Relax the central nervous system and can be addictive if taken for a long period of time.
Depressants
a)
O b) Stimulants
c) Narcotics
d) Tranquilizers
e) Hallucinogens
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
The correct answer is d) Tranquilizers.
Explanation:
Tranquilizers are a class of drugs that act on the central nervous system (CNS) to produce a calming or sedative effect, helping reduce anxiety, tension, or agitation. They are commonly divided into two types: major tranquilizers (antipsychotics) and minor tranquilizers (anxiolytics). Minor tranquilizers, also known as benzodiazepines (e.g., Valium, Xanax), are more widely used for anxiety relief and sedation.
Mechanism of Action:
Tranquilizers primarily work by enhancing the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS. By increasing GABA activity, tranquilizers reduce the excitability of neurons, leading to a calming effect. This is why they are effective in treating anxiety, insomnia, muscle tension, and other conditions involving overstimulation of the nervous system.
Addictive Potential:
While tranquilizers can be very effective for short-term use, long-term use carries significant risks. One of the key concerns with these drugs is their potential for dependence and addiction. With prolonged use, the body can develop tolerance, meaning that higher doses are needed to achieve the same effect. As dependence grows, individuals may experience withdrawal symptoms if they try to stop using the drug suddenly, which can include anxiety, agitation, tremors, and in severe cases, seizures.
Medical Uses and Caution:
Tranquilizers are prescribed to manage a variety of conditions, such as anxiety disorders, insomnia, muscle spasms, and even seizure disorders. However, they are generally recommended for short-term use due to their addictive properties. Health professionals must closely monitor patients on these medications to avoid misuse and dependence.
In contrast, depressants like alcohol, barbiturates, and some sleep medications also relax the CNS, but tranquilizers are more specifically designed for managing anxiety and are more potent in calming mental and physical states.