A nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client who has HIV. Which of the following information is the priority for the nurse to review with the client?
A. “Tell me why it’s important to have your CD4+ count checked.”
B. “Name a few things you will change about your diet.”
C. “List some ways you can cope with the stress of your illness.”
D. “Describe your daily medication schedule.”
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
The correct answer is A. “Tell me why it’s important to have your CD4+ count checked.”
Explanation:
When providing discharge teaching for a client with HIV, the priority is to ensure the client understands the importance of monitoring their CD4+ count. The CD4+ count is a critical indicator of immune function in individuals with HIV. CD4+ cells, also known as T-helper cells, play a significant role in the body’s immune response by helping to activate other immune cells to fight infections. HIV specifically targets and destroys these cells, weakening the immune system over time. A declining CD4+ count signals immune system deterioration, making the person more susceptible to opportunistic infections and diseases.
Monitoring CD4+ levels helps determine the stage of HIV infection, the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART), and when to initiate or modify treatment. In particular, a CD4+ count below 200 cells/mm³ is a marker for progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the most advanced stage of HIV. This makes regular testing critical for preventing complications.
While all the options listed in the question are important aspects of care for a client with HIV, understanding the significance of the CD4+ count directly influences disease management and long-term health outcomes. Effective management includes the use of ART, which helps keep the viral load low and CD4+ counts stable. If clients do not understand the importance of regularly checking their CD4+ count, they might delay necessary interventions, leading to worsened health outcomes.
Other aspects, such as medication adherence (Option D), coping mechanisms (Option C), and dietary changes (Option B), are also vital for managing HIV. However, without prioritizing immune system monitoring through CD4+ count checks, the client could face a greater risk of complications from the disease.