EVOLUTION STEM CASE GIZMO PRACTICE PAPER 2024 Complete And Verified Study material) (11pages) LEARNEXAMS/gizmos answer keys

1. What is the difference between microevolution and macroevolution? Give an example of each.

Answer: Microevolution is the change in allele frequencies within a population over time, while macroevolution is the

formation of new species or higher taxonomic groups from existing ones. An example of microevolution is the evolution of

antibiotic resistance in bacteria, and an example of macroevolution is the divergence of mammals from reptiles.

Rationale: This question tests the students' understanding of the basic concepts and definitions of evolution at different

scales.

2. What are the four main mechanisms of evolution? Explain how each one can affect the genetic variation and adaptation of

a population.

Answer: The four main mechanisms of evolution are mutation, gene flow, genetic drift, and natural selection. Mutation is the

source of new genetic variation, as it introduces changes in DNA sequences that can create new alleles or traits. Gene flow

is the movement of alleles between populations, which can increase or decrease genetic diversity depending on the

direction and magnitude of gene flow. Genetic drift is the random change in allele frequencies due to chance events, which

can reduce genetic diversity and cause allele fixation or loss. Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of

individuals with certain traits, which can increase the adaptation of a population to its environment and favor certain alleles

over others.

Rationale: This question tests the students' knowledge of the main evolutionary forces and how they influence the

evolutionary outcomes of populations.

3. What is a phylogenetic tree? How can it be used to infer evolutionary relationships among organisms?

Answer: A phylogenetic tree is a diagram that shows the evolutionary history and relatedness of a group of organisms based

on their shared derived characteristics. It can be used to infer evolutionary relationships among organisms by comparing

their morphological or molecular features and reconstructing their common ancestors and patterns of divergence.

Rationale: This question tests the students' ability to interpret and construct phylogenetic trees based on evolutionary

evidence.

4. What is speciation? What are the two main types of speciation? Give an example of each.

Answer: Speciation is the process by which new species arise from existing ones. The two main types of speciation are

allopatric and sympatric speciation. Allopatric speciation occurs when populations are geographically isolated and evolve

reproductive isolation due to genetic divergence. An example of allopatric speciation is the formation of different species of

finches on different islands of the Galapagos archipelago. Sympatric speciation occurs when populations are not

geographically isolated but evolve reproductive isolation due to ecological, behavioral, or chromosomal factors. An example

of sympatric speciation is the formation of different species of apple maggot flies that feed on different host plants.

Rationale: This question tests the students' comprehension of the concept and types of speciation and their examples.

5. What is convergent evolution? What are some factors that can promote convergent evolution? Give an example of

convergent evolution.

Answer: Convergent evolution is the evolution of similar traits or adaptations in distantly related organisms due to similar

selective pressures or environmental challenges. Some factors that can promote convergent evolution are climate, habitat,

predation, competition, or diet. An example of convergent evolution is the evolution of wings in birds, bats, and insects,

which are not closely related but share a common function for flight.

Rationale: This question tests the students' recognition and explanation of convergent evolution and its causes and effects.

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