While discussing the science of nursing, the nurse identifies the domain of nursing theory. Which linkages should the nurse provide to describe nursing’s paradigm?
A. The person, the environment or situation, and health
B. Stress reduction, self-care, and a systems model
C. Curative care, restorative care, and terminal care
D. Self-actualization, fundamental needs, and belonging
A. The person, the environment or situation, and health
A terrorist attack has occurred and several people have inhaled Ricin. Which intervention should the emergency department nurse implement when caring for these clients?
A. Administer the antibiotic streptomycin, IV STAT
B. Provide all clients with the Ricin antidote
C. Implement strict respiratory isolation immediately
D. Provide supportive nursing care until antitoxin is available
D. Provide supportive nursing care until antitoxin is available
C. Suicide risks and prevention
The nurse is working in a community clinic that serves a population comprised mainly of migrant families. In planning the use of resources for secondary prevention, which activity should be the priority?
A. Skin testing for tuberculosis
B. Glucose monitoring for diabetes
C. Blood work for cardiovascular disease
D. Height and weight for altered nutrition
A. Skin testing for tuberculosis
A nurse organizes a community action group to help resolve health problems in a low income neighborhood with a large population of recent immigrants from Africa. What problem should the nurse address first?
A. High rate of unemployment
B. Low immunization rate of children
C. Provision of substandard health care
D. Access to bilingual care providers
B. Low immunization rate of children
The nurse is assessing a Vietnamese child during a home health visit and identifies round swellings on the child’s back. The child’s mother says she rubbed the edge of a coin on her child’s oiled skin. The nurse should recognize that this behavior is prompted by which cultural belief?
A. The child’s behavior was not acceptable
B. The purpose is to rid the body of disease
C. This method is commonly used for discipline
D. The temper tantrums are commonly managed using this method
B. The purpose is to rid the body of disease
Attendance at a community health clinic is rising and clients have long waits for service. The charge nurse believes that a computer system would be helpful in decreasing the time needed to conduct intake and exit processing. What is the nest way for the nurse to introduce the idea of obtaining a computer system for the clinic?
A. Ask the medical director to talk to the Board of Directors about obtaining funds to implement a computer system
B. Send a signed letter to the editor of the local newspaper describing the benefits to the community
C. Submit a written proposal to the Board of Directors about hardware and software improvement needs
D. Meet informally with some Board members to enlist their support for the idea of implementing a computer system
C. Submit a written proposal to the Board of Directors about hardware and software improvement needs
Lillian Wald was a significant person in the history of American nursing. Which contributions can be attributed to her? (Select all that apply)
A. Development of public health nursing practice
B. First nursing service for occupational health
C. Campaigned for laws to require registration for nurses
D. Established committee that was the forerunner of the NLN
E. Instituted a sliding scale fee for service
The home health nurse is planning a visit with a client who has been discharged home after a hospitalization. Which action should the nurse implement?
A. Avoid creating barriers by wearing a name tag in the home
B. Schedule home visits that take place during the daylight hours
C. Ensure HIPAA laws are observed by avoiding visits with other home care providers
D. Use a duplicate copy of the client’s record to provide concurrent services
B. Schedule home visits that take place during the daylight hours
A 12-year-old female is seen by the school nurse after recently experiencing increasing difficulty sitting still and paying attention in class, and increasingly illegible handwriting. the nurse observes that the cild has protruding eyeballs and a staring expression. What action should the nurse take next?
A. Refer the child for psychologic evaluation due to attention deficit disorder
B. Call the child’s parents to schedule the child for an immediate medical exam
C. Gather additional data by taking a health history and measuring vital signs
D. Collaborate with the teacher to place the child on a behavior modification program
C. Gather additional data by taking a health history and measuring vital signs
D. Vision and hearing screening
After accepting the position of school nurse in a public elementary school, what strategy is best for the nurse to use to obtain an overview understanding of the student body?
A. Review all of the health records of the students presently registered for classes
B. talk with the current officers of the parent-teacher association
C. Send home a survey form to parents of third grade students
D. Conduct a windshield survey of the geographic areas served by the school
D. Conduct a windshield survey of the geographic areas served by the school
A male client is brought to the emergency department as the result of a motorcycle accident. He was not wearing a helmet at the time of the accident, and states that he has no intention of ever wearing one. Within the framework of the Transtheoretical Model (TTM), which response should the nurse provide?
A. “Wearing a helmet or not is certainly an individual decision.”
B. “You should seriously consider wearing a helmet.”
C. “Riding a motorcycle with a helmet increases your safety.”
D. “I really think you don’t have the facts about helmet use.”
A. “Wearing a helmet or not is certainly an individual decision.”
An occupational health nurse is reviewing a 20-year-old trend in the United States that has resulted in an increase in certain industrial workforce. Which medical conditions are specifically identified with this trend?
A. asthma
B. Alcoholism
C. Lung cancer
D. Lead poisoning
E. West Nile virus infection
F. Hepatitis B virus infection
When asked to help develop interventions to combat obesity among children, the community health nurse should stress the importance of implementing which activity?
A. Set goals that are focused on developing healthier lifestyles
B. Develop strict diet plans for school-aged children
C. Provide diet classes for the obese children during school hours
D. Require all children to participate in organized team sports
A. Set goals that are focused on developing healthier lifestyles
A young woman tells the public health nurse that a friend was recently diagnosed with Hepatitis B and she is concerned about getting the disease. During the assessment interview, which question is most important for the nurse to ask this woman?
A. “Did you drink after or use any utensils that your friend used?”
B. “Have you noticed any yellowish tinge to the whites of your eyes?”
C. “Have you shared any needles or had sex with your friend?”
D. “How long ago was your friend diagnosed with Hepatitis B?”
C. “Have you shared any needles or had sex with your friend?”
Which example should the nurse identify as a significant outcome for the Leading Health Indicators of Healthy People 2020?
A. A community has adopted a no smoking policy
B. A rural community has a public transportation system
C. The high school drop out rate has decreased by 15%
D. A county has decreased their divorce rate by 10%
A. A community has adopted a no smoking policy
Which intervention should the public health nurse implement when attempting to address one of the leading health indicators of Healthy People 2020?
A. Lead a weekly water aerobics class for the elderly at a community center
B. Teach a class on cultural awareness to nursing students at the university
C. Design and implement a no smoking campaign at the local high school
D. Write a grant to help provide glucometers to individuals who cannot afford one
C. Design and implement a no smoking campaign at the local high school
The nurse is preparing to discharge an elderly, recently widowed female client following a mild stroke. At this time she is able to walk with the aid of a walker. As part of the discharge planning, what referral is most important for the nurse to make?
A. Pastoral care
B. Meals-on-wheels
C. Grief support group
D. Physical therapy
B. Pneumonic plague
E. Smallpox
Which presentation of an infectious disease is acquired through an indirect transmission?
A. Syphilis contracted from a sexual partner
B. Measles resulting from a daycare center outbreak
C. Malaria following exposure in a mosquito-infested area
D. Nosocomial influenza spreading rapidly in a long-term center
C. Malaria following exposure in a mosquito-infested area
What action is best for the community health nurse to take if the nurse suspects that an infant is being physically abused?
A. Follow agency protocols to report suspected abuse
B. Report suspicions to the local child abuse reporting hotline
C. educate the child’s caregivers about growth and development issues
D. Call the police department to have the child removed from the home
A. Follow agency protocols to report suspected abuse
The nursing education coordinator is creating employee orientation materials for staff nurses who plan to work at a clinic that serves a lower socioeconomic neighborhood. What information should the educator include regarding the clinic’s client population?
A. Most of the clients are unemployed or disabled
B. Access to mass transit may be an issue
C. Clients will need reminders to bring insurance cards
D. Basic physiologic needs of this population are often unmet
E. Clients who are homebound will qualify for Medicaid
F. Nonadherance to healthcare recommendations is likely
During an initial clinic visit, the nurse is taking the history for a client who wants to confirm her pregnancy. The client’s last child has a history of low-birth-weight (LBW). Which additional finding is most important for the nurse to consider?
A. Cigarette smoking
B. African-American ethnicity
C. Poor nutritional status
D. Limited maternal education
The nurse is planning a community-based project to reduce obesity in school-aged population. Which outcome statement best supports the goal for this population?
A. Increase in exercise will decrease obesity in children with a sedentary life style
B. Students with a body mass index above the 95 percentile will decrease
C. Within 2 years, students with a body mass index greater than 95% will be reduced by 50%
D. In the target population, 30% of students will be below the 95 percentile in weight
C. Within 2 years, students with a body mass index greater than 95% will be reduced by 50%
The nurse is developing a plan to provide quality health care for a certain community. Data obtained from which resources should be helpful to the nurse in developing a community healthcare plan for this community? (Select all that apply)
A. Census data
B. Risk management data
C. Budgeting process information
D. Available workforce in the community
E. Client-satisfaction surveys
F. Changes in the community’s demographic data
The nurse is teaching a community group about risks of cardiovascular disease. Several clients ask the nurse to determine their risk. Which client should the nurse identify as having the greatest risk for cardiovascular disease?
A. A male with a serum cholesterol level of 199 mg/dl
B. A female with a serum cholesterol level of 201 mg/dl
C. A male with a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level of 200 mg/dl
D. A female with a low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) level of 160 mg/dl
C. A male with a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level of 200 mg/dl
The multidisciplinary home healthcare team is discussing a female client diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease. The home healthcare nurse reports the client is getting worse and her husband is no longer able to care for her in the home. Which action should the home health nurse implement first?
A. Request a chaplain to counsel with the couple
B. Assign a home health care aide to provide care daily
C. Talk to the husband about placing his wife in a nursing home
D. Contact the client’s children to discuss the situation
B. Assign a home health care aide to provide care daily
A nurse working in a community health setting is preforming primary health screenings. Which individual is at highest risk for contracting an HIV infection?
A. A 17-year-old who is sexually active with numerous partners
B. A 45-year-old lesbian who has been sexually active with two partners in the past year
C. A 30-year-old cocaine user who inhales the drug and works in a topless bar
D. A 34-year-old male homosexual who is in a monogamous relationship
A. A 17-year-old who is sexually active with numerous partners
The home health nurse is admitting a client with Parkinson’s disease to the home healthcare service. In planning care for this client, which nursing diagnosis has priority?
A. Impaired physical mobility related to muscle rigidity and weakness
B. Ineffective coping related to depression and dysfunction due to disease progression
C. Ineffective breathing pattern related to respiratory muscle weakness
D. Fear related to constant possibility of experiencing seizures
A. Impaired physical mobility related to muscle rigidity and weakness
During a home health visit, a male client reports to the nurse that he felt a solid testicular mass during self-exam, but that it wasn’t painful. What instruction should the nurse provide the client?
A. Continue to monitor the mass until the next scheduled annual medical exam
B. Notify the healthcare provider if the mass becomes soft, painful, or starts to drain
C. Schedule an appointment with the healthcare provider for prompt evaluation
D. Testicular nodules are of concern only if they feel matted or are not easily movable
C. Schedule an appointment with the healthcare provider for prompt evaluation
A home health nurse knows that a 70-year-old male client who is convalescing at home following a hip replacement, is at risk for developing decubitus ulcers. Which physical characteristic of aging contributes to such a risk?
A. 16% increase in overall body fat
B. Reduced melanin production
C. Thinning of the skin with loss of elasticity
D. Calcium loss in the bones
C. Thinning of the skin with loss of elasticity
A college student asks the nurse in the Campus Student Health Center about obtaining medication for motion sickness before a scuba diving trip. What instruction should the nurse give the student regarding the use of prescription-strength scopolamine (Transderm-V)?
A. “Take the oral preparation 30 minutes before diving.”
B. “Apply the skin patch behind the ear 12 hours before your trip.”
C. “Use the medication at the first feeling of nausea on the boat.”
D. “Apply a new skin patch every 6 hours to the chest or abdomen.”
B. “Apply the skin patch behind the ear 12 hours before your trip.”
1. A 12-year-old female is seen by the school nurse after recently experiencing increasing difficulty sitting and paying attention in class, and increasingly illegible handwriting. The nurse observes that the child has protruding eyeballs and a staring expression. What action should the nurse take next?
Gather additional data by taking a health history and measuring vital signs
Set goals that are focused on developing healthier lifestyles
Provide supportive nursing care until antitoxin is available
“Have you shared any needles or had sex with your friend?”
A community has adopted a no smoking policy
Design and implement a no smoking campaign at the local high school
8. A male client is brought to the emergency department as the result of a motorcycle accident. He was not wearing a helmet at the time of the accident, and states that he has no intention of ever wearing one. Within the framework of the Transtheoretical Model (TTM), which response should the nurse provide?
“Wearing a helmet or not is certainly an individual decision.”
Conduct a windshield survey of the geographic areas served by the school
Low immunization rate of children
14. Which presentation of an infectious disease is acquired through an indirect transmission?
Malaria following exposure in a mosquito-infested area
Follow agency protocols to report suspected abuse
Schedule home visits that take place during the daylight hours
20. Which topic should the nurse include in planning a primary prevention class for adolescents?
The purpose is to rid the body of disease
Within 2 years, students with a body mass index greater than 95% will be reduced by 50%
The person, the environment or situation, and health
A male with a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level of 200mg/dl
Assign a home health care aide to provide care daily
A 17-year-old who is sexually active with numerous partners
30. Attendance at a community health clinic is rising and clients have long waits for service. The charge nurse believes that a computer system would be helpful in decreasing the time needed to conduct intake and exit processing. What is the best way for the nurse to introduce the idea of obtaining a computer system for the clinic?
Submit a written proposal to the Board of Directors about hardware and software improvement needs
Impaired physical mobility related to muscle rigidity and weakness
Schedule an appointment with the healthcare provider for prompt evaluation
Thinning of the skin with loss of elasticity
“Apply the skin patch behind the ear 12 hours before your trip.”
availability, accessibility, affordability, acceptability, and accommodation
tendency to believe others think the same was as “they do,” have the same world view, culture
weight bearing 30 min daily and Ca supplements starting @30 but esp after menopause
Ethnicity with highest risk for cardiovascular disease
Ethnicity with highest risk for diabetes
Screening priority with hypothyroidism
T4 levels in newborns (congenital hypothyroidism untreated leads to intellectual deficits)
additional education for parents of toddler
proper chemical storage
stair gates
#1 cause of death in ages 4-24
other mortality concern for adolescents and young adults
Health Promotion Model (Pender)
if allergic to yeast, will be allergic to hep b vaccine ie dont get it
Second booster of MMR at 4-6 years of age
Chlamydia MUST BE reported to CDC
Multiple sexual contacts are associated with the risk of Hep B
People can become infected with the Hepatitis C virus during such activities as:
-Sharing needles, syringes, etc to inject drugs
-Needle-stick injuries in health care settings
-Being born to a mother who has Hepatitis C
Less commonly, a person can also get Hepatitis C virus infection through:
– Sharing personal care items that may have come in contact with another person’s blood, such as razors or toothbrushes
-Having sexual contact with a person infected with the Hepatitis C virus
– risk of transmission from sexual contact is believed to be low.
Hepatitis C virus can survive outside the body at room temperature, on environmental surfaces, for up to 3 weeks.
-70%-80% of people with acute Hepatitis C do not have any symptoms.
-Some people, however, can have mild to severe symptoms soon after being infected, including:
Fever
Fatigue
Joint pain
Loss of appetite
Nausea
Vomiting
Abdominal pain
*Dark urine
*Clay-colored bowel movements
*Jaundice (yellow color in the skin or eyes)
*strong indicators of liver damage
In a disaster situation, the priority is treating with fluid and electrolyte replacement
Factors that influence an Occupational health nurse’s role in the workplace…
Commitment to the company occupational health and safety program, Skill Level, Role Perception
how are the biological agents pneumonic plague and smallpox spread?
transmitted person to person via inhalation
can be inhaled in construction and cause resp issues
particles in insulation that are assoc w lung cx
6 stages of disaster life cycle
pt who has CHF and gained 3 lbs
means that after losing job you can still have same health insurance for a certain amount of time, however the monthly cost of maintaining it sky rockets; already lost job so pretty hard to afford the cost and usually end up losing it anyway. Main concern of COBRA pt is being able to pay for expenses
Ethnicity with highest risk for diabetes
Ethnicity with highest risk for cardiovascular disease
to determine effectiveness of program to decrease rates of diabetes in a community, compare A1C
In a disaster situation, the priority is treating with fluid and electrolyte replacement
if allergic to yeast, will be allergic to hep b vaccine ie dont get it
assess the PREVALENCE of glaucoma in the population
weight-bearing exercises 30 min QDay; diet rich in calcium and vitamin D
priority is the teen’s self-esteem; be sure to get their feedback on improvement
Pregnant adolescent and you’re the school nurse
Screening priority with hypothyroidism
T4 levels in newborns (congenital hypothyroidism untreated leads to intellectual deficits)
Implementing new program in community
#1 is forming relationship with stakeholder
Chlamydia MUST BE reported to CDC
teach them in the classroom environment
teach to wear proper protective clothing
#1 cause of death in ages 1-24
#2 cause of death in adolescents and young adults
what biological agents are transmitted person to person via inhalation
#1 cause of injury/death in infants
#2 cause of injury/death in infants
#3 cause of injury/death in infants
most significant cause of illness in infants and children
obesity rates in children are higher in:
#1 cause of death in ages 1-24 years old
Lead poisoning has detrimental effects particularly on the _______. can also decrease IQ
indicator of overall health and availability of health services
# of deaths in 1st year of life divided by # of live births, multiplied by 1000)
calculating infant mortality rate
have the lowest injury death rate
2nd leading cause of death among youths between ages 15-24
fever, behavior change, seizures or difficulty breathing
S/S of reaction to Menomune (meningococcal) vaccine
calcium intake in children and adolescents
prevention of osteoporosis in adulthoood
leading cause of death in women
leading cause of cancer in women and 2nd leading cause of death
RN must do initial assessment of pt; ADLs can be delegated to a nursing care aide
what must Home Health RNs do and what can they delegate?
4 steps for Preparing for Safety in a Disaster
responsible for developing and coordinating emergency response plans within their defined area
The level of disaster is determined by the number of _______ needed, not the number of casualties
3 ways American Red Cross classifies a disaster
direct physical observations and interviews
most common data measurement methods
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS)
covers: hospital or home care (can’t have both) and skilled nursing care
covers: (non-institutional care insurance) Medical care, diagnositc services and physiotherapy
voluntary and private nonprofit agencies
supported by charities (such as United Way, Medicare, Medicaid, etc)
transtheoretical change theory
can be measured by looking at changes from before and after the intervention to solve the problems
number of EXISTING cases in a population at a given time
get usable information about the community and its health
primary goal of data collection
1. identify community needs 2. clarify problems 3. identify strengths and resources
connect with someone in the community and build trust
to effectively reach a population group, you must:
to obtain payment for Medicare services, a documentation of _______ must be done during the visit
a special supplemental food program administered by the Department of Agriculture through the state health departments; provides nutritious food that add to the diets of pregnant and nursing women, infants and children younger than 5 years; eligibility is based on income and nutritional risk as determined by a HCP
reviews and plans policies and education about safety in the work place
attempts to link the agent to the disease or conditions
epidemiologic triangle (or epidemiological triad)
pictorial display of a person’s family relationships and medical history
most common chronic blood-borne infection in the U.S.; leading cause of chronic liver disease
developed the Henry Street Settlement
provided care to immigrants; established first nursing service of occupational health
purpose of Henry Street Settlement
no specific treatment – treat underlying cause such as diabetes or obesity
treatment for Ancathosis nigricans
paying for healthcare/expenses
concern for a person who has lost their job but has COBRA
Population group that is at high risk for diabetes
African Americans are at high risk for ______
acute diarrheal disease that can kill within hours if left untreated
priority for treating those with cholera
call emergency personnel, not assess
first thing the school nurse should do when an adolescent presents with signs of heat stroke
hives, swelling of face/throat, difficulty breathing, tachycardia, dizziness, weakness
STD that must be reported because it is monitored by the state and CDC
directly observed treatment (DOT)
environment for best teaching to an adolescent
S/S of Lyme Disease (vector-borne disease)
world’s most common and deadliest vector-borne disease
wear proper, protective clothing
American Diabetes Association (ADA)
Unexplained death, normally during sleep, of a seemingly healthy baby – less than a year old
Most significant cause of illness in infants and children
Vertical Transmission of Infection
Passage of a disease-causing agent (pathogen) from mother to baby during the period immediately before and after birth.
Transmission might occur across the placenta, in the breast milk, or through direct contact during or after birth. For example, HIV can be a vertically transmitted pathogen. Also known as perinatal transmission.
Risks for childhood obesity are related to what?
Obesity rates higher in what populations?
Native Americans, Hispanics, Blacks
Lower socioeconomic groups in urban settings as well.
#1 cause of death in 1-24 yr olds
Lead poisoning has detrimental effects on what system?
Neuro
Can decrease IQ. If on WIC, they will provide extra foods high in calcium and iron.
Chelation Therapy + a diet high in calcium, vit c, iron
Do not want BLL greater than 5
Who has the lowest injury/ death rate?
School aged children
But bad at judging speed/ distance = high risk for bike and pedestrian accidents
Vision Screening in young children
Second leading cause of death between 15-24 yr olds
Suicide
Community health programs for adolescents should focus on suicide prevention
Before developing a smoking programs for adolescents
You first want to determine the incidence of smoking among the teenagers in the community
Given to patients under the age of 30
Prevents Meningococcal Bacteria
Discharge teaching for Menomune Vaccine
Give tylenol
Watch for s/s of reaction – fever, sob, seizures
Amount of people that get scheduled vaccines.
Used as quality indicators of health in the population.
Children and adolescents calcium intake affects
Leading cause of death in women
Lung
2nd leading cause of death
Why do men have a shorter life span?
Men tend to avoid diagnosis and treatment of illnesses that may result in serious health problems
How do nurses address the chronic health concerns of elders?
How many ppl in US are uninsured?
Important to involve who in program planning
Prepare for Safety: Disaster Plan
Two well known authorities on disaster preparedness
American Red Cross
Federal Emergency Management Agency
1 – personal
2- professional
3 – community
Office of Emergency Management (OEM
Well Prepared Communities have what?
Written disaster plans, conduct drills, have adequate warning system, and backup evacuation plan
Minimize morbidity and mortality.
Level of response is determined by
FEMA Levels of Disaster Response
Level III- a minor disaster, involves a minimal level of damage but could result in the president declaring an emergency. A minimal request for federal help
Level II- moderate disaster- likely to result in major disaster being declared. Regional federal resources engaged, other outside area may be called on
Level I- massive disaster, severe damage or multistate scope. Full engagement of federal regional and national resources
American Red Cross 3 Ways to classify a disaster
Presidentially Declared Disaster
requires full or partial implementation of the National Response Plan
The NRP is a concerted effort to prevent terrorist attacks within the US; reduce American’s vulnerability to terrorism, major disasters, and other emergencies; and minimize the damage and recover from attacks, major disasters, and other emergencies that occur.
Once a federal emergency has been declared, the NRP may take affect
Highest priority patients in a triage
Life-threatening injuries with high probability of survival
Pneumonic Plague and Smallpox Transmission
Respiratory or inhalation exposure
Comes from livestock and unpasterized dairy
Airborne poison. Cannot be spread person to person. Requires an antitoxin
Participate in developing a disaster management plan for the community
Assess disaster victims and triage for care
-Highest priority is always given to victims who have life threatening injuries but who have a high probability of survival once stabilized
-Second priority is given to victims with injures that have systemic complications that are not yet life threatening and could wait 45 – 60 minutes for treatment
-Last priority is given to those victims with local injuries without immediate complications and who can wait several hours for medical attention.
Examples of number 1 priority patients in a triage
Examples of number 2 priority patients in a triage
Examples of number 3 priority patients in a triage
a minor laceration, sprain, or cold symptoms
Primary Care- refers to organized community efforts designed to prevent disease and promote health (education).
Secondary Care- an intermediate level of health care that includes diagnosis and treatment. Screening.
Tertiary Care- rehabilitation and return of a patient to a status of maximum usefulness and a minimum risk of recurrence of a physical or mental disorder
Agency most directly involved with the health and welfare of americans
US Department of Health and Human Services
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services mission
Enhance the health and well-being of the American people through the following:
-Alcohol, drug abuse, and mental health programs
-Disease tracking and identification
-Health care access for all and integrity of the nation’s health entitlement and safety net programs
-Identification and correction of health hazards
-Medical assistance after disasters
-Medical research
-Promotion of exercise and healthy habits
-Protection of the nation’s food and drug supply
provides payment for hospital services, home health services, and extended care facilities
covers prescription medication. There are different options and costs for part D coverage.
more likely than the general populations to suffer from health disparities.
Transtheoretical Change Theory
belief that people are in a stage of willingness to change.
Behavior changes like exercise, wearing seatbelts or helmets are personal decision and cannot be forced.
The community health nurse educates the client in hopes of moving them from not engaging in a healthy behavior to at least considering doing it in the next 6 months.
Behavioral (Lifestyle) Health Risk Assessment
Number of live births during 1 year X1000
divided by
Midyear population
# of people exposed & developed disease
divided by
population at risk
Primary goal of data collection
Get usable information about the community and its health.
Primary concern of health promotion in adolescents
Pesticides, infectious agents, gases, sunlight
HTN, mood disorders, cardiovascular disease
Diseases related to chemical workers
Documentation done DURING a medicare visit
Attempts to link the agent to the disease or conditions.
a living species (human or animal) capable of being infected or affected by an agent.
is a pictorial display of a person’s family relationships and medical history. It goes beyond a traditional family tree by allowing the user to visualize hereditary patterns and psychological factors that punctuate relationships.
Helps determine the client’s risk factors for developing to disease and health promotion efforts.
lung cancer/respiratory issues, workplace/mold exposure
Child’s life expectancy is predicted more by
Zip code rather than genetic code
specific
measurable
achievable
relevant to goal
time frame
Formative: is instituted for the purpose of assessing the degree to which objectives are met or planned activities are conducted. This is done along the way.
Summative: is instituted to assess program outcomes or as a follow-up of the results of program activities. This is what you do at the end of a program to determine if it worked overall.
Precontemplation: no intention to take action within the next 6 months.
Contemplation: intends to take action within the next 6 months.
Preparation: intends to take action within the next 30 days and has taken some behavioral steps in this direction.
Action: changed overt behavior for less than 6 months
Maintenance: changed overt behavior for more than 6 months
Most common chronic illness in children
Greatest risk to childhood health