A nurse is caring for a client who has schizophrenia and is taking risperidone (Risperdal). Which of the following findings should alert the nurse to a potential adverse effect of this medication? (Select all that apply.)
A.
Fever
B.
Polyuria
C.
Muscle rigidity
D.
Diaphoresis
E.
Tremors.
The correct answer and Explanation is :
For a client taking risperidone (Risperdal), the findings that should alert the nurse to a potential adverse effect include:
A. Fever
C. Muscle rigidity
E. Tremors
Explanation:
Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic medication used to manage symptoms of schizophrenia. It can have several side effects, and some may indicate serious conditions that require immediate attention.
- Fever: This can be a sign of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS), a rare but potentially life-threatening condition associated with antipsychotic medications. NMS is characterized by a high fever, muscle rigidity, altered mental status, and autonomic dysfunction (such as fluctuations in blood pressure and heart rate). Fever in the context of risperidone use warrants immediate evaluation.
- Muscle rigidity: This is another hallmark symptom of NMS. Muscle rigidity in conjunction with fever and altered mental status can strongly suggest NMS. The rigidity is typically severe and affects large muscle groups, leading to difficulties in movement and possible discomfort or pain.
- Tremors: These are indicative of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), which are common side effects of antipsychotic medications, including risperidone. EPS includes tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, and other motor disturbances. Tremors can be an early sign of EPS, which can also lead to more severe conditions like tardive dyskinesia if not managed.
Polyuria and diaphoresis are less directly related to the adverse effects of risperidone. While polyuria (excessive urination) and diaphoresis (excessive sweating) can occur with some medications, they are not specific indicators of the severe adverse effects associated with risperidone.
In summary, fever, muscle rigidity, and tremors are key signs to monitor for serious adverse effects like NMS or EPS in patients taking risperidone. Prompt recognition and intervention are crucial in managing these potential complications.