1. Explain the concept of entropy and how it relates to the spontaneity of a reaction. Answer: Entropy is a measure of the randomness or disorder of a system. The second law of thermodynamics states that in a spontaneous process, the entropy of the universe increases. 2. What is the role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction? Provide an example. Answer: A catalyst increases the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy. An example is the use of enzymes in biological reactions. 3. Describe the principles behind the Arrhenius equation and its application in analyzing reaction rates. Answer: The Arrhenius equation relates the rate constant of a reaction to the temperature and activation energy. It is used to predict how reaction rates change with temperature. 4. Define the terms kinetic energy and potential energy and explain how they relate to chemical reactions. Answer: Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, while potential energy is stored energy. In a chemical reaction, potential energy is converted into kinetic energy as bonds are broken and new bonds are formed.