1. A 45-year-old male presents with chest pain, dyspnea,

diaphoresis, and nausea. He has a history of hypertension,

diabetes, and smoking. The nurse practitioner suspects that he is

having an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). What is the most

appropriate initial action by the nurse practitioner?

a) Administer aspirin and nitroglycerin

b) Perform a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG)

c) Call for an ambulance and prepare for transport

d) Obtain a complete blood count (CBC) and cardiac enzymes

*Answer: c) Call for an ambulance and prepare for transport*

Rationale: The nurse practitioner should recognize that this patient

is experiencing a life-threatening emergency and needs immediate

hospitalization. The priority is to call for an ambulance and prepare

for transport, while providing oxygen, monitoring vital signs, and

reassuring the patient. Administering aspirin and nitroglycerin,

performing an ECG, and obtaining blood tests are important

interventions, but they should not delay the transport of the patient.

2. A 60-year-old female has been diagnosed with osteoporosis after

a bone mineral density (BMD) test. She has no symptoms or

fractures, but she is concerned about her risk of developing them in

the future. She asks the nurse practitioner what she can do to

prevent osteoporosis. What is the best response by the nurse

practitioner?

a) You should take calcium and vitamin D supplements daily

b) You should exercise regularly, especially weight-bearing

activities

c) You should avoid alcohol, tobacco, caffeine, and carbonated

beverages

d) You should do all of the above

*Answer: d) You should do all of the above*

Rationale: The nurse practitioner should educate the patient about

the modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis and the lifestyle changes

that can prevent or slow down bone loss. These include adequate

intake of calcium and vitamin D, regular physical activity (especially

weight-bearing exercises that stimulate bone formation), and

avoidance of substances that can impair bone health (such as