Which of the following terms best describes an operant behavior?
a. automatic
b. reflexive
c. voluntary
d. instinctive
e. unlearned
The Correct answer and Explanation is:
The term that best describes an operant behavior is c. voluntary.
Explanation:
Operant behavior refers to actions that are controlled by their consequences, meaning they are influenced by the outcomes that follow them. This concept is grounded in the principles of operant conditioning, a theory developed by B.F. Skinner, which posits that behaviors are shaped by reinforcement or punishment. Operant behaviors are typically voluntary actions performed by an individual in response to environmental stimuli, rather than reflexive or automatic responses.
To elaborate, operant behaviors can be contrasted with reflexive behaviors, which are involuntary and occur automatically in response to a specific stimulus (e.g., pulling away your hand from a hot surface). In contrast, voluntary behaviors are deliberate actions taken by an individual based on their goals, preferences, or the consequences they anticipate. For instance, a student deciding to study for an exam is engaging in voluntary operant behavior, motivated by the expectation of achieving a good grade as a form of reinforcement.
Furthermore, operant conditioning involves the use of rewards (positive reinforcement) or consequences (negative reinforcement or punishment) to increase or decrease the likelihood of certain behaviors occurring again in the future. This demonstrates the role of choice in operant behaviors; individuals learn to associate their actions with specific outcomes and adjust their future behaviors accordingly.
Instinctive behaviors, on the other hand, are innate and typically do not require learning or conditioning (e.g., a bird building a nest). Similarly, unlearned behaviors are those that do not require prior experience to be executed.
In summary, operant behaviors are best described as voluntary actions influenced by consequences, highlighting the individual’s ability to make choices based on past experiences and learned associations.