The practical nurse (PN) is caring for a client who has a prescription for loratadine by mouth daily as needed. Which sign indicates to the PN that there is a need to administer the medication?
A. Ulceration on the corner of the upper lip.
B. Ecchymosis and petechiae on the legs
C. Red welts widespread over the chest.
D. Red papules and pustules on the face.
The correct answer and Explanation is :
The correct answer is C. Red welts widespread over the chest.
Explanation:
Loratadine is an antihistamine used to treat symptoms of allergies, such as itching, sneezing, runny nose, and skin reactions like hives. It is typically prescribed for conditions related to allergic responses in the body.
In this scenario:
- Option A (Ulceration on the corner of the upper lip): Ulcerations or sores in this area are not usually related to allergic reactions but may indicate a different condition such as a viral infection (e.g., herpes simplex virus) or trauma. Loratadine would not be indicated for this issue.
- Option B (Ecchymosis and petechiae on the legs): Ecchymosis (bruising) and petechiae (small red or purple spots) are related to bleeding or clotting disorders, not allergies. Loratadine would not be helpful for these symptoms, which may require evaluation for a hematologic issue.
- Option C (Red welts widespread over the chest): Red welts, or hives (urticaria), are classic signs of an allergic reaction. They occur when the body releases histamine in response to an allergen. Loratadine, as an antihistamine, helps reduce the body’s histamine response and alleviate symptoms like itching and hives. Therefore, this is the indication that the client may need loratadine.
- Option D (Red papules and pustules on the face): Red papules and pustules suggest acne or an infection rather than an allergic reaction. Loratadine would not be indicated for this skin condition.
Conclusion:
The presence of red welts over the chest (Option C) indicates an allergic reaction that would likely respond to loratadine, an antihistamine designed to alleviate such symptoms. Therefore, this sign is a clear indication for administering loratadine as needed.