A nurse is conducting a hypertension risk assessment for a client. Which question is most relevant in identifying a modifiable risk factor?
A.
“Do you have a family history of hypertension?”
B.
“What is your age?”
C.
“Do you engage in regular physical activity?”
D.
“What is your ethnicity?”
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
The correct answer is C. “Do you engage in regular physical activity?”
Explanation:
When conducting a hypertension risk assessment, it’s essential to differentiate between modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Modifiable risk factors are lifestyle choices and behaviors that individuals can change to lower their risk of developing hypertension, while non-modifiable factors are those that cannot be changed.
In this context, the question about engaging in regular physical activity is particularly relevant as it directly addresses a behavior that the client can modify. Physical inactivity is a significant risk factor for hypertension. Regular exercise helps maintain a healthy weight, improves cardiovascular health, and can help lower blood pressure. The American Heart Association recommends at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity per week to reduce the risk of hypertension and improve overall heart health.
Conversely, the other options represent non-modifiable risk factors:
- A. “Do you have a family history of hypertension?”: Family history can indicate a genetic predisposition to hypertension, but it is not something that can be changed.
- B. “What is your age?”: Age is a well-established risk factor for hypertension, with risk increasing as individuals grow older. Like family history, it is non-modifiable.
- D. “What is your ethnicity?”: Certain ethnic groups may have a higher predisposition to hypertension due to genetic and environmental factors. However, ethnicity is also a non-modifiable risk factor.
Identifying and addressing modifiable risk factors, such as physical inactivity, allows healthcare providers to implement interventions that can significantly impact a client’s health outcomes. Encouraging lifestyle changes, such as increasing physical activity, can play a crucial role in both the prevention and management of hypertension. By focusing on these aspects during the risk assessment, nurses can empower clients to make informed choices that benefit their health.