What is the normal range of serum sodium in adults?
A.
120 to 140 mEq/L
B.
135 to 145 mEq/L
C.
150 to 160 mEq/L
D.
165 to 175 mEq/L
The correct answer and Explanation is :
The normal range of serum sodium in adults is B. 135 to 145 mEq/L.
Explanation:
Sodium is a crucial electrolyte in the body that helps regulate fluid balance, blood pressure, and nerve and muscle function. The normal serum sodium concentration is typically between 135 and 145 milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L).
- Homeostasis and Fluid Balance: Sodium plays a key role in maintaining fluid balance by influencing the movement of water between the intracellular and extracellular spaces. This balance is critical for ensuring that cells are not damaged by excessive swelling or dehydration.
- Blood Pressure Regulation: Sodium affects blood pressure by influencing blood volume. High sodium levels can lead to increased blood volume and elevated blood pressure, while low sodium levels can cause low blood pressure and dehydration.
- Nerve and Muscle Function: Sodium is essential for generating and transmitting electrical impulses in nerves and muscles. Proper sodium levels ensure that nerves function effectively and muscles, including the heart, contract properly.
- Hyponatremia and Hypernatremia: Deviations from the normal range can indicate underlying health issues. Hyponatremia (low sodium levels) can result from conditions such as heart failure, kidney disease, or excessive fluid intake. Symptoms may include headache, confusion, and nausea. Hypernatremia (high sodium levels) may be caused by dehydration or conditions like diabetes insipidus, leading to symptoms such as thirst, agitation, and in severe cases, seizures.
Maintaining sodium levels within this normal range is crucial for overall health and bodily function. Routine blood tests help monitor these levels, especially in patients with conditions that can affect electrolyte balance.