The nurse caring for a child diagnosed with rubeola (measles) notes that the pediatrician has documented the presence of Koplik’s spots. On the basis of this documentation, which observation is expected?
A.
whitish vesicles located across the chest
B.
Small blue-white spots with a red base found on the buccal mucosa
C.
Pinpoint petechiae noted on both legs
D.
Petechiae spots that are reddish and pinpoint on the soft palate
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
The correct answer is B: Small blue-white spots with a red base found on the buccal mucosa.
Explanation:
Koplik’s spots are a classic clinical sign associated with rubeola (measles) and serve as a key diagnostic indicator for the disease. These spots are characterized as small, bluish-white lesions that appear on a red base, typically found on the buccal mucosa (the inner lining of the cheeks). They often manifest 1 to 2 days before the onset of the characteristic measles rash and can be a valuable diagnostic clue for healthcare professionals.
In the context of rubeola, Koplik’s spots are considered pathognomonic, meaning they are highly specific to measles and can help differentiate it from other viral illnesses. The presence of these spots indicates that the child is likely in the prodromal phase of the illness, which is characterized by symptoms such as high fever, cough, runny nose, and conjunctivitis, followed by the emergence of the classic measles rash.
Option A, “whitish vesicles located across the chest,” does not align with the specific description of Koplik’s spots. This option might suggest vesicular lesions that can occur in other conditions, such as chickenpox. Option C, “pinpoint petechiae noted on both legs,” and option D, “petechiae spots that are reddish and pinpoint on the soft palate,” describe different types of lesions that are not characteristic of Koplik’s spots or measles itself.
Thus, observing small blue-white spots with a red base on the buccal mucosa confirms the documentation of Koplik’s spots and provides essential information for further assessment and management of the child’s rubeola diagnosis. This observation aids in reinforcing the diagnosis and allows for the appropriate implementation of care and precautions to prevent the spread of this highly contagious disease.