph Pilates original principles?
A) Breathing
B) Precision
C) Scapular Placement
D) Control
C
Which bony landmark is on the femur?
A) ASIS
B) PSIS
C) Lesser Trochantor
C
Gluteus Max does not do which of the following?
A) medial rotate at the hip
B) laterally rotate at the hip
C) Extend at the hip
A
What is the action of the Serratus Posterior Superior?
A) Retracts the ribs during inspiration
B) Elevates the ribs during inspiration
C) Protracts the ribs during inspiration
B
What is typically present in kyphosis-lordosis posture?
A) Posterior tilt in pelvis
B) Anterior tilt in pelvis
C) Neutral tilt in pelvis
B
Which of the following muscle fibers run mainly horizontally?
A) Rectus Abdominus
B) Transversus Abdominus
C) Internal Abdominal Oblique
D) External Abdominal Oblique
E) Obliques
B
If the thoracic spine is flat, which of the following is present?
A) Lengthened
B) Neutral
C) Imprint
A
What is not an anatomical structure?
A) Obturator Foramen
B) Obturator Externus
C) Obturator Internus
A
Match the following exercises to the following muscle:
1) Leg Circles_____ A) Glutes
2) Single Leg Extension _ B) Hip Flexors 3) Breast Stroke C) Internal Oblique
4) Ab Prep____ D) Erector Spinae
B, A, D, C
Which exercise works the posterior deltiod eccentrically and concentrically?
A) Stag
B) Bend and Stretch
C) Long Spine
D) Back Rowing prep-Plow
D
What is the starting position of short box/round back?
A) Imprint spine
B) Neutral spine
B
Which exercise does not contain elements similar to those in the hawk?
A) Mermaid 1 on the short box
B) Front Rowing prep/arm circles with flexion
C) Side Twist Kneeling
D) Long Box Arms Pulling Strap #1
D
Rotation in a flexed postion only occurs at which of the following joint?
A) Hip joint
B) Elbow joint
C) Spine
D) Knee
E) Pelvis
B
The following joints rotate: Spine, Scapula, Pelvis, Knee
A) True
B) False
A
The cervical spine has 7 vertebrae, Thoracis spine has 12 and Lumbar spine has 5?
A) True
B) False
A
The spine moves along with the following:
A) clavicle
B) pelvis
C) rib cage
D) shoulder
C
The shoulder and hip joint are ball and socket joints?
A) True
B) False
A
Transverse plane occurs on the following:
A) Lateral Flexion
B) Flexion
C) Extension
D) Rotation
D
Which does the short head of the biceps brachi originate?
A) Glenoid Fossa
B) Corocoid process of the scapula
C) Humerus
B
The knee and elbow are the only hinge joints
A) True
B) False
A
Lateral trunk muscles
1) Quadratus Lumborum
2) Internal & External Obliques
Hip Abductors
1) Gluteus Medius
2) Tensor Fasciae Latae
Hip Abductors
1) Gluteus Medius
2) Tensor Fasciae Latae
3)Sartorious
What involves the glenoid fossa?
Iposi lateral
Sagital plane involves
1) flexion
2) extension
3) anterior tilt
4) posterior tilt
5) plantar flexion
6) dorsiflexion
Frontal Plane Involves
1) lateral flexion
2) elevation
3) depression
4) upward and downward rotation
5) flexoin and extension of elbow
6) Abduction
7) Adduction
Transverse Plane involves
1) rotation
2) internal and external rotation (shoulder joint/hip)
3) supination-forearm
4) pronation-forearm
5) protraction
6) retraction
Multiplanar involves
circumduction (shoulder joint/hip)
Exhalation promotes which of the following:
A) Spinal Flexion
B) Spinal Extension
A
What are the muscle fibers doing during a concentric contraction?
A) Elongating
B) Shortening
C) Isometric
B
Which bony landmark is on the femur?
Greater Trochantar
Origin are typically
A) Distal
B) Proxial
C) Medial
B
Insertion are generally
A) Medial
B) Proxial
C) Distal
C
Axial of the skeleton is:
A) Arms, hands, feet
B) Hip, knee, feet
C) Head, spine, rib cage
C
Fixed joints are
A) Skull and teeth
B) fingers and feet
C) elbows and knee
A
Circular movement of arm and shoulder is multiplanar (is where we get the most movement)
A) True
B) False
A
Example of a facet joint:
A) Clavicle
B) Spine
C) Rib Cage
B
Isotonic is taking place with normal contraction
A) True
B) False
A
Concentric is:
A) Lengthening against resistance
B) Shortening against resistence
B
What does isometrically mean?
A) Lengthening against resistance
B) Shortening against resistance
C) Same length against resistance (no change)
C
Dorsiflex is:
A) feet and knee is hyperextended
B) shinbone is closer to bone
B
Plantarflex is:
A) feet and knee is hyperextended
B) shinbone is closer to bone
A
sartorius origin and insertion
Origin: anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion: anterior and medial of surface of the tiibia
tensor fasciae latae origin and insertion
Origin: Anterior aspect of iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion: Iliotibial tract
Coracobrachialis Origin and insertion
O: Coracoid process
I: Middle medial humerus
Semitendinosus origin and insertion
O: ischial tuberosity, I: tibial shaft
Semimembranosus origin and insertion
O: ischial tuberosity
I: medial tibial condyle
Gracilis: Origin and insertion
O: body of pubis, I: medial tibia
quadrates lumborum Origin and insertion
O: iliolumbar ligament, posterior part of the iliac crest, inferior border of the 12th rib and transverse processes of the upper 4 lumbar vertebrae
I: Inferior border of the 12th rib and transverse processes of the upper 4 lumbar vertebrae
external intercostals Origin and Insertion
Origin: inferior border of rib above
Insertion: superior border of rib below
Infraspinatus origin and insertion
origin: infraspinous fossa of scapula
insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Supraspinatus Origin and insertion
origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula
insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Teresa Major Origin and Insertion
O: dorsal surface of inferior angle of the scapula
I: Medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Soleus Origin and Insertion
O: proximal tibia, I: calcaneus
rhomboid major Origin and Insertion
O: Spinous processes of T2-T5
I: Medial border of scapula from root of spine to inferior angle
brachioradialis Origin and Insertion
Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Insertion: styloid process of radius
levator scapulae Origin and Insertion
O: Transverse processes of C1-C4
I: Medial border of scapula, above root of spine of scapula
Rhomboid Minor Origin and Insertion
O: ligamentum nuchae, SP C7 and T1
I: medial border of scapula
transversus abdominis Origin and Insertion
Origin: inguinal ligament, lumbar fascia, cartilages of last 6 ribs / linea alba, pubic crest
Insertion: The linea alba by it’s aponeurosis
pectoralis major Sternal Division -Origin and Insertion
O= Sternum to 7th rib, cartilages of the rib
I: Lateral lip of the humerus
Psoas major origin and insertion
O: bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
I: lesser trochanter
Middle Deltoid Origin and Insertion
Origin: acromion process
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity
pectoralis major- Clavicular Division – Origin and Insertion
O: Anterior surface of the medial 1/2 of clavicle
Insertion: Humerus, crest of greater tubercle
Pectoralis minor Origin and Insertion
O: ribs 3-5
I: coracoid process of scapula
seratus anterior Origin and Insertion
O: Superior lateral surfaces of upper 8 or 9 ribs at the side of the chest
Insertion: Costal surface of the vertebral border along the inferior angle of scapula
Gastrocnemius
Origin: Femur
Insertion: Calcaneus
gluteus medius – origin and insertion
O: ilium, I:greater trochanter of femur
gluteus minimus – origin and insertion
O: ilium, I:greater trochanter of femur
Trapezius – Origin and Insertion
O=occipital bone, C1-7, T1-12,; I= Acrominion and spinous process of scapula, clavicle
rectus femoris – Origin and Insertion
O: iliac spine and acetabulum, I:tibial tuberosity and patella
adductor longus Origin and Insertion
O: Pubic tubercle
I: Medial lip of linea aspera
Multifidus Origin and Insertion
O: deep to semispinalis, fibers pass obliquely and medially to spinous process, stabilizes vertebrae
origin:sacrum, lumbar, thoracic vertebrae
insertion: base of spinous processes of all vertebrae from L5 to C2
Vastus Lateralis Origin and Insertion
O= greater trochanter, linea apsera, I: tibial tuberosity and patella
Vastus Medialis Origin and Insertion
O: linea aspera and intertrochanteric line, I: tibial tuberosity and patella
Rectus Abdominis Origin and Insertion
origin :of rectus abdomens is the pubis
nsertion 5-7 ribs and xiphoid process
Iliac Origin and Insertion
Origin: Inner lip of iliac crest
Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur
gluteus maximus Origin and Insertion
O: dorsal ilium, sacrum, and coccyx,
I: gluteal tuberosity of femur and iliotibial tract
Triceps Brachi Origin and Insertion
Origin: Longhead infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Lateral head: superior 1/2 of posterior lateral surface of humerus
Medial head: inferior 2/3 on the posterior surface of the humerus
Insertion: Supraposterior surface of the olecranon process of the ulna and deep fascia of the forearm
Latisumus Dorsi Origin and Insertion
Origin: Broad aponeurosis that originates on the spinous processes of lower 6 thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae, posterior crest of ilia, posterior surface of sacrum, lower 3 or 4 ribs and an attachment to the inferior angle of the scapula
Insertion: Flat tendon that twists upon itself to insert into the intertubrcular sulcus of the humerus
Peroneus Longus and Peroneus Brevis Origin and Insertion
O: fibula
I: metatarsal
Plantaris Orign and Insertion
O: femur
I: Calcaneus
subscapularis Origin and Insertion
origin: subscapular fossa
insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus
Internal intercostals Origin and Insertion
Origin: Superior border of rib below
Insertion: Inferior border of rib above
Lower Trapezius Origin and Insertion
O- spinous process of T6-T12
I- Medial end of spine of the scapula
Movements in the Sagittal Plane occur around a
Frontal Axis
Movements in the frontal plane occur around a
Sagittal axis
Movements in the transverse plane occur around a
Vertical axis
Pilates _ the muscles versus weightlifting that grows muscles
tones
Clockwise is a rotation to the
right
counter clockwise is a rotation to the
left
appendicular skeleton
126 bones of the upper and lower limbs, shoulders, and hips
axial skeleton
the 80 bones of the skull, spine, ribs, vertebrae, and sternum, or breastbone
anatomical position
To stand erect with arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned forward
Muscles that abduct the shoulder
deltoid, supraspinatus
Muscles that abduct the humerus
deltoid, supraspinatus
muscles that extend the knee
anterior – quadriceps: rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius
Four Layers of Abdominal Muscles
TA, Internal Obliques, External Obliques and rectus abdominis
Inhale promotes
extension
exhale promotes
flexion
Parts of the vertebrae
Spinous process (only part you can see)
Transverse process – wings that stick out
Vertebral body
Superior articular process – parts of your facet joints
how many cervical bones are there
7
how many thoracic bones are there
12
how many lumbar bones are there
5
how many sacrum bones are there
5
how many coccyx bones are there
3-6
which muscles are medially rotators of the hip joint
Gluteus Medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fasciae latae
Gluteus Maximus, Piriformis and Obturator Internus all _________________rotate the hip
laterally
abductors of the humerus
suprasinatus and middle deltoid
The ankle bone is also known as the
Lateral Malleolus
In side arm sitting External rotation of the humerus which muscles are used
Teres minor and infraspinatus
The pelvis is made up of what bones
Illium, ischium and pubis
Where do the pelvis and spine meet
Sacra-iliac joint
Anterior tipping of scap is caused by
Tight pect minor
Weak serratus ant
generally muscles that extend the hip would be
posteriorly
what muscles flex the neck
Scalenes and sternocleidomastoid
which muscles stabilize the scapulae
Serratus Anterior, Trapezius and Rhomboid Major
The origin of a muscle is the beginning site of the more fixed end or attachment of a muscle. True or false
True
When squeezing the legs together you are using what muscles
Adductor Magnus, Adductor Brevis and Adductor Longus
When the point is pointed the ankle joint is
plantar – flexed
When your pelvis remains still and you rotate your rib cage toward the right you are contracting your right external oblique and your left internal oblique. True or False
False
Which Muscles laterally flex the spine
Rectus Abdominis and Quadratus lumboram
generally muscles that flex the shoulder would be found
Anteriorly
When the pelvis tilts anteriorly the lumbar spine
extends
neutral pelvis is when the ASIS and the pubic symphysis are level in the frontal plane. True or false
True
Name the hip flexor muscles.
posts major, iliac, tensor fasciae late and rectus femoris
erector spinae
prime mover of back extension; maintain erect posture
rotation occurs in which plane
transverse
what is another term used to describe the mid-sagittal plane
Median plane
rotation does not occur at which joint
elbow
the lats are involved in all but which: flexion, adduction and medial rotation
Flexion
glenoid fosa
shoulder joint
ipsolateral
same side
where does the short head of the biceps brachial originate
coracoid process of the scapula
if the thoracic spine is flat which of the following describes the condition of the thoracic flexors (abs and obliques)
lengthened
leg circles work
hip extensors
Rectus femoris crosses 2 joints true or false
true
Which muscles oppose each other on the anteriorposterior sides of the foot?
Anterior: Dorsiflexors
Posterior: Plantar Flexors
Which muscles oppose each other on the later and rotary sides of the foot?
Lateral: Tibialis
Peroneals
What is the function of Tibialis anterior?
dorsiflexing and inverting the foot.
What is the function of the peroneas muscles?
Primarily responsible for eversion of the foot. peroneus longus and brevis plantarflex the foot, while the peroneus tertius dorsiflexes it.
What are the opposing anteroposterior muscles of the knee?
The hamstrings, gastrocnemius and the popliteus oppose the hamstrings.
The transverse plane divides the body into _ and _ segments.
Superior and inferior segments of the body
The Frontal plane divides the body into _ and segments.
Anterior and posterior (front/back) segments.
The sagital plane divides the body into and segments
Left and right segments
Medial is a directional term for:
Closest to the midline of the body.
Lateral is a directional term for:
Away from the midline of the body
Proximal/central means __ to the trunk or midline of the body.
closer
Distal/peripheral means __ from the trunk or midline of the body.
away
Superior is a directional term for:
above or towards the head
Inferior is a directional term for:
Below or away from the head
Anterior refers to
front of the body
Posterior refers to
back of the body
Superficial refers to
towards the surface of the skin / outer most layer
Deep refers to
inside the body (internal)
Spinal flexion moves the _ surfaces of the body __ each other.
anterior surfaces of the body towards each other.
Spinal extension moves the _ surfaces of the body __ each other.
anterior surfaces of the body away from each other.
Lateral spinal flexion moves the spine in which direction?
Side to side
Rotational movements happen around which central point?
The axis of the spine.
List the 4 actions of the neck (cervical spine)
Flexion
Extension
Lateral flexion
Rotation
Describe the action of shoulder flexion and extension.
Arm reaches up overhead (vertical flexion)
Arm reaches back behind the body (vertical extension)
Describe the actions of shoulder abduction and adduction.
Arm moves away from the midline (abduction)
Arm moves towards the midline (adduction)
- can also done horizontally as in when client is supine.
Describe the actions of internal rotation and external rotation of the shoulder.
Internal rotation – palm moves toward the body.
External rotation – palm moves away from the body.
Describe the actions of protraction and retraction of the scapula.
protraction – scapular borders moves away from the midline (the spine)
retraction – scapular boarders moves toward the midline (the spine)
List the 6 actions of the scapula
Protraction
Retraction
Elevation
Depression
Upward rotation
Downward rotation
What muscles are responsible for scapular protraction?
Pectoralis minor, pectoralis major, serratus anterior
What muscles are responsible for scapular retraction?
Trapezius, rhomboids, Latissimus dorsi
What muscles are responsible for scapular elevation?
Upper Trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboids
What muscles are responsible for scapular depression?
latissimus dorsi, serratus anterior, pectoralis major and minor, and the trapezius muscles.
What muscles are responsible for scapular upward rotation?
Trapezius and serratus anterior
What muscles are responsible for scapular downward rotation?
latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboids, and the pectoralis major and minor muscles
Name two muscles/muscle groups and their disfunction that may cause scapular winging:
tight/shortened pectoralis muscles
Weak serratus anterior
*Any exercise that helps strengthen the serratus can help with scapular winging.
What is scapular winging?
Protrusion of the medial border of the scapulae
What is scapular tipping?
Protrusion of the inferior boarder/angle of the scapulae
Name the muscles/muscle groups and their disfunction that may cause scapular tipping:
- tight/short pectoralis minor muscle – Pec minor attaches to the scapula at the coracoid process. If it is tight, it will pull it forward.
- Weak lower trap – responsible for a downward pull of the scapula. If you have a weak lower trap and a tight pec minor, the resting position of the scapula will bias towards anterior tipping.
- faulty posture (kyphosis)
Name the rotator cuff muscles (SITS)
S.I.T.S.
supraspinatus,
infraspinatus,
teres minor,
subscapularis
Describe the 2 actions of the forearm:
Supination – palm facing up
pronation – palm facing down
Describe the two actions of the elbow joint:
Flexion – palm moves proximally (towards shoulder)
Extension – palm moves distally
What are the anteroposterior muscles of the hip?
Anterior: Iliopsoas, rectus femoris, tensor fasciae latae, sartorius
Posterior: Glutes and hamstrings
Describe the 6 actions of the hip joint
Abduction – leg moves away from midline
adduction – leg moves toward midline
flexion – femur moves proximally
extension – femur moves distally
Internal rotation – Femur spirals in socket toward midline
External rotation – femur spirals in socket away from midline
What muscles are responsible/involved in hip flexion? (7 primary)
Psoas Major*
Iliacus*
Rectus femoris
Sartorius
Tensor Fascia latae
Gluteus medius (anterior fibers)
Gluteus minimus
*iliopsoas group
What muscles are responsible/involved in hip extension? (2 primary)
Gluteus maximus
Hamstrings (biceps femoris (lateral) semimembranosus (medial) and semitendinosus (medial).
What muscles are responsible/involved in hip abduction? (3)
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia latae
What muscles are responsible/involved in hip Adduction?
The adductor group:
Adductor brevis
Adductor longis
adductor magnus
Adductor minimus
Gracilis
Pectineus
What muscles are responsible for hip internal rotation?
Tensor fasciae latae (outer hip)
parts of the gluteus medius and the gluteus minimus
the adductor longus, brevis, and magnus (inner thigh)
the pectineus (upper frontal thigh)
What muscles are responsible for hip external rotation?
Lateral rotator group
Piriformis
Gluteus maximus (lower fibers)
Gluteus medius and minimus
Describe the two actions of the ankle
Dorsiflexion – toes towards the nose
Plantar flexion – toes away from nose (pointed)
What is the rotator cuff?
a group of muscles and tendons that surround the shoulder joint, keeping the head of your upper arm bone firmly within the shallow socket of the shoulder.
help stabilize the shoulder
What posterior muscles of the trunk exert an upward posterior pull on the pelvis?
Erector spinae, Quadratus lumborum
(attaches to the posterior superior part of the pelvis)
What anterior muscles of the trunk exert an upward anterior pull on the pelvis?
Rectus abdominus, external obliques
(RA attaches to symphysis pubis, EO attaches to ASIS)
What posterior muscles of the body exert a downward posterior pull on the pelvis?
Gluteus maximus, hamstrings (attach to the ilium, sacrum and ischium)
What anterior muscles of the body exert a downward anterior pull on the pelvis?
The hip flexors, rectus femoris, tensor fasciae latae, sartorius, iliopsoas (attached to the lumbar spine and ilium)
How many vertebra make up the cervical division of the spine?
7
how many vertebrae make up the thoracic division of the spine?
12
How many vertebrae make up the lumbar division of the spine?
5
Sacrum Vertebrae
5 fused into 1