1. A patient with renal impairment is prescribed a drug that

is mainly eliminated by the kidneys. What pharmacokinetic

parameter is most likely to be affected by the patient's

condition?

a) Absorption

b) Distribution

c) Metabolism

d) Elimination*

Rationale: Elimination is the process of removing a drug

from the body, and it mainly occurs through the kidneys.

Renal impairment can reduce the glomerular filtration rate

(GFR), which is the rate at which the kidneys filter the

blood. A lower GFR means that less drug is eliminated per

unit of time, which can lead to drug accumulation and

toxicity.

2. A nurse administers a loading dose of 500 mg of a drug

to a patient, followed by a maintenance dose of 100 mg

every 12 hours. The drug has a half-life of 6 hours and a

volume of distribution of 50 L. What is the peak plasma

concentration of the drug after the loading dose?

a) 5 mg/L

b) 10 mg/L*

c) 20 mg/L

d) 40 mg/L

Rationale: The peak plasma concentration of a drug after a

loading dose can be calculated by dividing the loading dose

by the volume of distribution. In this case, 500 mg / 50 L =

10 mg/L.