A nurse in an urgent care facility is collecting data from a client who was stung by a wasp. Which of the following findings indicates the client is experiencing anaphylaxis?
A.
Bilateral tinnitus
B.
Difficulty swallowing
C.
Hypertension
D.
Petechial rash on the abdomen
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
B. Difficulty swallowing
Explanation:
Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur rapidly after exposure to an allergen, such as a wasp sting. Recognizing the signs of anaphylaxis is crucial for prompt and effective treatment. Key indicators include respiratory distress, cardiovascular symptoms, and gastrointestinal symptoms.
- Difficulty Swallowing: This symptom is a significant indicator of anaphylaxis. During anaphylactic reactions, the body’s immune response can cause swelling of the throat and airway, making it difficult for the client to swallow. This is a result of angioedema, which involves swelling of deeper layers of the skin and mucous membranes. Difficulty swallowing can lead to airway obstruction, making it a critical sign that demands immediate intervention.
- Bilateral Tinnitus: Tinnitus, or ringing in the ears, is not typically associated with anaphylaxis. While it can be a distressing symptom, it is not considered a hallmark of anaphylactic reactions.
- Hypertension: High blood pressure is not a common sign of anaphylaxis. Instead, anaphylaxis often leads to hypotension (low blood pressure) due to vasodilation and increased vascular permeability. This drop in blood pressure can contribute to shock and is a sign of severe anaphylaxis.
- Petechial Rash on the Abdomen: Petechiae are small, pinpoint hemorrhages under the skin, which are generally not associated with anaphylaxis. They can indicate other conditions such as thrombocytopenia or infections but are not characteristic of the immediate hypersensitivity reaction seen in anaphylaxis.
In summary, difficulty swallowing is a key sign of anaphylaxis because it reflects swelling of the throat and airway, which is a life-threatening concern requiring urgent medical intervention. Other symptoms of anaphylaxis include hives, shortness of breath, wheezing, and a drop in blood pressure, all of which require immediate treatment to prevent severe outcomes.