A nurse is assessing a client who has decreased thyroid function due to aging. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
A Tachycardia
B Weight loss.
C Heat intolerance
D Dry skin
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
The correct answer is D. Dry skin.
Explanation
Decreased thyroid function, also known as hypothyroidism, is common in older adults. As the thyroid gland produces fewer thyroid hormones, the body’s metabolism slows down, leading to a range of symptoms. Understanding these symptoms helps in managing and treating hypothyroidism effectively.
Dry Skin: One of the hallmark signs of hypothyroidism is dry, rough skin. Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in maintaining healthy skin by regulating the production of sebum, an oil that keeps the skin moist. When thyroid function decreases, sebum production drops, leading to dry, flaky, and coarse skin. This symptom is particularly noticeable in older adults whose skin tends to lose moisture with age anyway.
Tachycardia: Tachycardia, or an abnormally rapid heart rate, is not associated with decreased thyroid function. In fact, hypothyroidism is more commonly linked to bradycardia (slow heart rate). The slowing of metabolism can result in decreased cardiac output and a slower heart rate. Tachycardia is more characteristic of hyperthyroidism, where an excess of thyroid hormones speeds up the metabolism.
Weight Loss: Hypothyroidism generally leads to weight gain rather than weight loss. The slowed metabolism associated with decreased thyroid function reduces the body’s ability to burn calories efficiently, often resulting in weight gain. Patients with hypothyroidism might experience difficulty losing weight despite a reduced appetite.
Heat Intolerance: This symptom is more commonly associated with hyperthyroidism. In cases of excess thyroid hormone production, individuals often experience increased sensitivity to heat and excessive sweating. Hypothyroidism, on the other hand, tends to make individuals more sensitive to cold, not heat.
Overall, recognizing the signs of hypothyroidism is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment. Dry skin is a common and noticeable symptom of decreased thyroid function, making it a key indicator for nurses assessing older adults with potential thyroid issues.