Autonomy vs shame and doubt is closely associated with
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
The concept of “autonomy vs. shame and doubt” is closely associated with Erik Erikson’s psychosocial development theory, specifically the second stage of his eight stages of human development. This stage typically occurs between the ages of 18 months and 3 years, during which children begin to develop a sense of personal control over their skills and abilities.
Explanation:
In this stage, children are exploring their independence and striving to master basic tasks, such as toilet training, dressing, and feeding themselves. Successful resolution of this stage fosters a sense of autonomy; children learn that they can make choices and exert control over their environment. For instance, when parents encourage children to perform tasks independently, it builds their confidence and self-esteem. Children who feel empowered and supported in their efforts develop a strong sense of autonomy, which is crucial for their emotional and psychological well-being.
Conversely, if parents or caregivers are overly critical or overly controlling, children may begin to feel shame and doubt about their abilities. For example, if a child is scolded for making mistakes during self-care tasks, they may internalize these negative experiences, leading to feelings of inadequacy. This shame can result in a lack of confidence in their abilities and difficulty in asserting themselves in future situations.
The balance between autonomy and shame/doubt is essential for healthy development. Achieving autonomy allows children to approach challenges with a positive mindset, while feelings of shame and doubt can hinder their willingness to try new things and engage with their surroundings. This stage sets the foundation for future stages of development, influencing interpersonal relationships and the ability to navigate societal expectations later in life. Therefore, nurturing autonomy during this critical period is essential for fostering resilience and self-efficacy in children.