NUR 3123 Pathophysiology & Pharmacology MIDTERM READINESS EXAM Q & S 2025/2026

1. Multiple Choice: Which of the following medications is
considered a first-line treatment for heart failure with
reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)?
 A. Amlodipine
 B. Furosemide
 C. Lisinopril
 D. Metoprolol
 Correct Answer: C. Lisinopril
 Rationale: Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor, which is
recommended as a first-line treatment for HFrEF due to its
ability to reduce the workload on the heart and improve
survival rates.
2. Fill-in-the-Blank: __________ is the term used to
describe the decrease in blood pressure upon standing that
may be experienced by patients taking antihypertensive
medications.
 Correct Answer: Orthostatic hypotension
 Rationale: Orthostatic hypotension is a common side
effect of antihypertensive medications and can lead to
dizziness and falls, especially in the elderly.
3. True/False: Glucocorticoids are commonly used in the
management of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD).
 Correct Answer: True
 Rationale: Glucocorticoids help to reduce inflammation in
the airways, improve lung function, and are therefore used
in acute exacerbations of COPD.
4. Multiple Response: Select all the following adverse